Showing papers by "KCG College of Technology published in 2015"

Analysis of statistical texture features for automatic lung cancer detection in PET/CT images

Abstract: Lung cancer is the most prevalent cancer and is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide The overall survival rate of lung cancer patients is only 14% Lives of cancer patients can be saved if the cancer is detected in the initial stages Positron Emission Tomography / Computed Tomography (PET/CT) is the preferred imaging modality in cancer detection with improved diagnostic accuracy due to the integration of functional (PET) and anatomical (CT) information into a single scan Although PET/CT is advantageous over other modalities, visual inspection of these images may be an error prone task, as it is difficult to distinguish between background tissues and lung nodules and subject to inter and intra observer variability Therefore, computational systems are essential to assist radiologists in the elucidation of images and accurate diagnosis This paper aims at developing a methodology for automatic detection of lung cancer from PET/CT images Image pre-processing methods such as Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) and Wiener filtering were performed to remove the artifacts due to contrast variations and noise Lung region of interest (ROI) were extracted from images using morphological operators Haralick statistical texture features were preferred as they extract more texture information from the cancer regions than the visual assessment Fuzzy C means (FCM) clustering was used to classify the regions as normal or abnormal The proposed method was carried out using PET/CT images of lung cancer patients and implemented using MATLAB The performance of the proposed methodology was evaluated using Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve The proposed method provides better classification and cancer detection with an overall accuracy of 9267%

A fixed bed column study for the removal of Pb2+ ions by watermelon rind

Abstract: The present study reports the feasibility of removing Pb2+ ions from aqueous solution using watermelon rind (WR) as a low cost adsorbent. Fixed bed column studies were employed to study the removal efficiency of Pb2+ ions by varying the column parameters such as flow rate, bed height and initial metal ion concentration. The results showed that breakthrough and exhaustion time increases with a decrease in flow rate, inlet concentration, and an increasing bed height. The breakthrough curves obtained were analyzed with Adams–Bohart, Thomas and Yoon–Nelson models. On comparison of the R2 values, both the Thomas and Yoon–Nelson models were found to have a better fit than the Adams–Bohart model and these two models can be used to predict the adsorption of Pb2+ ions in a fixed bed column. Desorption of Pb2+ ions on WR was repeated for three cycles in 0.1 M HCl solution. The loading capacity of WR was compared with other adsorbents and was found to be high. These results show that watermelon rind, a non-hazardous agro waste, can be successfully employed for the elimination of Pb2+ ions from aqueous solution.

Influence of different cooling methods on drill temperature in drilling GFRP

Abstract: Drilling of composite materials is difficult to carry out due to their anisotropic and non-homogenous structure and the high abrasiveness of their reinforced constituent. This results in high temperature during drilling, leading to rapid wear development in the cutting tool. The present work investigates the drilling of glass fibre-reinforced polymer composites with TiN/TiAlN-coated carbide drills on a computer numerical control (CNC) lathe for different cooling conditions. The objective of this work is to study the influence of different cooling conditions on drill bit temperature and drill bit wear. The signal to noise (S/N) ratio and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were employed to analyse the effect of cooling condition on drilling parameters. A linear polynomial model was developed using multiple regression analysis between drilling parameters and cooling condition with the drill bit temperature to represent the fitness characteristics. The workpiece made of GFRP is machined, and temperature is monitored during dry drilling, internal coolant and external coolant. The temperature of drill bit was measured by PFA Teflon-coated K (Chromega-Alomega) type thermocouples. From the analysis, it is evident that a linear multiple regression models developed to relate the cutting temperature with drilling parameters are with a minimum error of ±7 %. Internal coolant method reduces the average temperature by 76 % compared with dry drilling and 66 % compared with external coolant method. The reduction in tool temperature reduces the flank wear and increases the tool life by 43.75 % compared with dry drilling and 25 % compared with external coolant method.

