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Institution

Jožef Stefan Institute

FacilityLjubljana, Slovenia
About: Jožef Stefan Institute is a facility organization based out in Ljubljana, Slovenia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Liquid crystal & Dielectric. The organization has 3828 authors who have published 12614 publications receiving 291025 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the most recent achievements in the experimental and theoretical studies of the non-equilibrium electronic, optical, structural and magnetic properties of correlated materials is presented.
Abstract: In the last two decades, non-equilibrium spectroscopies have evolved from avant-garde studies to crucial tools for expanding our understanding of the physics of strongly correlated materials. The possibility of obtaining simultaneously spectroscopic and temporal information has led to insights that are complementary to (and in several cases beyond) those attainable by studying the matter at equilibrium. Multiple phase transitions and new orders arising from competing interactions are benchmark examples where the interplay among electrons, lattice, and spin dynamics can be disentangled because of the different timescales that characterize the recovery of the initial ground state. The nature of the broken-symmetry phases and of the bosonic excitations that mediate the electronic interactions, eventually leading to superconductivity or other exotic states, can be revealed by observing the sub-picosecond dynamics of impulsively excited states. Recent experimental developments have made possible to monitor the time-evolution of both the single-particle and collective excitations under extreme conditions, such as those arising from strong and selective photo-stimulation. Here, we review the most recent achievements in the experimental and theoretical studies of the non-equilibrium electronic, optical, structural and magnetic properties of correlated materials. The focus will be mainly on the prototypical case of correlated oxides that exhibit unconventional superconductivity or other exotic phases, even though the discussion will extend also to other topical systems. The necessity of extending the actual experimental capabilities and the numerical and analytic tools to microscopically treat the non-equilibrium phenomena beyond the simple phenomenological approaches represents one of the most challenging new frontier in physics.

243 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The freezing process in lead magnesium niobate (PMN) has been investigated by measurements of the frequency-dependent complex dielectric constant and its third harmonic component as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The freezing process in lead magnesium niobate (PMN) has been investigated by measurements of the frequency-dependent complex dielectric constant and its third harmonic component. The linear complex dielectric susceptibility was analyzed by a temperature-frequency plot in order to determine the temperature dependence of the dielectric relaxation spectrum and to identify the freezing temperature. It was found that both the shape of the relaxation spectrum and its temperature behavior in the PMN relaxor show remarkable similarities to dipolar glasses, i.e., the longest relaxation time diverges according to the Vogel-Fulcher law, while the bulk of the distribution of relaxation times remains finite even below the freezing temperature. The frequency and the temperature dependence of the third harmonic susceptibility, similar to the behavior observed in linear dielectric response, indicate that the same underlying relaxation spectrum and therefore the same slowing-down mechanism is controlling both linear and nonlinear dynamic response. The observed splitting between the field-cooled and zero-field-cooled dielectric constant---comparable to the one obtained in spin glasses---effectively demonstrates the occurrence of typical glassy nonergodic behavior in the vicinity of the transition temperature where the ferroelectric phase would appear above a threshold electric field.

239 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review of kinetic and structural data has enabled us to reconsider the definition of substrate binding sites in papain-like cysteine proteases, finding that only three substratebinding sites involve main as well as side chain contacts between substrate and enzyme residues.
Abstract: A review of kinetic and structural data has enabled us to reconsider the definition of substrate binding sites in papain-like cysteine proteases. Only three substrate binding sites, S2, S1 and S1', involve main as well as side chain contacts between substrate and enzyme residues. Interactions between the enzymes and the substrate P3 and P2' residues are based on side chains (an exception is cathepsin B which is a carboxydipeptidase), so their interaction surface spreads over a relatively wide area. The location and definition of substrate binding sites beyond S3 and S2' is even more questionable.

239 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that the exclusion domain originates from a metallo‐protease inhibitor, characterized in people suffering from Haim–Munk and Papillon–Lefevre syndromes, suggests how they disrupt the fold and function of the enzyme.
Abstract: Dipeptidyl peptidase I (DPPI) or cathepsin C is the physiological activator of groups of serine proteases from immune and inflammatory cells vital for defense of an organism. The structure presented shows how an additional domain transforms the framework of a papain-like endopeptidase into a robust oligomeric protease-processing enzyme. The tetrahedral arrangement of the active sites exposed to solvent allows approach of proteins in their native state; the massive body of the exclusion domain fastened within the tetrahedral framework excludes approach of a polypeptide chain apart from its termini; and the carboxylic group of Asp1 positions the N-terminal amino group of the substrate. Based on a structural comparison and interactions within the active site cleft, it is suggested that the exclusion domain originates from a metallo-protease inhibitor. The location of missense mutations, characterized in people suffering from Haim-Munk and Papillon-Lefevre syndromes, suggests how they disrupt the fold and function of the enzyme.

238 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the first positive results on the replacement of electrodeposited nickel on aluminium substrates and hard chrome on soft iron are also reported in the Slovenian automotive industry, where wear and corrosion tests were performed with iron cores, coated with PVD CrN coating.
Abstract: Today the development of clean technologies in all spheres of industrial manufacturing is an essential task, not only for material and metal finishing but also for plasma surface engineering. Among the most critical group of technologies which needs to be replaced by alternative technologies are processes used to produce functional galvanic and decorative coatings. The electroplating of finishes, such as hard chromium, cadmium and nickel in metal finishing is today recognized as a major source of environmental pollution in every country. Therefore wet bath technologies have started to lose favour compared with high performance dry coating methods such as physical vapour deposition (PVD), plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition, chemical vapour deposition and thermal spraying. Among these techniques, the results obtained with PVD coatings in metal cutting and forming in the last 15 years show the most promising solution of the complicated situation in which galvanic coatings seemed to be technologically and economically irreplaceable. In this paper the general situation in this field is shown. Already today it is possible to replace efficiently some of the galvanic processes in specific cases (e.g. Cr, Ni, Cd, Zn, Au). It is important to point out that PVD is considered to be a technique which can provide not only metallic, but also alloyed and ceramic coatings with a virtually unlimited range of chemical composition and therefore controlled protective, mechanical and wear-resistant properties. Entering into competition with galvanic coatings the manufacturers of PVD coaters were confronted with new requirements: a huge quantity of substrates of the same size, to be chemically and plasma cleaned and then coated at the highest possible deposition rate. For industrial mass production one can therefore use only large PVD batch systems or in-line coaters. The alternative for today's low price galvanic coatings is therefore dry and clean PVD technologies, fully supported by legislation on environmental protection. The economics depend directly on the substrate type and the quantity. The first positive results on the replacement of electrodeposited nickel on aluminium substrates and hard chrome on soft iron are also reported here. A soldering test was made on a sputtered nickel layer. Wear and corrosion tests were performed with iron cores, coated with PVD CrN coating. All tests were made in the Slovenian automotive industry. Results show that for a large number of substrates PVD clean technology is already economically competitive with galvanic coatings.

238 citations


Authors

Showing all 3879 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Vladimir Cindro129115782000
Igor Mandić128106579498
Jure Leskovec12747389014
Matej Orešič8235226830
P. Križan7874926408
Jose Miguel Miranda7633618080
Vito Turk7427123205
Andrii Tykhonov7327024864
Masashi Yokoyama7331018817
Kostya Ostrikov7276321442
M. Starič7153019136
Boris Turk6723127006
Bostjan Kobe6627917592
Jure Zupan6122812054
Mario Sannino6028117144
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202331
202268
2021755
2020770
2019653
2018576