Showing papers by "Keele University published in 1980"
TL;DR: It was noted that the distribution of DR antigens in the hydralazine-SLE patients was significantly different from that in the group with idiopathic SLE, which supports the view that the syndromes are separate entities.
361 citations
TL;DR: Manipulations of the local and global correspondences between pictures included motion phenomena such as reversed apparent movement; a four-stroke oscillatory cycle which gave an illusion of continuous motion in one direction; edges defined by texture, stereoscopic depth, or flicker, kinetic edges; and wave motion.
Abstract: When two similar pictures, overlapping but slightly displaced, were projected on a screen in alternation, apparent movement could be seen. How similar must successive pictures be to give apparent movement? This is the 'correspondence problem'. Manipulations of the local and global correspondences between pictures included motion phenomena such as reversed apparent movement; a four-stroke oscillatory cycle which gave an illusion of continuous motion in one direction; edges defined by texture, stereoscopic depth, or flicker, kinetic edges; and wave motion. It was concluded that human motion perception may comprise two separate mechanisms. Local point-by-point correlations between pictures are detected by a relatively peripheral system, probably based on directionally selective neural units. More subtle global correspondences are analysed by a more cognitive system which extracts edges before it processes motion.
352 citations
TL;DR: These findings support the view of Kemp that the phenomena of acoustic re-emission, threshold fine-structure, and tinnitus are interrelated and originate within the cochlea.
260 citations
TL;DR: The term "introspective psychology" is misleading in that it covers a variety of diverging positions on the theory and practice of introspection as discussed by the authors, and there was a basic discrepancy between the British and the German philosophic tradition, w77th the former relying more exclusively on introspection than the latter.
Abstract: The term “introspective psychology” is misleading in that it covers a variety of diverging positions on the theory and practice of introspection. From the beginning there was a basic discrepancy between the British and the German philosophic tradition, w77th the former relying more exclusively on introspection than the latter. Wilhelm Wundt's advocacy and use of introspection was extremely circumscribed and essentially limited to simple judgments tied to external stimulation. During the first decade of the twentieth century some experimental psychologists, notably E. B. Titchener and the Wurzburg School, greatly enlarged the scope of introspection, ushering in the brief vogue of “systematic introspection.” The latter never gained wide support in North America and was supplanted in Germany by developments that do not constitute “introspective psychology” in any precise sense.
212 citations
TL;DR: In order to approach some of the problems suggested by the presence of two genes for EF-Tu in Escherichia coli, the nucleotide sequence of tufB and its genetic surroundings is determined and comparison with the known amino acid sequence of EF- Tu is compared.
200 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a field study investigated the relationship of work demands experienced by 85 male senior administrators of correctional institutions and the well-being of their spouses and found that wives whose husbands reported greater occupational demands reported less marital and life satisfaction, decreased social participation, and increased psychosomatic symptoms and negative feeling states.
Abstract: This field study investigated the relationship of work demands experienced by 85 male senior administrators of correctional institutions and the well-being of their spouses. Data were collected by means of questionnaires completed independently by the husbands and their wives. The results indicated that wives whose husbands reported greater occupational demands reported (1) less marital and life satisfaction, (2) decreased social participation, and (3) increased psychosomatic symptoms and negative feeling states. In no case was wives' well-being enhanced as a function of increased occupational demands on husbands. Job demands thus had an influence beyond the workplace and into the lives of their spouses. The interaction between work and nonwork experiences for the quality of individual's lives and the interdependence of husband and wife in this regard require further consideration.
186 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a single machine sequencing problem is considered in which each job has a release date, a processing time and a delivery time, and the objective is to find a sequence of jobs which minimizes the time by which all jobs are delivered.
Abstract: The single machine sequencing problem is considered in which each job has a release date, a processing time and a delivery time. The objective is to find a sequence of jobs which minimizes the time by which all jobs are delivered. A heuristic is presented which never deviates by more than 50% from the optimum.
164 citations
TL;DR: Multilamellar liposomes, some identical in composition to those used in reported in vivo studies on the uptake of orally administered insulin, were tested in vitro for their stability in the presence of bile salts, pancreatic lipase, and variations in pH to find those composed of distearoyl phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol were suitable for use in the oral administration of therapeutic agents.
156 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a modified ion flow tube is described for the study of the reactions of C2Hx+ ions with HCN, which eliminates the complications encountered with attempts to study some of these reactions with the flowing afterglow technique.
151 citations
TL;DR: Analysis of local medical systems should be carried out in a way that demonstrates the articulation of customs at the local level with ideological, political and economic systems at national and international levels, reflecting a broad vision of the goals of anthropology.
129 citations
01 Dec 1980-Journal of Comparative Physiology A-neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology
TL;DR: It is concluded that their characterization as detectors of diffuse temporal luminance gradients makes visual SCN neurones particularly suitable for their function in the photic entrainment of circadian rhythms.
Abstract: 1.
