Showing papers by "Kent State University published in 1972"

Changing Activities of the Crustacean Epidermis during the Molting Cycle

Abstract: The criteria established by Drach for subdividing the molting cycle into stages are reviewed, and a suggestion is made for improving the uniformity of postmolt staging of different species. Changes in the epidermis during the molting cycle of the crayfish Orconectes obscurus and O. sanborni are described. Epidermal DNA content was measured throughout the cycle and found to drop sharply at stage D and to rise sharply at stage A. Protein content declined during postmolt and rose during premolt, as expected. Protein synthesis remained more or less constant during postmolt, rose during premolt, and dropped to the postmolt level at ecdysis. Chitin synthesis appeared to follow two different curves depending upon whether labelled glucose or acetylglucosamine was used as precursor. This, and the presence of a separate enzyme capable of phosphorylating acetylglucosamine and not glucose, suggests that acetylglucosamine may be utilized directly without prior conversion to glucose. Actinomycin D was found to prevent increases in rate of chitin biosynthesis during premolt but not to inhibit chitin biosynthesis already underway. During the same period, actinomycin stimulated general protein biosynthesis. By utilizing the molt staging criteria described, we were able to detect induction of premolt by ecdysone.

A Contingency Theory of Organization Re-Examined in the Context of a Developing Country

Abstract: The “Contingency Theory” of organizations holds that the “optimum” organization structure is primarily dependent on the external environment of the enterprise. Stable environmental conditions call ...

Effect of Musical Accompaniment on Attitude: The Guitar as a Prop for Persuasion

Abstract: This study examined the effects on attitude, mood, and recall of embedding a communication in different musical art forms Subjects listened to four folk songs, each of which either had or did not have guitar accompaniment, and which were either sung or dramatically spoken Results indicated greater positive emotional arousal and greater persuasion with the presence of guitar accompaniment The sung-spoken variation had few effects The results were interpreted as supporting a conclusion of Dabbs and Janis (1965) that a pleasant activity such as eating creates a momentary mood of compliance toward a communication's recommendations The present study generalized Dabbs and Janis' conclusion to a stimulus situation involving instrumental music An alternative interpretation that the music inhibited counterargument production was discussed and rejected The implications of the study for a more general arousal-persuasion model were noted

Proximal Femoral Anatomy of Australopithecus

Abstract: BECAUSE of the importance of the femur in the gait of bipeds, it is surprising that only moderate attention has been paid to the samples of proximal femora of Australopithecus for which published descriptions and/or casts are now available (STS-14, SK-82, SK-97 and OH-20). In descriptions of these specimens, several morphological features have been claimed to separate them significantly from later Pleistocene hominids1–4. We consider that only two features may lie outside the normal range of variation of Homo sapiens.

Linearly compact modules and local morita duality

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the linearly compact modules and local morita duality Linearly topologized modules extend the notion of a linearly topologized vector space developed by Lefschetz A linearly topologized module is a module that possesses a base of neighborhoods of zero consisting of submodules In this presentation, a base of neighborhoods of zero for a linearly topologized module will consist of all submodules, the so-called discrete linear topology The notion of a linearly compact module, a compact linearly topologized module, plays an important role in duality theory The chapter presents some of the consequences of linear compactness The result that a right linearly compact ring is semi-perfect generalizes Zelinsky's result for commutative rings The results shows that a right linearly compact ring that is left or right perfect is right artinian and it generalizes Osofsky's result It is found that finite products of linearly compact modules are linearly compact

Primate Phylogeny and Immunological Distance

Abstract: Recalculation of the time of divergence of the Pongidae and Hominidae after correction of immunological distance by inclusion of generation length yields minimum dates of approximately 14 million years ago.

Conditioned reinstatement in rats: effects of exposure distribution and type of cue

Abstract: 2 experiments examined the influence of interpolated exposure to conditioned cues upon retention in immature rats. In Exp. 1, distributed exposures or a massed exposure shortly before the retention test significantly improved memory relative to an untreated retention control group. In Exp. 2, brief exposures to distinctive apparatus stimuli previously paired with shock were effective in preventing retention loss while exposures to the compartment never associated with shock did not result in a reliable difference from the retention controls.

The Effects of Auditory Masking on the Anxiety Level, Frequency of Dysfluency, and Selected Vocal Characteristic of Stutterers

Abstract: This study tested and compared two different explanations of the effects of auditory masking on stuttering: masking minimizes the individual’s auditory feedback of his stuttering so that he is less anxious about the dysfluency and consequently stutters less; or masking causes the stutterer to increase his vocal intensity and reduce his speech rate, and these changes create the reduction in stuttering. Twelve stutterers with normal hearing read aloud in masking and no-masking (control) conditions. Measures of palmar sweat anxiety, the frequency of stuttering, reading time, and vocal intensity were obtained for each subject in both of these situations. Significantly less stuttering and more vocal intensity were noted concomitantly in the masking as compared to the control condition. The between-condition differences in reading time and measured anxiety were small and rather unreliable. These results were interpreted as supporting the “modified vocalization” explanation of the masking effect, but as detracti...

Higher order convergence results for the Rayleigh-Ritz method applied to eigenvalue problems: 2. Improved error bounds for eigenfunctions

Abstract: The application of the Rayleigh-Ritz method for approximating the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of linear eigenvalue problems in several dimensions is investigated. The object is to improve upon known error estimates for the approximate eigenfunctions. Results for the Galerkin approximation of the eigenfunctions are developed under varying assumptions on the boundary conditions and domain of definition of the eigenvalue problem. These results, coupled with a previous result relating Galerkin and Rayleigh-Ritz approximation of the eigenfunctions, are then used to obtain improved error estimates for the approximate eigenfunctions in theL 2 and uniform norms.

