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Institution

Keele University

EducationNewcastle-under-Lyme, United Kingdom
About: Keele University is a education organization based out in Newcastle-under-Lyme, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Stars. The organization has 11318 authors who have published 26323 publications receiving 894671 citations. The organization is also known as: Keele University.
Topics: Population, Stars, Health care, Galaxy, Planet


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
Peter Adey1
01 Jan 2008-Geoforum
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that the engineering of airport affect is premised upon a wider discursive framework of calculation and indeterminacy, and that selective techniques summon a number of different modalities of control.

238 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present review summarizes the current knowledge on how endocrine and paracrine factors regulate ovarian development in zebrafish and special emphasis is placed on how follicle development and oocyte maturation in adult females is regulated by gonadotropins, ovarian steroids and growth factors produced by the ovary.

238 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, seven differentially-rotating stellar models at zero metallicity, w ith masses between 9 and 200 M⊙, were calculated and compared to a corresponding model without rotation.
Abstract: Context. Though still beyond our observational abilities, Populati on III stars are interesting objects in many perspectives. T hey are responsible for the re-ionisation of the inter-galactic me dium. They also left their chemical imprint in the early Universe, imprint which can be deciphered in the most metal-poor stars in the halo of our Galaxy. Aims. Rotation has been shown to play a determinant role at very low metallicity, bringing heavy mass loss where almost none was expected. Is this still true when the metallicity strictly e quals zero? The aim of our study is to get an answer to this question, and to determine how rotation changes the evolution and the chemical signature of the primordial stars. Methods. We have calculated seven differentially-rotating stellar models at zero metallicity, w ith masses between 9 and 200 M⊙. For each mass, we have also calculated a corresponding model without rotation. The evolution has been followed up to the pre-supernova stage. Results. We find that Z = 0 models rotate with an internal profile (r) close to local angular momentum conservation, because of a very weak core-envelope coupling. Rotational mixing drives a H-shell boost due to a sudden onset of CNO cycle in the shell. This boost leads to a high 14 N production, which can be as much as 10 6 times higher than the production of the non-rotating models. Generally, the rotating models produce much more metals than their non-rotating counterparts. The mass loss is very low, even for the models that reach the critical velocity during the main s equence. It may however have an impact on the chemical enrichment of the Universe, because some of the stars are supposed to collapse directly into black holes. They would contribute to the enrichment only through their winds. While in that case non-rotating st ars would not contribute at all, rotating stars may leave an i mprint in their surrounding. Due to the low mass loss and the weak coupling, the core retains a high angular momentum at the end of the evolution. The high rotation rate at death probably leads to a much stronger explosion than previously expected, changing the fate of the models. The inclusion of our yields in a chemical evolution model of the Galactic halo predicts log values of N/O, C/O and 12 C/ 13 C ratios of -2.2, -0.95 and 50 respectively at log O/H +12 = 4.2.

