scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Institution

Keele University

EducationNewcastle-under-Lyme, United Kingdom
About: Keele University is a education organization based out in Newcastle-under-Lyme, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Stars. The organization has 11318 authors who have published 26323 publications receiving 894671 citations. The organization is also known as: Keele University.
Topics: Population, Stars, Health care, Galaxy, Planet


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Recommendations based on the SPASM reviews of biomechanical, neurophysiological and clinical methods of measuring spasticity are made and future developments of measurement tools are indicated.
Abstract: Purpose: To discuss the measurement of spasticity in the clinical and research environments, make recommendations based on the SPASM reviews of biomechanical, neurophysiological and clinical methods of measuring spasticity and indicate future developments of measurement tools. Method: Using the results of the systematic reviews of the biomechanical, neurophysiological and clinical approaches, methods were evaluated across three dimensions: (1) validity, reliability and sensitivity to change; (2) practical quality such as ease of use and (3) qualities specific to the measurement of spasticity, for example ability to be applied to different muscle groups. Methods were considered in terms of applicability to research and clinical applications. Results: A hierarchy of measurement approaches was identified from highly controlled and more objective (but unrelated to function) to ecologically valid, but less objective and subject to contamination from other variables. The lack of a precise definition of spasticity may account for the problem of developing a valid, reliable and sensitive method of measurement. The reviews have identified that some tests measure spasticity per se, some phenomena associated with spasticity or consequential to it and others the effect of spasticity on activity and participation and independence. Conclusions: Methods appropriate for use in research, particularly into the mechanism of spasticity did not satisfy the needs of the clinician and the need for an objective but clinically applicable tool was identified. A clinical assessment may need to generate more than one ‘value’ and should include evaluation of other components of the upper motor neurone syndrome. There is therefore a need for standardized protocols for ‘best practice’ in application of spasticity measurement tools and scales.

209 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Julius Sim1, Sue Madden1
TL;DR: There is scope for further research into the subjective experience of FMS, and into the methodology of metasynthesis, especially in relation to methodological appraisal.

209 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors conducted a meta-analysis of 31 published case-control studies (4635 cases and 5770 controls) and a pooled analysis of original data from nine published and two unpublished case control studies (2334 cases and 2766 controls).
Abstract: Sequence variation in the GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, and CYP1A1 genes may potentially alter susceptibility to head and neck cancers, although evidence from previous studies has not been consistent. To explore these associations, we conducted a meta-analysis of 31 published case-control studies (4635 cases and 5770 controls) and a pooled analysis of original data from nine published and two unpublished case-control studies (2334 cases and 2766 controls). In the meta-analysis, the summary odds ratios (ORs) for head and neck cancer were 1.23 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.06-1.42] for the GSTM1 null genotype, 1.17 (95% CI, 0.98-1.40) for the GSTT1 null genotype, 1.10 (95% CI, 0.92-1.31) for carrying the GSTP1 Val105 allele, and 1.35 (95% CI, 0.95-1.82) for carrying the CYP1A1 Val462 allele. The pooled analysis ORs were 1.32 (95% CI, 1.07-1.62) for the GSTM1 null genotype, 1.25 (95% CI, 1.00-1.57) for the GSTT1 null genotype, 1.15 (95% CI, 0.86-1.53) for carrying the GSTP1 Val105 allele, and 0.98 (95% CI, 0.75-1.29) for carrying the CYP1A1 Val462 allele. Increasing risk of head and neck cancer was observed with inheritance of increasing numbers of modest risk genotypes at the three GST loci (P for trend = 0.04), with the combination of carrying the GSTM1 null, GSTT1 null, and GSTP1 Val105 alleles conferring an OR of 2.06 (95% CI, 1.11-3.81). In conclusion, both the meta- and pooled analysis support modest associations of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes with head and neck cancer risk, and our pooled analysis supports the notion of greater risk when genotypes at multiple GST loci are considered in a multigenic model.

209 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that growth-arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) plays an essential role in normal growth arrest in both T-cell lines and non-transformed lymphocytes, and downregulation of endogenous GAS5 inhibits apoptosis and maintains a more rapid cell cycle.
Abstract: The control of growth of lymphocyte populations is crucial to the physiological regulation of the immune system, and to the prevention of both leukaemic and autoimmune disease. This control is mediated through modulation of the cell cycle and regulation of cell death. During log-phase growth the rate of proliferation is high and there is a low rate of cell death. As the population density increases, the cell cycle is extended and apoptosis becomes more frequent as the population enters growth arrest. Here, we show that growth-arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) plays an essential role in normal growth arrest in both T-cell lines and non-transformed lymphocytes. Overexpression of GAS5 causes both an increase in apoptosis and a reduction in the rate of progression through the cell-cycle. Consistent with this, downregulation of endogenous GAS5 inhibits apoptosis and maintains a more rapid cell cycle, indicating that GAS5 expression is both necessary and sufficient for normal growth arrest in T-cell lines as well as human peripheral blood T-cells. Control of apoptosis and the cell cycle by GAS5 has significant consequences for disease pathogenesis, because independent studies have already identified GAS5 as an important candidate gene in the development of autoimmune disease.

209 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a positive association between latitude and prostate cancer mortality has been interpreted to indicate that ultraviolet radiation (UVR) protects against development of this cancer, and they compared exposure between 210 cases and 155 controls.

209 citations


Authors

Showing all 11402 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
George Davey Smith2242540248373
Simon D. M. White189795231645
James F. Wilson146677101883
Stephen O'Rahilly13852075686
Wendy Taylor131125289457
Nicola Maffulli115157059548
Georg Kresse111430244729
Patrick B. Hall11147068383
Peter T. Katzmarzyk11061856484
John F. Dovidio10946646982
Elizabeth H. Blackburn10834450726
Mary L. Phillips10542239995
Garry P. Nolan10447446025
Wayne W. Hancock10350535694
Mohamed H. Sayegh10348538540
Network Information
Related Institutions (5)
University of Manchester
168K papers, 6.4M citations

95% related

University of Birmingham
115.3K papers, 4.3M citations

94% related

University College London
210.6K papers, 9.8M citations

94% related

University of Bristol
113.1K papers, 4.9M citations

93% related

University of Oxford
258.1K papers, 12.9M citations

93% related

Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202344
2022155
20211,473
20201,377
20191,178
20181,106