Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz

About: Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz is a education organization based out in Bydgoszcz, Poland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Luminescence. The organization has 1109 authors who have published 2923 publications receiving 19548 citations. The organization is also known as: Casimir the Great University & Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy.

Influence of various yeast strains and selected starchy raw materials on production of higher alcohols during the alcoholic fermentation process

Abstract: The formation of volatile by-products during alcoholic fermentation is affected by many factors such as the type of yeast strain applied, technological parameters of the process and the raw material used as the main constituent of the fermentation medium. The influence of availability of sugars released by the plant polysaccharide hydrolysis on the concentration of higher alcohols during the fermentation process was analyzed. Significant differences in the starch hydrolysis dynamics for various raw materials, entailing changes in availability of sugars such as glucose, maltose, maltotriose and maltotetraose, are reported. The highest glucose concentration after the mashing process (93.8 ± 3.8 mg cm−3) was observed for the maize mash (as compared to that of the rye and amaranth mashes, 24.9 ± 0.9 and 46.9 ± 2.5 mg cm−3, respectively). The highest glucose content in the maize mash resulted in a significantly higher isobutanol and 2-methyl-1-butanol content at the initial stage of fermentation, irrespective of the yeast strain used (D-2 or As-4). The highest final total content of fusel alcohols (ca. 5,460 mg dm−3 EtOH, on average) was also found in the distillates produced from the maize mash. However, the concentration of higher alcohols in the rye and amaranth distillates was similar and reached the level of ca. 3,440 mg dm−3 EtOH, on average. It is shown that the polysaccharide hydrolysis rate, and hence the rate at which fermenting sugars are released, significantly affects the concentration of higher alcohols in the produced distillates.

Contribution to the taxonomy of Pinus uncinata (Pinaceae) based on cone characters

Abstract: Eight natural populations of Pinus uncinata Ramond from the Spanish Pyrenees, five of P. mugo Turra from the Carpathians, the Sudethians and Abruzzian Apennines, three of P. sylvestris L. from the Central-European Lowland and the Iberian Peninsula and one of P. uliginosa Neumann from SW Poland have been compared biometrically in 16 cone characters. P. uncinata appears the most distant from all other taxa, differing by having the largest and most asymmetric cones and the thickest apophyses with the most prominent umbo. In cone characters, P. mugo is more similar to P. sylvestris than to P. uncinata. Nevertheless, P. mugo and P. sylvestris remain distant from each other in a number of morphological characters examined. P. uliginosa has cones intermediate between the other three taxa and is moreover very variable. The locality of P. uliginosa in the Silesian Lowland may be of a relict character and conserve genes from P. uncinata.

Surface morphology studies of laser irradiated and chemically metalized polyamide composites

Abstract: Most of polymers need surface treatment prior to be electroless metalized. Conventionally, polymer substrates are cleaned with solvents to remove surface contaminants, then chemically etched to obtain a micro-roughened oxidized surface, and finally seeded with a catalyst such as palladium. In this work, the method consisting in compositional and physical modifications of polyamide (PA6) was applied. Granulated PA6 was mechanically mixed with copper oxide and copper acetylacetonate powders and glass fibers, then extruded and injection molded to produce samples. The samples were irradiated with ArF excimer laser pulses (λ = 193 nm) and electroless metalized by the use of commercial metallization bath and formaldehyde as a reducing agent. Examinations presented in this work focus on studies of laser induced changes in surface morphology of the prepared samples, as well as on the surface morphology of copper layers deposited on these samples.

Bees of xerothermic swards in the lower Vistula valley: diversity and zoogeographic analyses (Hymenoptera:Apoidea:Apiformes)

Abstract: . In xerothermic swards and thickets at 17 research sites in the lower Vistula valley (N Poland), 253 species of bees (Apiformes) were recorded. Southern and southeastern species (Ponto-Mediterranean, Pontic and Mediterranean) accounted for 20% of all recorded species. Substantial differences in species composition, diversity, and dominance structure were found between research sites and also between small plots (about 3 ha each) within one reserve. A discussion of the origin of the fauna of the study area suggests that the migratory route along the Vistula river from the Podolye refuge (W Ukraine) probably played a major role, beside two other routes: along the Torun-Eberswalde Proglacial Valley from Germany and across the Moravian Gate from the south. A northward decrease in diversity of southern and southeastern species was confirmed.