Institution
Karagandy State University
Education•Karaganda, Kazakhstan•
About: Karagandy State University is a education organization based out in Karaganda, Kazakhstan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Bronze Age & Luminescence. The organization has 551 authors who have published 471 publications receiving 2646 citations.
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University of Copenhagen1, Paris Diderot University2, Technical University of Denmark3, Leiden University4, University of Cambridge5, Stanford University6, Karagandy State University7, University of Oslo8, Russian Academy of Sciences9, National Academy of Sciences10, Irkutsk State University11, Mongolian State University of Agriculture12, National University of Mongolia13, Tuvan State University14, Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study15, Hashemite University16, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia17, Russian-Armenian (Slavonic) University18, Armenian National Academy of Sciences19, University of Arizona20, Slovak Academy of Sciences21, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague22, University of Gothenburg23, Arizona State University24, University of Alberta25, Paul Sabatier University26, University of California, Berkeley27, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute28
TL;DR: The genomes of 137 ancient and 502 modern human genomes illuminate the population history of the Eurasian steppes after the Bronze Age and document the replacement of Indo-European speakers of West Eurasian ancestry by Turkic-speaking groups of East Asian ancestry.
Abstract: For thousands of years the Eurasian steppes have been a centre of human migrations and cultural change. Here we sequence the genomes of 137 ancient humans (about 1× average coverage), covering a period of 4,000 years, to understand the population history of the Eurasian steppes after the Bronze Age migrations. We find that the genetics of the Scythian groups that dominated the Eurasian steppes throughout the Iron Age were highly structured, with diverse origins comprising Late Bronze Age herders, European farmers and southern Siberian hunter-gatherers. Later, Scythians admixed with the eastern steppe nomads who formed the Xiongnu confederations, and moved westward in about the second or third century bc, forming the Hun traditions in the fourth–fifth century ad, and carrying with them plague that was basal to the Justinian plague. These nomads were further admixed with East Asian groups during several short-term khanates in the Medieval period. These historical events transformed the Eurasian steppes from being inhabited by Indo-European speakers of largely West Eurasian ancestry to the mostly Turkic-speaking groups of the present day, who are primarily of East Asian ancestry. Sequences of 137 ancient and 502 modern human genomes illuminate the population history of the Eurasian steppes after the Bronze Age and document the replacement of Indo-European speakers of West Eurasian ancestry by Turkic-speaking groups of East Asian ancestry.
280 citations
University of Copenhagen1, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute2, University of Cambridge3, Leiden University4, Harvard University5, Technical University of Denmark6, Al-Farabi University7, University of Chicago8, Karagandy State University9, University of Alaska Fairbanks10, Istanbul University11, Hazara University12, University of Gothenburg13, Russian Academy of Sciences14, Gazi University15, Islamia College University16, University of Exeter17, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa18, Irkutsk State University19, University of Alberta20, Paul Sabatier University21, University of California, Berkeley22
TL;DR: Analysis of ancient whole-genome sequences from across Inner Asia and Anatolia shows that the Botai people associated with the earliest horse husbandry derived from a hunter-gatherer population deeply diverged from the Yamnaya, and suggests distinct migrations bringing West Eurasian ancestry into South Asia before and after, but not at the time of, YamNaya culture.
Abstract: The Yamnaya expansions from the western steppe into Europe and Asia during the Early Bronze Age (~3000 BCE) are believed to have brought with them Indo-European languages and possibly horse husbandry. We analyze 74 ancient whole-genome sequences from across Inner Asia and Anatolia and show that the Botai people associated with the earliest horse husbandry derived from a hunter-gatherer population deeply diverged from the Yamnaya. Our results also suggest distinct migrations bringing West Eurasian ancestry into South Asia before and after but not at the time of Yamnaya culture. We find no evidence of steppe ancestry in Bronze Age Anatolia from when Indo-European languages are attested there. Thus, in contrast to Europe, Early Bronze Age Yamnaya-related migrations had limited direct genetic impact in Asia.
