Showing papers by "Keele University published in 1989"
TL;DR: In this article, Car and Parrinello proposed a pseudopotential method for calculating the vacancy energy in simple metals and presented results for aluminium, based on the local density approximation for exchange and correlation, and periodically repeating geometry.
Abstract: This paper addresses the problem of calculating the vacancy formation energy in simple metals and presents results for aluminium. The calculations are based on the pseudopotential method, the local-density approximation for exchange and correlation, and periodically repeating geometry. The approach used is similar to that proposed by Car and Parrinello, and allows the simultaneous relaxation of the electrons and the ionic positions. Problems peculiar to metals in this approach are discussed and a way of overcoming them is presented. The calculated vacancy energy (0.56 eV) in aluminium is in quite good agreement with experiment (0.66 eV). Comparisons with perturbation theory show that the calculated value is subject to a technical error of only approximately 0.03 eV and that corrections due to periodic boundary conditions are also of this order. The contribution to the vacancy energy from non-linear effects is similar to the jellium estimate of Evans and Finnis.
386 citations
TL;DR: A positive potential of 150–200 ms peak latency which responds preferentially, but not exclusively, to faces was identified in 8 out of 9 subjects, and response properties correspond well with those reported for face-related single cells in the temporal cortex of the rhesus monkey.
Abstract: Evoked potentials were recorded to the separate tachistoscopic presentation of a variety of faces and other simple and complex visual stimuli. A positive potential of 150–200 ms peak latency which responds preferentially, but not exclusively, to faces was identified in 8 out of 9 subjects. This potential, best recorded from midline central and parietal electrodes, was evoked by all face stimuli, including photographs, outline drawings, and fragmentary figures. Changes in stimulus size and other parameters which do not affect the clarity of the face, generally had little effect on the peak amplitude. Stimulus changes such as face inversion, reversing the contrast polarity of photographic images, and selectively removing particular facial features, produced a marked increase in latency but often only slight attenuation of this peak. These response properties correspond well with those reported for face-related single cells in the temporal cortex of the rhesus monkey. The scalp distribution of this face-responsive peak also appears consistent with bilateral sources in the temporal cortex.
292 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a comparison study for a set of benchmark problems which are relevant for convection in the Earth's mantle is carried out, which includes steady isoviscous convection, variable viscosity convection and time-dependent convection with internal heating.
Abstract: Summary
We have carried out a comparison study for a set of benchmark problems which are relevant for convection in the Earth's mantle The cases comprise steady isoviscous convection, variable viscosity convection and time-dependent convection with internal heating We compare Nusselt numbers, velocity, temperature, heat-flow, topography and geoid data Among the applied codes are finite-difference, finite-element and spectral methods In a synthesis we give best estimates of the ‘true’ solutions and ranges of uncertainty We recommend these data for the validation of convection codes in the future
270 citations
TL;DR: The early Proterozoic Loch Maree Group (LMG) of the Lewisian complex consists of a supracrustal sequence of metasedimentary schists and associated tholeiitic metavolcanic amphibolites within the Archaean basement.
256 citations
TL;DR: This paper investigated whether individual differences in perfectionism are related to neuroticism and anxiety and found that perfectionism was correlated marginally with neuroticism, while high life stress was associated with trait anxiety.
217 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that oxygen vacancies are not the dominant intrinsic defect species in LiNbO crystals, and defects in the crystals should be interpreted as Li vacancies within ilmenite-like crystal regions.
Abstract: We have performed an atomistic simulation study of the defect structure of ${\mathrm{LiNbO}}_{3}$ crystals resulting from ${\mathrm{Li}}_{2}$O deficiency and reduction treatments. ${\mathrm{Li}}_{2}$O excess is found to be unlikely in ${\mathrm{LiNbO}}_{3}$ crystals. It is shown that oxygen vacancies are not the dominant intrinsic defect species in ${\mathrm{LiNbO}}_{3}$. Important defects are (${\mathrm{Nb}}_{\mathrm{Li}{}^{4\mathrm{up}20.{\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{Nb}{}^{5\mathcal{'}})\mathcal{'}}}}$ and isolated ${\mathrm{Nb}}_{\mathrm{Li}{}^{4\mathrm{up}20.}}$ antisites. Small regions of ${\mathrm{LiNbO}}_{3}$ with ilmenite-like cation-stacking sequence are likely to occur; thus (${\mathrm{Nb}}_{\mathrm{Li}{}^{4\mathrm{up}20.{\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{Nb}{}^{5\mathcal{'}})\mathcal{'}}}}$ defects in ${\mathrm{LiNbO}}_{3}$ should be interpreted as Li vacancies within ilmenite-like crystal regions. Li Frenkel disorder is energetically favorable. Finally we study charge\char21{}self-trapping centers, i.e., polarons and bipolarons.