One-step, low-temperature fabrication of CdS quantum dots by watermelon rind: a green approach

Abstract: We investigated the one-step synthesis of CdS nanoparticles via green synthesis that used aqueous extract of watermelon rind as a capping and stabilizing agent. Preliminary phytochemical analysis depicted the presence of carbohydrates which can act as capping and stabilizing agents. Synthesized CdS nanoparticles were characterized using UV-visible, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, EDX, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy techniques. The CdS nanoparticles were found to be size- and shape-controlled and were stable even after 3 months of synthesis. The results suggest that watermelon rind, an agro-waste, can be used for synthesis of CdS nanoparticles without any addition of stabilizing and capping agents.

Preparation and characterization of cefditoren pivoxil-loaded liposomes for controlled in vitro and in vivo drug release

Abstract: Background The application of antibiotics has been limited due to weak biodistribution and pharmacokinetics. Encapsulation of these drugs in lipid vesicles might be a good solution for obtaining the required properties. Liposomes are one of the most suitable drug-delivery systems to deliver the drug to the target organ and minimize the distribution of the drug to non-target tissues.

Isochronous Liénard-type nonlinear oscillators of arbitrary dimensions

Abstract: In this paper, we briefly present an overview of the recent developments made in identifying/generating systems of Lienard-type nonlinear oscillators exhibiting isochronous properties, including linear, quadratic and mixed cases and their higher-order generalizations. There exists several procedures/methods in the literature to identify/generate isochronous systems. The application of local as well as nonlocal transformations and Ω-modified Hamiltonian method in identifying and generating systems exhibiting isochronous properties of arbitrary dimensions is also discussed in detail. The identified oscillators include singular and nonsingular Hamiltonian systems and PT-symmetric systems.

Water Quality Improvements in Soil Aquifer Treatment (SAT) Simulated Soil Columns

Abstract: Artificial recharge of Aquifers with treated wastewater is one of the most promising techniques for its reuse. Usually laboratory and pilot scale field studies are conducted for investigating the feasibility of wastewater recharge for any aquifer. The addition of sand to the local soil can improve the performance of the Soil Aquifer Treatment (SAT) process. Thus, a laboratory study was conducted to investigate the effect of sand amendment with local Sandy Clay Loam (SCL) texture soil collected from Anna University Sewage Treatment Plant (STP), Chennai, India. Four 35 cm long PVC soil columns were fabricated and were filled with 5 % (R5), 10 % (R10), 15 % (R15) and 20 % (R20) sand amended soil. The experiments were run simultaneously for a period of ten cycles with 3 days wet/4 days dry cycles. Water samples were collected at the outlet of the columns and analysed for TDS, ammonia, nitrite and nitrates. The removal of ammonia was through nitrification process which was found to be a dominant removal mechanism of nitrogen. When reduction performance achieved with different sand amendment columns were compared, it could be seen that R10 column yielded with least nitrate value of 0.69 and 1.57 mg/l after 1st and 3rd wetting day.

Experimental and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Study of Glazed Three Dimensional PV/T Solar Panel with Air Cooling

Abstract: The thermal performances of photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) flat plate panel were determined under 500–1000 W/m2 solar radiation levels. In the present work, fluid flow analysis and temperature distribution on solar panel has been carried out by experimental method and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) technique. The experiments have been carried out on clear days during the month April 2014. The geometric model for CFD analysis is generated using Solidworks. Mesh generation is accomplished by ANSYS Meshing Software. Physics setup, computation and post processing are accomplished by ANSYS FLUENT. The experimentally measured temperatures are compared to the temperatures determined by the CFD model and found to be in good agreement. It is also found that the difference between the experimental and CFD simulated outlet temperature differ only by less than 3.5°C.

