Showing papers by "Keele University published in 1974"
TL;DR: In an attempt to provide a unified hypothesis to account for the various aspects of oriented cellulose fibril synthesis it is proposed that plasmalemma located cellulose synthetase enzyme complexes are free to move in the plane of the membrane.
203 citations
181 citations
01 Jan 1974
TL;DR: This paper will attempt to emphasise the relevant properties of single fibres in the mammalian cochlear nerve, and to consider some of the factors determining them.
Abstract: ‘Frequency selectivity’ denotes the ability of the auditory system to resolve or separate out the individual frequency components of a complex signal. Accumulating evidence (summarised in detail elsewhere: Evans & Wilson, 1973; Evans 1974c) has led to the working hypothesis that the frequency selectivity of the auditory system is already determined at the level of the cochlear nerve by the filtering properties of the cochlea. This paper will attempt to emphasise some of the relevant properties of single fibres in the mammalian cochlear nerve, and to consider some of the factors determining them.
91 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis of the time-series of large-scale transverse forms in the Fraser River, Canada, indicates that the small forms, which here abruptly arise on the backs of large ones on the recession, are able during the flood to evolve back into the large forms.
90 citations
88 citations
TL;DR: In the deuteranope, visual signals elicited by red and green checks converge before the site of physiological responses to contrast, so a pure brightness channel, if such exists, would not contain a contrast-sensitive mechanism.
83 citations
72 citations
54 citations
TL;DR: Trifluoropropyl, heptafluorsopentyl, and pentafluorophenyl groups substituted into silyl ethers of sterols provide stable and volatile derivatives useful in the gas chromatography of sterol as discussed by the authors.
44 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the spectral sensitivity curves for the red-sensitive and green-sensitive channels of human pattern vision were determined by measuring brain activity electrophysiologically, and it was shown that the human visual system handles red patterns in parallel with green and blue patterns.
Abstract: LIGHT striking the eye is absorbed by three types of pigment preferentially sensitive to either red, green or blue light. The resulting neurophysiological signals are ultimately pooled before they activate the neural mechanism that underlies the perception of photometric brightness. On the other hand, the role of colour might be different when viewing coloured scenes containing fine detail (pattern vision) compared with standard photometric stimulus fields; colour signals may not be pooled as when perceiving brightness1,2. There is evidence that the human visual system handles red patterns in parallel with green and blue patterns1,2. I have attempted to determine spectral sensitivity curves for the red-sensitive and green-sensitive channels of human pattern vision. This was done objectively by measuring brain activity electrophysiologically.
43 citations
01 Jan 1974
TL;DR: This correspondence argues that a general-purpose goal-pursuing information system, equipped to represent the structure of its world in terms of conditional constraints on action and the planning of action, would automatically show signs of ``tacit knowledge.
Abstract: The term ``tacit knowing'' has been much used to denote certain aspects of human knowledge that are only partly verbalizable. The claim which it presupposes, that ``we know more than we can tell,'' has sometimes been taken to imply that mechanistic approaches to the understanding or simulation of human thought are in principle foredoomed to failure. This correspondence argues that a general-purpose goal-pursuing information system, equipped to represent the structure of its world in terms of conditional constraints on action and the planning of action, would automatically show signs of ``tacit knowledge.'' Examples are cited ofmechanistic principles (including the use of interactive elements that combine digital and analog information processing) which would lend themselves to the operation of such a system and would be able to handle information unverbalizable by the system itself. It is suggested that programs seeking to simulate only introspectively verbalizable thinking are methodologically inadequate to represent the full range of human intelligence.
Patent•
06 May 1974TL;DR: An anti-siphon fluid tank adaptor was proposed in this paper to prevent the insertion of a siphoning tube while still permitting rapid filling of the tank, which consisted of an extension firmly secured to the tank and a tubular sleeve firmly welded to the extension and having an end portion within the tank covered with a conically shaped member.
Abstract: An anti-siphon fluid tank adaptor to prevent the insertion of a siphoning tube while nonetheless permitting rapid filling of the tank. The adaptor comprises an extension firmly secured to the tank and a tubular sleeve firmly welded to the extension and having an end portion within the tank covered with a conically-shaped member. The sleeve is provided with several holes about the circumference of the sleeve and one end of the extension is provided with means for receiving a cap for closing the entire adaptor.
TL;DR: For a given direction of movement in depth, different sensitivity curves were obtained for targets located in front of and behind the plane of binocular fixation, however, depth sensitivities were similar for pulses directed from either location towards the fixation plane or away from the plane.
TL;DR: The ultrastructure of the cuticle of 11 species of British lumbricids is described and the possible role of these regularly arranged structures as factors in the orientation of the collagen fibre unit filaments is discussed.
Abstract: The ultrastructure of the cuticle of 11 species of British lumbricids is described. The number of unbanded collagenous fibre layers varies with the species and is roughly proportional to the size of the adult worm. Four zones are discernible in the cuticle matrix in all species except E. foetida where the outermost zone shows subdivision.
Microvilli, cytoplasmic extensions from the epithelial surface, occur. The “long” and “short” microvilli of other workers are shown to be different views of the same structure. The microvilli have an ovoid base with the two poles forming low shoulders on either side of the ascending microvillus. The bases are oriented at right-angles to the longitudinal axis of the worm and the microvilli are arranged in regular staggered rows along the same axis. Details of the spatial alignment of the microvilli are given and the possible role of these regularly arranged structures as factors in the orientation of the collagen fibre unit filaments is discussed, and it is speculated that they might also have some proprioceptive function.