Responses of single neurones in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) were recorded in the anaesthetized rat and cat. Visual SCN units in both species were predominantly present in the caudal half of the nucleus. The large majority could be classified as either tonically suppressed or tonically activated according to whether an increase in diffuse adaptation luminance respectively decreased or increased their mean discharge rate.
2.
For both the cell types the maintained discharge at different luminance levels was a monotonically decreasing or increasing function over a large range of light intensities. In both species the threshold for luminance-dependent maintained discharge was high (>−1 log cd·m−2). The observation of either cell type was independent of the phase of the circadian cycle but it was not established whether the same held true for the intensity-response relations.
3.
A small proportion of suppressed cells in the rat SCN reflected the state of retinal adaptation in their firing rate. After light adaptation these cells attained their steady state dark discharge only very slowly.
4.
The receptive fields of cat SCN cells tended to be large (> 20°) without a clear antagonistic centre-surround organization. It is proposed that the receptive fields of SCN are the result of the convergence of retinal input from tonic W-cells.
5.
It is concluded that their characterization as detectors of diffuse temporal luminance gradients makes visual SCN neurones particularly suitable for their function in the photic entrainment of circadian rhythms. This functional specialization is probably common to both the direct retinofugal projection and the indirect visual projection via the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus to the SCN.
TL;DR: The dynamic ranges of cochlear nerve fibres in cats were determined automatically and were related to the fibres' rates of spontaneous activity, in both pooled data and data from individual co chlear nerves.
Abstract: The dynamic ranges of cochlear nerve fibres in cats were determined automatically and were related to the fibres' rates of spontaneous activity, in both pooled data and data from individual cochlear nerves. The dynamic range represents the range of levels of a tone at the characteristic frequency of the fibre evoking mean discharge rates between spontaneous and saturated activity.
TL;DR: Experiments in cat have revealed evidence of temporal correspondence between round-window recorded electrical potentials and delayed acoustical responses in the sealed ear canal at low sound levels, which would be difficult to explain if the acoustic response contained an appreciable component of delay due to a reverse travelling wave.
TL;DR: The results of these studies gave support for the supposition that personal control is an important variable in psychological adjustment among the elderly.
Abstract: The four studies reported herein were designed to test the reliabilities and predictive validities of a 70-item Desired Control Measure. This measure is based on the findings of a survey to establish what everyday reinforcements contributed to the happiness of senior citizens. Within the new measure, there were 35 Expectancy items indexing the extent to which senior citizens expected to realize these reinforcements and 35 were Desire items indexing the value older adults held for these reinforcements. The Desire items were used to weight the Expectancy items so as to derive a Desired Control score. Fifteen of the 17 correlations between Desired Control and a variety of measures of psychological adjustment reported across the four studies were significant and sizeable (mean r = .44). Social Desirability responding had negligible effects on correlations. Furthermore, five of seven correlations between Desired Control measured at one time and Psychological Adjustment measured 12 months later were significant (mean correlation = .46). Consistent with theoretical expectations, Expectancy scores were stronger predictors of well-being than were desire scores. The results of these studies gave support for the supposition that personal control is an important variable in psychological adjustment among the elderly.
TL;DR: In this article, a branch-and-bound algorithm is presented for the permutation flow-shop problem, in which the objective is to minimize the maximum completion time, and a branching procedure is used in which jobs both at the beginning and at the end of the schedule have been fixed.
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: The single machine sequencing problem is considered, in which each job has a processing time and a weight, and there are precedence constraints on the jobs.
Abstract: The single machine sequencing problem is considered, in which each job has a processing time and a weight, and there are precedence constraints on the jobs. The objective is to find a sequence of jobs which minimises the weighted sum of completion times. A new lower bound is derived and used in a branch and bound algorithm. Computational results for up to forty jobs are given.
TL;DR: A series of twenty two N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide copolymers, each containing a different, potentially degradable side chain, were incubated with rat liver Tritosomes and four of the side chains were digestible as judged by the liberation of a terminal 4-nitroaniline residue.
TL;DR: In this article, the temperature field and rates of cooling and solidification of the oceanic crust and upper mantle at an ocean ridge have been calculated as a function of spreading rate.
Abstract: Summary. The temperature field and rates of cooling and solidification of the oceanic crust and upper mantle at an ocean ridge have been calculated as a function of spreading rate. The thermal model of the accretion process incorporates latent heat release associated with solidification of the basalt liquid forming the ocean crust and uses a heat supply boundary condition on the vertical ridge axis model boundary. It is assumed that while oceanic layer 2 cools rapidly by hydrothermal circulation, oceanic layer 3 cools predominantly by conduction. Basalt liquid injection into the upper part of oceanic layer 3 is shown to solidify instantaneously while that injected into lower crustal levels takes up to 0.4 Myr to solidify. Material solidifying instantaneously is interpreted as corresponding to the dolerite unit of the ocean crust while that taking a finite time to cool is interpreted as corresponding to the gabbroic unit. The rate of cooling of the crust is shown to be faster for slower spreading rates and consequently the thicknesses of the dolerite and gabbro units are predicted to thin and thicken respectively with increase in spreading rate. The width of the molten region, or magma chamber, within the crust at the ridge axis is shown to be approximately proportional to spreading rate with chamber half widths of 1.5 and 10.0 km
TL;DR: In a review of the literature on the effectiveness of experimenter-provided and learner-generated underlining, this article found that few studies, if any, provide clear-cut support for the effect of underlining.