A case study on effective consumption of energy using sensor based switching system

Abstract: Energy is very important in the entire process of evolution, growth and survival of the world. The increasing energy demand has an adverse effect on the environment and also an increasing pressure for a government. For a developing country like India, the energy criterion decides the growth of the country. Being the third largest power producer in the world, energy demand and scarcity rules the country. Energy demand in our country is increasing exponentially. Energy conservation can be the best solution for the raising energy demand. Energy conservation is reducing the energy consumption by using less of an energy service. One of the important ways of to improve the energy conservation is energy audit. Energy conservation without compromising the usage is a great task. The paper focuses on the importance of energy conservation by considering the loads of a class room of an educational institution and considering the energy consumed by the present loads and recommending energy efficient appliances and an efficient yet simple sensor based model to reduce the energy consumption and comparing the results.

Enhanced Candidate Generation for Frequent Item Set Generation

Abstract: Frequent item sets is one of the most investigated fields of data mining. The significant feature is to find new techniques to reduce candidate item sets in order to generate frequent item sets efficiently. This paper introduces an efficient algorithm called Enhanced Candidate Generation for Frequent item set Generation (ECG for FIG) for finding frequent item sets from large databases. The existing algorithm for frequent item set generation scan the original database more than once, use more storage space, take more processing time. The proposed algorithm gives a solution to this by representing the transactions in the database with decimal numbers instead of binary values and strings. The original database is scanned only once and is converted into an equivalent decimal value to reduce the storage space. The subset generation concept is used to generate frequent item sets. Thus the proposed algorithm reduces the scanning time, processing time and the storage space respectively. When compared with the existing algorithms, the proposed algorithm takes very less execution time and memory. When implemented the algorithm using java and tested with WEKA tool, for 400 transactions of twenty five items, ECG for FIG is taking only 800 bytes of memory and 2000000000 ns (two seconds), whereas all the other above mentioned algorithms are taking 20800 bytes of memory and more than two seconds.

Runtime buffer management to improve the performance in irregular Network-on-Chip architecture

Abstract: This paper presents a heterogeneous adaptable router to reduce latency in irregular mesh Network-on-Chip (NoC) architectures. Regular mesh-based NoC architecture may become irregular due to variable sized IPs and needs new routing algorithms to ensure throughput. Therefore, an irregular NoC mesh is considered and an adaptive algorithm is used for routing. The performance measures such as throughput, latency, and bandwidth are defined at design time to guarantee the performance of NoC. However, if the application has to change its communication pattern, parameters set at design time (say buffer size) may result in large area and power consumption or increased latency. Routers with large input buffers improve the efficiency of NoC communication, but they incur excessive power dissipation and hardware overheads. Routers with small buffers reduce power consumption, but result in high latency. In the proposed NoC router, input buffers can be dynamically allocated, thereby, latency can be reduced. In a 4 × 4 irregular mesh NoC with a buffer depth of 4 slots, 20% reduction in latency and 9% increase in throughput are attained using dynamic buffer allocation. An 8 × 8 irregular mesh NoC with the proposed router is exposed to the synthetic traffics like uniform, bit complement, tornado and hotspot traffics and it offered a 30.42% reduction in overall average latency and 18.33% increase in overall saturation throughput. The proposed router outperformed the static router by 22.63% less average latency for E3S benchmark applications. For the same performance, maximum of 55% reduction in buffer requirement and 53% less power consumption is achieved.

Investigating the fluctuations in tool vibration during GFRP drilling through recurrence quantification analysis