200 citations
TL;DR: Attachment of adriamycin to N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymer considerably decreased its toxicity against haematopoietic precursors in bone marrow as measured by the in vivo colony-forming unit-spleen assay and its ability to inhibit [3H] thymidine incorporation by mouse splenocytes and human peripheral blood lymphocytes measured in vitro.
192 citations
TL;DR: This paper analyzed the inner structure and validity of the Cook-Medley Ho scale using university undergraduates as respondents and revealed the existence of a general factor which centered around cynicism and distrust.
154 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1989TL;DR: Suganami as discussed by the authors discusses the role the domestic analogy has played in proposals about world order, peace, justice and welfare in the period since 1814 and examines the creation of the League of Nations, the United Nations and its agencies, and the European Community.
Abstract: How profitable is it for world order to transfer the legal and political principles, which sustain order within states to the domain of relations between states? This has been one of the central and most contentious questions in the study of international relations. The term 'domestic analogy' refers to the idea that inter-state relations are amenable to the same type of institutional control as the relations of individuals and groups within states. In this study Dr Suganami discusses the role the domestic analogy has played in proposals about world order, peace, justice and welfare in the period since 1814. As well as analysing the ideas of major writers on international law and relations, Hidemi Suganami examines the creation of the League of Nations, the United Nations and its agencies, and the European Community - all of which have sprung from the domestic analogy. The Domestic Analogy and World Order Proposals makes an important contribution to the history of ideas about world order, exploring how this particular mode of reasoning about international relations has evolved against changing historical backgrounds.
143 citations
TL;DR: In coal-bearing facies associations alluvial, gley, semi-gley, organic and rare well-drained palaeosols reflect the predominance of poor drainage conditions during deposition as discussed by the authors.
130 citations
TL;DR: TGF alpha levels in extracts of gastrointestinal mucosa from a 7-year-old female donor were higher and the observed distribution was markedly different from adult levels, and URO-EGF was not detected in mucosal or submucosal tissue extracts from this patient.
Abstract: Acid soluble proteins from 23 samples of normal human gastrointestinal mucosa derived from four normal adult organ donors were extracted and subjected to specific radiommunoassays for transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) and urogastrone epidermal growth factor (URO-EGF). All tissues were found to contain immunoreactive TGF alpha and levels ranged from 57 to 4,776 pg-1 wet weight of tissue. Although levels varied between tissue donors, the distribution of TGF alpha throughout the gastrointestinal tract appeared similar in all cases. URO-EGF levels were much lower (0-216 pg g-1 wet weight). TGF alpha levels in extracts of gastrointestinal mucosa from a 7-year-old female donor were higher and the observed distribution was markedly different from adult levels. URO-EGF was not detected in mucosal or submucosal tissue extracts from this patient. Further studies in juveniles are indicated.
Book•
01 Jan 1989TL;DR: The case of Ealing Borough Race and the emergence of anticonsensus forces: Enoch Powell, the National Front, and the Anti-Nazi League The repoloticization of race Labour's non-white constituency.
Abstract: List of figures List of maps List of tables Introduction Political consensus and the depoliticization of race Depoliticizing race locally: The role of community relations councils Ethnic-minority representation and local party competition: The case of Ealing Borough Race and the emergence of anti-consensus forces: Enoch Powell, the National Front, and the Anti-Nazi League The repoloticization of race Labour's non-white constituency Conclusions select bibliography, Index
TL;DR: Measurement of the pharmacokinetics of 125 I-labelled HPMA copolymer-ADR conjugates showed a marked alteration from the pattern of distribution reported previously for free ADR, and the levels of radioactivity detected in the heart were extremely low, which supports the observed decrease in toxicity seen for conjugated drug.
TL;DR: Using self-report questionnaires, this study found that a sample of 34 university students with learning disabilities reported significantly poorer self-esteem, academic adjustment, and personal-emotional adjustment than a samples of 31 non-learning-disabled students.
Abstract: Using self-report questionnaires, this study found that a sample of 34 university students with learning disabilities reported significantly poorer self-esteem, academic adjustment, and personal-emotional adjustment than a sample of 31 non-learning-disabled students. For both groups, self-esteem correlated positively with general self-efficacy. Both variables correlated positively with adjustment to university.
Abstract: The importance of spatial variations for social behaviour has recently been re-established in social theory. But, paradoxically, space does not exist in the sense of being an object that can have properties and effects. How, then, are these two axioms to be reconciled? Recent attempts to solve this question have been centred around the concept of ‘locality’. In this paper we subject this concept to critical evaluation. First, we consider in abstract terms the way in which spatial variation affects social phenomena. Subsequently, we discuss the implications of this, focusing around the use of ‘locale’ and ‘local labour market’ as operationalisations of ‘locality’. Next, we review and comment on the debate on locality in the light of this discussion. The upshot is that locality is shown to provide an inadequate conceptual scheme for dealing with spatial patterning.