273 citations
University of Copenhagen1, Paul Sabatier University2, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan3, University of Cambridge4, Stanford University5, King Saud University6, University of Barcelona7, Hartwick College8, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research9, Deutsches Archäologisches Institut10, Autonomous University of Madrid11, University of Oslo12, National University of Mongolia13, University of Vienna14, University of Mainz15, Tarbiat Modares University16, Spanish National Research Council17, University of Lisbon18, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich19, University of Tehran20, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras21, Pablo de Olavide University22, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences23, Agricultural University of Iceland24, University of Potsdam25, Russian Academy of Sciences26, University of Gothenburg27, Pompeu Fabra University28, Samara State University29, Tallinn University30, Humboldt University of Berlin31, Leibniz Association32, ISCTE – University Institute of Lisbon33, University of Oxford34, Centre national de la recherche scientifique35, Istanbul University36, Tbilisi State University37, University of Bordeaux38, Indian Council of Agricultural Research39, University of Edinburgh40, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg41, University of California, Santa Cruz42, University of Kashan43, University of California, Irvine44, University of Nottingham45, University of Exeter46, Max Planck Society47, University of Zagreb48, Karagandy State University49, University of Southampton50, Al-Farabi University51, deCODE genetics52, Université Paris-Saclay53
TL;DR: This extensive dataset allows us to assess the modern legacy of past equestrian civilizations and finds that two extinct horse lineages existed during early domestication, and the development of modern breeding impacted genetic diversity more dramatically than the previous millennia of human management.
174 citations
University of Cambridge1, Charité2, University of Copenhagen3, Karagandy State University4, University of Arizona5, National University of Mongolia6, Mongolian State University of Agriculture7, National Academy of Sciences8, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague9, Russian Academy of Sciences10, South Ural State University11, Stockholm University12, University of Gothenburg13, Paul Sabatier University14, Technical University of Denmark15, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna16, University of Giessen17, Erasmus University Rotterdam18, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute19
TL;DR: Phylogenies reconstructed using 12 hepatitis B virus genomes, which were recovered from ancient human genome data, reveal a complex history of hepatitis B evolution that is not evident when using only modern samples.
Abstract: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major cause of human hepatitis. There is considerable uncertainty about the timescale of its evolution and its association with humans. Here we present 12 full or partial ancient HBV genomes that are between approximately 0.8 and 4.5 thousand years old. The ancient sequences group either within or in a sister relationship with extant human or other ape HBV clades. Generally, the genome properties follow those of modern HBV. The root of the HBV tree is projected to between 8.6 and 20.9 thousand years ago, and we estimate a substitution rate of 8.04 × 10−6–1.51 × 10−5 nucleotide substitutions per site per year. In several cases, the geographical locations of the ancient genotypes do not match present-day distributions. Genotypes that today are typical of Africa and Asia, and a subgenotype from India, are shown to have an early Eurasian presence. The geographical and temporal patterns that we observe in ancient and modern HBV genotypes are compatible with well-documented human migrations during the Bronze and Iron Ages1,2. We provide evidence for the creation of HBV genotype A via recombination, and for a long-term association of modern HBV genotypes with humans, including the discovery of a human genotype that is now extinct. These data expose a complexity of HBV evolution that is not evident when considering modern sequences alone. Phylogenies reconstructed using 12 hepatitis B virus genomes, which were recovered from ancient human genome data, reveal a complex history of hepatitis B evolution that is not evident when using only modern samples.
148 citations
TL;DR: The contribution of plant foods to the diet of presumed pastoral societies in Kazakhstan has been explored in this paper, where carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis, together with radiocarbon dating, was carried out on human and animal bones from 25 Chalcolithic, Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, Hunic and Turkic sites across Kazakhstan.
82 citations
Authors
Showing all 563 results
| Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Boris F. Minaev | 42 | 241 | 6095 |
| Igor V. Koptyug | 41 | 235 | 5568 |
| Renad Z. Sagdeev | 29 | 206 | 2984 |
| V. G. Neudatchin | 20 | 89 | 1448 |
| Yu. M. Tchuvil’sky | 13 | 71 | 566 |
| Emma Usmanova | 12 | 17 | 926 |
| Gregory Derfel | 12 | 34 | 533 |
| N. Kh. Ibrayev | 8 | 69 | 227 |
| K. M. Turdybekov | 7 | 98 | 216 |
| Mikhail M. Tokarev | 6 | 7 | 227 |
| Niyazbek Ibrayev | 6 | 26 | 128 |
| Evgeniya Seliverstova | 6 | 44 | 121 |
| Victor Varfolomeev | 6 | 7 | 376 |
| Sergey A. Beznosyuk | 6 | 44 | 159 |
| M.I. Ramazanov | 6 | 27 | 114 |