238 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Exercise as a single intervention can prevent falls in community-dwelling older people, and promising results are evident for people with Parkinson’s disease and cognitive impairment.
Abstract: Objective Previous meta-analyses have found that exercise prevents falls in older people. This study aimed to test whether this effect is still present when new trials are added, and it explores whether characteristics of the trial design, sample or intervention are associated with greater fall prevention effects. Design Update of a systematic review with random effects meta-analysis and meta-regression. Data sources Cochrane Library, CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, PEDro and SafetyLit were searched from January 2010 to January 2016. Study eligibility criteria We included randomised controlled trials that compared fall rates in older people randomised to receive exercise as a single intervention with fall rates in those randomised to a control group. Results 99 comparisons from 88 trials with 19 478 participants were available for meta-analysis. Overall, exercise reduced the rate of falls in community-dwelling older people by 21% (pooled rate ratio 0.79, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.85, p<0.001, I 47%, 69 comparisons) with greater effects seen from exercise programmes that challenged balance and involved more than 3 hours/ week of exercise. These variables explained 76% of the between-trial heterogeneity and in combination led to a 39% reduction in falls (incident rate ratio 0.61, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.72, p<0.001). Exercise also had a fall prevention effect in community-dwelling people with Parkinson’s disease (pooled rate ratio 0.47, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.73, p=0.001, I 65%, 6 comparisons) or cognitive impairment (pooled rate ratio 0.55, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.83, p=0.004, I 21%, 3 comparisons). There was no evidence of a fall prevention effect of exercise in residential care settings or among stroke survivors or people recently discharged from hospital. Summary/conclusions Exercise as a single intervention can prevent falls in community-dwelling older people. Exercise programmes that challenge balance and are of a higher dose have larger effects. The impact of exercise as a single intervention in clinical groups and aged care facility residents requires further investigation, but promising results are evident for people with Parkinson’s disease and cognitive impairment. INTRODUCTION Falls are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in older adults. 2 Approximately one in three community-dwelling people aged 65 years or older will fall at least once per year, and the risk of falling increases with age. Falls impose a significant social and economic burden for individuals, their families, community health services and the economy. As the proportion of older people is rising globally, the costs associated with falls will increase. The prevention of falls is therefore an urgent public health challenge. National health bodies and international guidelines are promoting the implementation of appropriately designed intervention programmes that are known to prevent falls in older people. 6 There is strong evidence that appropriately designed intervention programmes can prevent falls in older people. A Cochrane systematic review established that exercise interventions reduce the rate of falls (number of falls per person) and risk of falling (proportion of people having one or more falls) in community-dwelling older people. Furthermore, exercise as a single intervention has a fall prevention effect similar to multifaceted interventions, 10 suggesting implementation of exercise as a stand-alone intervention may be the optimal and potentially most cost-effective approach to fall prevention at a population level. Trials of exercise for fall prevention are heterogeneous in risk of bias, populations involved and content of exercise programmes. Meta-regression enables investigation of between-trial variability, that is, whether certain trial-level factors are associated with greater effects of intervention programmes. Our previous meta-analyses with meta-regression, which included 44 trials in 2008 and 54 trials in 2011, found greater fall prevention effects in trials where exercise programmes included balance training, were undertaken more frequently (ie, exceeded 2 hours a week over the study period) and did not include walking exercise. Recent publication of additional trials necessitates an update of the previous systematic review, meta-analyses and meta-regression. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to: (1) determine the effects of exercise on fall rates in older people when compared with no exercise in randomised controlled trials (RCTs), and (2) explore whether characteristics of the trial design, sample or intervention are associated with greater fall prevention effects.

238 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Comorbidity for OA was extensive, with musculoskeletal as well as non-musculoskletal conditions, and propensity to consult may be a part explanation.
Abstract: Objectives: To determine patterns of clinical comorbidity in general practice consulters with OA and compare them with comorbidity in consulters without OA. Methods: A case-control study nested in a one-year prevalence survey of consultations in 60 general practices in England and Wales. Cases were 11 375 subjects aged 50 and over who had consulted with OA during the study year. Controls were 11 780 subjects matched for age and sex who had consulted during the study year, but not for OA. Morbidity outcomes were based on a standard clinical classification system. Results: After adjusting for age, sex, and social class, cases were significantly more likely to have high levels of comorbidity than controls (2.35; 2.16 to 2.55). Significant OA comorbid associations with other musculoskeletal conditions included arthropathies (OR 2.26; 99% CI 1.50 to 3.41), upper limb sprain (2.04; 1.38 to 3.00), synovial and tendon disorders (2.03; 1.54 to 2.68), and other joint disorders (2.00; 1.71 to 2.32). OA non-musculoskeletal associations were with obesity (2.25; 1.73 to 2.92), gastritis (1.98; 1.46 to 2.68), phlebitis (1.80; 1.28 to 2.52), diaphragmatic hernia (1.80; 1.29 to 2.51), ischaemic heart disease (1.73; 1.13 to 2.66) and intestinal diverticula (1.63; 1.20 to 2.23). Conclusions: Comorbidity for OA was extensive, with musculoskeletal as well as non-musculoskeletal conditions. Age, sex, and social class did not explain this comorbidity but propensity to consult may be a part explanation. An important question remains as to whether comorbidity in general practice significantly adds to the disability or further impairs the health of patients with OA.

237 citations


Authors

Showing all 11402 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
George Davey Smith2242540248373
Simon D. M. White189795231645
James F. Wilson146677101883
Stephen O'Rahilly13852075686
Wendy Taylor131125289457
Nicola Maffulli115157059548
Georg Kresse111430244729
Patrick B. Hall11147068383
Peter T. Katzmarzyk11061856484
John F. Dovidio10946646982
Elizabeth H. Blackburn10834450726
Mary L. Phillips10542239995
Garry P. Nolan10447446025
Wayne W. Hancock10350535694
Mohamed H. Sayegh10348538540
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202344
2022155
20211,473
20201,377
20191,178
20181,106