Abstract: In a review of the literature on the effectiveness of experimenter-provided and learner-generated underlining, the investigators discovered (i) that few studies, if any, provide clear-cut support for the effectiveness of underlining; (ii) that a limited number of methods of testing recall have been used; (iii) that little is known of how children benefit (or don’t benefit) from underlining; and (iv) that long-term recall has been overlooked. A study is subsequently described in which sixth grade children were presented with experimenter-underlined or normal text, and recall was tested by the cloze procedure. It was found that the underlined words were recalled, both immediately and in the long term (seven days later), significantly better by children who had studied the underlined text, and that this result was not obtained at the expense of other items of information in the text.
TL;DR: The mitotic process in the fungi differ to varying extents from those found in higher plants and animals as discussed by the authors, and examples of the more interesting deviations found in some fungi include the segr...
Abstract: Details of the mitotic process in the fungi differ to varying extents from those found in higher plants and animals. Examples of the more interesting deviations found in some fungi include the segr...
TL;DR: In this article, six independent point mutations on the plasmid that overcome this detriment have been isolated, and all six mutants occur within the leader region of the rplJ operon and are well removed from the presumed position of the primary promoter, P J.
TL;DR: Although one of the bl/bl strains studied in the experiments was sensitive to UV light as judged by some criteria, UV sensitivity is not a universal characteristic of Bloom's syndrome cells.
Abstract: The sensitivity of Bloom's syndrome (bl/bl) fibroblasts to ultraviolet light (254 nm) has been estimated by 4 criteria: sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) formation, micronucleus production, cell survival, and host-cell reactivation of UV-irradiated adenovirus 2. In general, bl/bl strains did not differ significantly from the normal (+/+) strains in their response to UV treatment by any of the 4 criteria. One bl/bl strain, GM1492, was exceptional: It was abnormally sensitive to UV light in the SCE, micronucleus, and host-cell reactivation assays, but was not sensitive to UV as estimated by colony-forming ability. Thus, although one of the bl/bl strains studied in the experiments was sensitive to UV light as judged by some criteria, UV sensitivity is not a universal characteristic of Bloom's syndrome cells. It is unclear whether the UV sensitivity of the GM1492 strain reflects genetic diversity within the syndrome or some unrelated property of this strain.
TL;DR: The inflexions in the slopes of the rate--intensity functions of single cochlear fibres are found to be related more to the threshold of the individual fibre than to occur at a common sound pressure level, for fibres of similar and differing characteristic frequency.
TL;DR: The influences of velocity on texture motion and bar motion were compared in complex cells from cat's striate cortex, and velocity preference and bandwidth were invariably higher for texture motion than for bar motion.
TL;DR: The homogenates of human small intestinal mucosa were shown to contain enzymes capable of hydrolysing di-, tri-, and tetrapeptides as well as amino acid- and peptide-2-nephthylamides that were located exclusively in the brush border membrane.
TL;DR: The proposed technique involves applying a local 1-parameter group of spatial transformations to a pattern to generate a “continuum” of patterns to investigate discrete internal representations assumed to be formed by the visual system in response to pattern stimuli.
Abstract: A technique is proposed for the investigation of discrete internal representations assumed to be formed by the visual system in response to pattern stimuli The proposed technique involves applying a local 1-parameter group of spatial transformations to a pattern to generate a "continuum" of patterns The visual discriminability of pairs of perturbed patterns corresponding to small fixed increments in the transformation parameter is determined at various points in the parameter range By means of a simple rule, the characteristics of this discrimination performance are then related to the probability density functions assumed to underlie the hypothesized discrete internal representations Two experimental applications of the proposed technique are described The first is concerned with a discrete internal representation involving the specification of the collinearity or non-collinearity of the points in a pattern; the second is concerned with a discrete internal representation involving the specification of the acuteness or obtuseness of the angle between two lines in a pattern
TL;DR: These findings suggest that no single set of mechanisms, physiological or cognitive, will suffice to explain perception of the illusory triangle.
Abstract: Subjects viewed the Kanizsa triangle under conditions of visual masking. Depending on the type of mask employed, the triangle could be perceived when the inducing discs were not phenomenally present, or the discs could be seen with the triangle not present. These findings suggest that no single set of mechanisms, physiological or cognitive, will suffice to explain perception of the illusory triangle.
TL;DR: It is tentatively suggested that since different parts of the digit span are dislocated to different extents by spike-wave activity, they may depend upon different neural substrates.