Abstract: Glass fiber-reinforced polymers (GFRPs) are a unique class of materials in machining because unlike metals, they are not homogeneous. Given the inhomogeneous and anisotropic nature of composite materials, their machining behavior differs in many respects from that of metal machining. With metallic materials, the cutting force is uniform during drilling. Given GFRPs, drill bits are subject to variable cutting forces, whose responses to machining vary significantly. During GFRP drilling, heavy vibration is undesirable and results in rapid tool wear. The cutting condition can be controlled effectively to avoid heavy vibration by applying the appropriate cutting parameters. Hence, the most suitable cutting condition must be selected for proper process control. This study investigates the influence of vibration as a result of changes in cutting condition, drill diameter, and the number of holes. This influence is continuously monitored by the vibration signals generated during GFRP drilling with a TiN/TiALN-coated carbide drill bit. Experiments were conducted on a computer numerical control milling machine. The input parameters used for various cutting conditions were spindle speed and feed. The vibration signal was measured with an accelerometer, and its fluctuations were examined by a non-linear technique called recurrence quantification analysis (RQA). The influence of these fluctuations on vibration and their effect on tool life were also determined using RQA parameters. These parameters include percent recurrence, percent determinism, and percent laminarity. They have been used to study the effect of continuous fluctuations in vibration signals during drilling. This study confirmed that the RQA technique has potential for use in the investigation of a dynamical system.

Effect of Nature of Surfactant on the Formation of β-Ag2Se Nanoparticles and Optical Properties of β-Ag2Se and ZnS/β-Ag2Se Nanocomposite

Abstract: Surfactant assisted synthetic route was followed to prepare silver selenide (β-Ag2Se) nanoparticles. The effect of three different surfactants viz., Triton X100, SDS and CTAB in the formation of silver selenide nanoparticles had been examined. Pure and crystalline β-Ag2Se nanophase was obtained in the presence of Triton X100 and SDS. However, the presence of CTAB leads to metallic silver formation. Nano Composite of β-Ag2Se and ZnS was fabricated in the presence of glycine as a molecular linker. The products were characterized by different techniques such as XRD, FT-IR, SEM and TEM. Room temperature photoluminescence spectrum of the ZnS/ β-Ag2Se nanocomposite exhibited two emission peaks at around 286 nm and 392 nm with enhanced intensity (lex = 250 nm).

Structural and Thermochemical Analysis of Nano-Boric Acid

Abstract: Scientists at the US Department of Energys Argonne National Laboratory have begun to combine nanoparticles of boric acidknown primarily as a mild antiseptic and eye cleanserwith traditional motor oils in order to improve their lubricity and by doing so increase energy efficiency. In laboratory tests, these new boric acid suspensions have reduced by as much as two-thirds the energy lost through friction as heat. This could result in a four or five percent reduction in fuel consumption. Reducing the size of the particles solved a number of old problems and opened up a number of new possibilities. Boric acid owes its lubricious properties to its unique natural structure. The compound consists of a stack of crystallized layers in which the atoms tightly adhere to each other. However, these layers stack themselves relatively far apart, so that the intermolecular bonds (van der Waals forces) are comparatively weak. When stressed, the compounds layers smear and slide over one another easily, like a strewn deck of playing cards. The strong bonding within each layer prevents direct contact between sliding parts, lowering friction and minimizing wear. In our presentation it is proposed to carry out computational studies on boric acid. Their structural parameters, thermal chemistry, SCF energy and electronic structure would be presented.

Implementation of multiple-input multiple-output switched-capacitor resonant DC-DC converter using double, half and inverting circuits

Abstract: Due to increasing demands, Multi-port dc-dc converters with high-voltage gain have been researched thoroughly. In recent years, these converters are widely used in automotive and photovoltaic systems. The Portable consumer products consist of different submodules and they require various voltage or/and current levels of supplies. The main objective of this paper is to simulate and implement a level shifting multiple input voltage copiers. The copier includes five different circuits. This converter can be used to copy and shift the input voltage. With lesser number of component counts, the cost is reduced considerably and the overall efficiency is increased. The double, half and inverting circuits are to be studied to implement this dc-dc converter while summation and subtraction have been presented before. Each level circuit includes only seven electronic components therefore ensure the simplicity and reliability of the voltage copier. The switching losses are to be reduced by resonant switching. In this paper, a voltage copier circuit with high efficiency is proposed which minimize the current stress and the pulsation current which are found in the classical circuits. Simulation results verify the performance of the voltage copier and the proposed method. The circuit is simulated in MATLAB Simulink.