Distally the microvilli terminate among the surface epicuticular projections and are shown to give rise to them. The epicuticular projections are peanut-shell shaped with a distinct substructure consisting of a 8 nm electron dense lining and two parallel dense discs, each 8 nm deep, above the “waist”.
The mucous cell pores are lined with electron pale microfibrillar material and at the base of the pore a circlet of 13–15 short microvilli, with prominent tonofilaments, arises from the cytoplasm of the mucous cell. Surrounding the pore microvilli are numerous, small, membrane bound mucous pore particles.
TL;DR: It was found that the classification of vowel sounds is influenced by the rhythm of sounds in a precursive sequence, especially if the duration of these vowels lies in the region between the normal durations of “short” and “long” vowels.
Abstract: The duration of a vowel sound can influence the way in which it is categorized by listeners, especially if the formant frequencies are such as to render the identity of the vowel ambiguous. It is possible, however, that the durations of speech sounds are not perceived absolutely but, rather, relative to the durations of the sounds which precede them. An experiment has been performed to test this hypothesis. It was found that the classification of vowel sounds is influenced by the rhythm of sounds in a precursive sequence, especially if the duration of these vowels lies in the region between the normal durations of “short” and “long” vowels.
TL;DR: In this paper, the lateglacial deposits from two kettleholes at Glanllynnau, Caernarvonshire, are described and the lithological units and their stratigraphical relationships are discussed.
Abstract: SUMMARY Late-glacial deposits from two kettleholes at Glanllynnau, Caernarvonshire, are described and the lithological units and their stratigraphical relationships are discussed. The pollen analytical procedure and the method of zonation are outlined. The characteristics of each pollen assemblage zone are described, and a correlation is made between pollen zones and lithostratigraphic units: the environmental implications are stated. An attempt is made to determine the relative pollen concentration within each pollen zone/lithological type, in order to assess the relevance of statements deduced from the Blelham Bog comparison of absolute and percentage pollen data (Pennington and Bonny, 1970). The pollen record at Glanllynnau is interpreted in terms of (i) the terrestrial vegetation history, and (ii) the aquatic vegetation and palaeoecology of the sites. The significance of the Glanllynnau 14C dates is examined and a brief comparison is made with similarly dated lithostratigraphic horizons at other British sites. The inconsistency between the coleopteran and floral evidence for the beginning of the Late-glacial interstadial at Glanllynnau is noted, but no explanation can be given. The status of the Bolling-Aller6d interval is also considered.
TL;DR: In this article, a critic claims that the theist cannot take this horn, for God cannot make bad actions good. But the critic does not address the question of whether a man's duty is to conform to the announced will of God.
Abstract: For a theist, a man's duty is to conform to the announced will of God. Yet a theist who makes this claim about duty is faced with a traditional dilemma first stated in Plato's Euthyphro—are actions which are obligatory, obligatory because God makes them so (e.g. by commanding men to do them), or does God urge us to do them because they are obligatory anyway? To take the first horn of this dilemma is to claim that God can of his free choice make any action obligatory or non-obligatory (or make it obligatory not to do some action). The critic claims that the theist cannot take this horn, for God cannot make bad actions good.
TL;DR: The research on programmed instruction in the light of B. F. Skinner's 1954 clarion call to educationalists is examined, and the widening scope of programmed instruction is revealed.
Abstract: This article examines the research on programmed instruction in the light of B. F. Skinner's 1954 clarion call to educationalists. In doing this the widening scope of programmed instruction is revealed, and the article concludes by indicating some of the areas of controversy in programmed instruction today. “ There is a simple job to be done. The task can be stated in concrete terms. The necessary techniques are known. Nothing stands in the way but cultural inertia.” B. F. Skinner (1954).
TL;DR: In this article, the enthalpy of the reaction was determined as Δ H 298 =−155.8±8.0 kJ·mol −1, from solution calorimetry.
TL;DR: In this paper, the enthalpies of the overall decomposition reactions CoX 2 L 2 (c) → CoX2 (c)+2L(g) and of the intermediate stepwise loss of ligand, L, where X is Cl or Br, and L is 3-chloropyridine, 3-bromopyrine, 2-methoxypyridine (2-chloropeyridine), 2-chloropyropyridine and 2-methylpyridine have been measured using a differential scanning calorimeter.
TL;DR: In this paper, the increase in electrical resistance of a metal film owing to the chemisorption of a gas has been studied for the systems O 2 /Ti, O 2/Er, CO/Ti and CO/Er.
TL;DR: A comparison study of the effectiveness of an article set in the old and in the revised typographical format of Programmed Learning and Educational Technology indicated no significant differences in terms of reading speed, comprehension, scanning scores or preferences.
01 Sep 1974-International Journal of Human-computer Studies \/ International Journal of Man-machine Studies
TL;DR: A system for synthesizing speech from a phonetic input that converts a string of phonetic symbols representing the sentence to be uttered into the control signals required by a parametric speech synthesizer using a small digital computer is described.
Abstract: A system for synthesizing speech from a phonetic input is described. A string of phonetic symbols representing the sentence to be uttered is transformed into the control signals required by a parametric speech synthesizer using a small digital computer. The performance of the system was investigated by listening tests. In the first set of experiments consonant-vowel syllables were synthesized, and presented to listeners for identification. The vowels were readily identified, but the fricatives less so. In the second set of experiments the intelligibility of synthesized sentences was examined. It was found that after about an hour of transcribing the sentences, listeners identified about 90% of the words correctly.