Keele University

About: Keele University is a education organization based out in Newcastle-under-Lyme, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Stars. The organization has 11318 authors who have published 26323 publications receiving 894671 citations. The organization is also known as: Keele University.

The superior colliculus encodes gaze commands in retinal coordinates.

Abstract: The superior colliculus (SC) has a topographic map of visual space, but the spatial nature of its output command for orienting gaze shifts remains unclear. Here we show that the SC codes neither desired gaze displacement nor gaze direction in space (as debated previously), but rather, desired gaze direction in retinal coordinates. Electrical micro-stimulation of the SC in two head-free (non-immobilized) monkeys evoked natural-looking, eye-head gaze shifts, with anterior sites producing small, fixed-vector movements and posterior sites producing larger, strongly converging movements. However, when correctly calculated in retinal coordinates, all of these trajectories became 'fixed-vector.' Moreover, our data show that this eye-centered SC command is then further transformed, as a function of eye and head position, by downstream mechanisms into the head- and body-centered commands for coordinated eye–head gaze shifts.

Burden of heart failure and underlying causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017.

Abstract: Aims To provide the first systematic analysis of the burden and underlying causes of heart failure (HF) in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017. Methods and results We collected detailed information on prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), and underlying causes of HF from the Global Burden of Disease study 2017. Numbers and age-standardized rates of HF prevalence and YLDs were compared by age, sex, socio-demographic index (SDI), and location. The proportions of HF age-standardized prevalence rates due to 23 underlying causes were also presented. Globally, the age-standardized prevalence and YLD rates of HF in 2017 were 831.0 and 128.2 per 100 000 people, a decrease of -7.2% and -0.9% from 1990, respectively. Nevertheless, the absolute numbers of HF prevalent cases and YLDs have increased by 91.9% and 106.0% from 1990, respectively. There is significant geographic and socio-demographic variation in the levels and trends of HF burden from 1990 to 2017. Among all causes of HF, ischaemic heart disease accounted for the highest proportion (26.5%) of age-standardized prevalence rate of HF in 2017, followed by hypertensive heart disease (26.2%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (23.4%). Conclusion HF remains a serious public health problem worldwide, with increasing age-standardized prevalence and YLD rates in countries with relatively low SDI. More geo-specific strategies aimed at preventing underlying causes and improving medical care for HF are warranted to reduce the future burden of this condition.