TL;DR: The correlated patterns of organelle and cytoskeleton organization from this and previous work show that neither the microtubules nor the detected arrays of actin are sufficient to account for most organelle arrangements, but it is suggested that the wall vesicles travel radially from their origin at the centrally located Golgi bodies to the cell periphery where they are transported longitudinally to the hyphal tip in conjunction with the plasmalemma-associated actin cables.
Abstract: The distribution of organelles and microtubules in hyphal tips of the oomycete, Saprolegnia ferax , were quantitatively determined at high resolution from serial-section electron microscopy of freeze-substituted cells. All the organelles and the microtubules were non-uniformly distributed, each showing a characteristic longitudinal gradient starting at a different point behind the tip. In addition, when the cytoplasmic cross-sectional area was divided into radial regions, all organelles occurred preferentially in either the central (mitochondria and Golgi bodies) or the peripheral (microtubules, wall vesicles and spherical vesicles) region. The nuclei were so large as to span both regions but were always oriented with their centrioles facing the plasmalemma. Microtubules occurred in the extreme tips, became more abundant sub-apically, were predominantly short but increased in mean length with distance from the tip. The correlated patterns of organelle and cytoskeleton organization from this and previous work show that neither the microtubules nor the detected arrays of actin are sufficient to account for most organelle arrangements. However, on the basis of the distribution and orientation of the predominantly elongated wall vesicles, we suggest that the wall vesicles travel radially from their origin at the centrally located Golgi bodies to the cell periphery where they are transported longitudinally to the hyphal tip in conjunction with the plasmalemma-associated actin cables. Our data also suggest that the hyphae contain a cortical ectoplasm with which the nuclei interact, at least in part, via their centrioles and centriole-associated microtubules, and whose mechanical integrity is increased by both the peripheral actin cables and a high density of microtubules. We suggest that the endoplasm is less strong and has physiological properties that enhance the differentiation of endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope into Golgi body production.
TL;DR: There was a significantly higher rate of maternal morbidity in terms of perineal trauma and discomfort in the forceps group compared to the silicone cup group, and no differences in neonatal morbidity were detected.
TL;DR: In this article, the role of theories of history and "utopias" for ecological economics is assessed and a series of practical, ethical and conceptual problem areas are outlined, which require further interdisciplinary study.
TL;DR: In this article, an increase in density was observed on melting of β-cristobalite using the constant pressure molecular dynamics technique and the formation of vitreous silica from the melt and the structure of the glass formed were also studied.
Abstract: An increase in density is observed on melting of β-cristobalite using the constant-pressure molecular dynamics technique. The formation of vitreous silica from the melt and the structure of the glass formed are also studied.
TL;DR: Findings bear on the question whether orientation of motion-defined and contrast-defined bars are analyzed by the same or by different neural mechanisms, and pose a challenge for current theories of orientation discrimination.
TL;DR: The developmental expression of the alpha, mu and pi class glutathione S-transferases has been defined in human liver using radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry and Mu-class isoenzymes were expressed in hepatocytes but not in other liver cell types.
TL;DR: The maintenance of growth of hyphae of Saprolegnia ferax was dependent on the presence of external Ca2+ and the growth rate increased with increased externalCa2+ up to 5 × 10−2 m Ca2+.
TL;DR: The distribution of tubulin has been investigated in surface preparations of the guinea pig organ of Corti using indirect immunofluorescence microscopy and intense labelling and many microtubules are seen in the subnuclear region.
TL;DR: Experimental evidence indicates that CO 2 fixation in cyanobacteria is mediated by the C 3 pathway and these organisms do not have the enzymatic capacity for the initial products of photosynthesis, these organisms of not have for the biosynthesis of amino acidsm necessitated by the absence of a complete TCA cycle in these organisms.
TL;DR: It is suggested that the substantial incidence of stereomotion field defects in normally-sighted subjects has implications for clinical studies and for visual assessment of pilots, and the finding of directional-specific stereomotions blindness is better explained by the two-population than by the one-population hypothesis of steremotion blindness.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the relationship between the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), the scales of the EPQ, and self-report measures of somatic complaints.
TL;DR: Les spectres centres sur la caracteristique de CO solide a 4,67 μm sont presentes pour 8 etoiles a l'interieur ou derriere le complexe des nuages sombres Taurus as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Les spectres centres sur la caracteristique de CO solide a 4,67 μm sont presentes pour 8 etoiles a l'interieur ou derriere le complexe des nuages sombres Taurus. Des nouvelles donnees et des donnees publiees anterieurement sont combinees afin d'etudier la correlation de la force de la caracteristique de CO avec l'extinction visuelle et l'absorption par la glace d'eau, et d'estimer le degre de depletion. Une comparaison de la position et de la largeur de la caracteristique observee avec des donnees de laboratoire est utilisee pour etablir des contraintes sur la composition des manteaux
TL;DR: The male offspring of mice stressed by crowding during the final third of pregnancy showed reductions in sexual behavior and fertility, suggesting a central, rather than peripheral, mediation of the behavioral effects of prenatal stress.