An elementary characterization of absolutely summing operators

Abstract: (l 1 IX], =1) is also a Banach space. Denote by • (X; ~ ) the space of continuous linear operators from X into ~ . We say that u ~ ~ ( X ; N) is absolutely summin 9 whenever u "lifts" to a continuous linear operator from la(X) into 11[~ ], i.e., (u(xn)) ~ I1 [N] for all (x,) e tl(X), the continuity of the resulting operation follows from [73, Theorem 4. Let (f2, S, #) be a finite, positive, non-atomic measure space. Denote by ~ ( # , X ) the class of all strongly measurable Pettis #-integrable functions f : t2-*X; norm U;;~(#, X) by

Detection of breast cancer by liquid crystal thermography. A preliminary report

Abstract: Thermography is a technique to map a surface temperature pattern. Liquid crystals are a class of compounds which exhibit color-temperature sensitivity when in a cholestatic phase which exists within a specific temperature range. It is a state of matter intermediate between a solid and a liquid. Liquid crystal (LC) thermography can produce a color thermogram over a skin area with a temperature sensitivity of .1 degree C. The skin temperature over mammary carcinomas is increased compared with contralateral area of the other breast. Infrared thermography has confirmed this. The LC method is less expensive than infrared and better for mass screening. In an LC study of 105 women with abnormal breast characteristics and 197 apparently healthy women detection of palpable malignancies had a true-positive rate of 82.5% a false-positive rate of 13.6% and only 1 of 17 histologically proven malignancies gave no thermographic signs. The measurement technique is described in detail. A malignant tumor shows an abnormally warm venous drainage thermal pattern. Various drainage heat intensities were related to the speed with which skin thermogram temperatures increased over the veins. In 17 patients with later histologically proven carcinoma intense unilateral venous drainage patterns radiating from a focal area were observed. Also large vascular temperature gradients were noted locally on the breast. An increased unilateral venous drainage thermal pattern to the axilla indicated a malignancy in the upper outer quadrant of the breast. Exact location of a cancer was not usually possible. Of the false positive interpretations 4 had suspicious thermograms and 8 were equivocal. LC thermography was found more reliable than either mammography or physical examination. However combined methods would improve results. Normal therograms have been classified in 197 cases. Women under age 30 and those with previous pregnancies had more intense vascular patterns. Women on oral contraceptives had more frequent intense vascular patterns than the average of all groups. Women who had lactated for more than 10 months also showed increased intense vascular patterns. An increase in vascularity was noted with increased breast size but decreased in pendulous breasts. It was shown that LC thermography can detect breast cancer in the preclinical or occult stages. Simplicity rapid application and low cost make it suitable for mass-screening programs.

Effectiveness of ingratiation tactics in a cover letter on mail questionnaire response

Abstract: An attempt was made to study ingratiation tactics in a quasifield setting. Four hundred residents of Akron, Ohio, were solicited via mail to complete a questionnaire. The amount of help (effort) requested was either small (one-page questionnaire) or large (seven-page questionnaire). The primary variables of interest were the ingratiation tactics used in the cover letter to encourage completion of the questionnaire. The letter included or did not include adjectives flattering the respondent, and it included or did not include adjectives flattering the solicitor. Thus the ingratiation tactics in the cover letters constituted a 2 by 2 factorial design within both low- and high-effort requests for help. The proportion of returns in each condition served as the dependent variable. The results indicated no differences in return rate due to ingratiation tactics in the low-effort condition. However, solicitor vs respondent ingratiation tactics interacted strongly to determine return rate in the high-effort condition. Return rates were lower when either both tactics (double ingratiation) or neither (standard polite letter) were used. Subsidiary data concerning time required to complete the questionnaire suggested an explanation in terms of norms matching the amount of flattery with the amount of help requested.

The New Deal and the Negro Community: Toward a Broader Conceptualization

Abstract: WITH rare exceptions, research that evaluates the significance of the New Deal public housing and emergency work programs for Negroes has been conceptualized around certain well-defined questions. Most scholars who have approached the subject have focused their attention on the extent to which Negroes were included in these programs in an effort to assess the degree to which the New Deal was successful in alleviating the problems which Negroes faced as a result of the Depression, especially unemployment and the need for low cost housing. These studies have noted that, although Negroes received less assistance than their relatively greater needs warranted, they also received more than their proportionate share. Largely on this basis scholars concluded that the New Deal symbolized a salutary turning point in the attitude of the federal government toward Negroes., However, if research is conceptualized on a broader basis to include not only questions relating to the extent of Negro participation in the New Deal programs but also questions concerning the impact of these programs on the anatomy of the Negro community, notable qualifications are added to this conclusion and new insight is gained into the problems which the government faced at the local level. If the experience of Cleveland Negroes is representative, it is apparent that the New Deal's inclusion of Negroes in programs designed to relieve the special problems created by the Depression must be balanced against certain adverse side effects which these programs had on the social structure of

Effects of dehydration upon physical working capacity of wrestlers under competitive conditions.

Abstract: The physical working capacity (PWC-170) of nine college wrestlers was measured under three conditions during the competitive season: (a) in the normal state at the beginning of the week; (b) after a 4.8% weight reduction within 4 days; (c) after 5 hours of voluntary partial rehydration just before an intercollegiate meet. Significant impairments in the PWC-170 were observed following dehydration and rehydration, although significant but partial recovery occurred following rehydration (P < .01). A decrement in performance was only moderately related to a given weight deficit (r = .47), indicating that the degree of impairment incurred by a wrestler through a specific weight reduction cannot be accurately predicted.

Late Cenozoic Basalts from the Bandera Lava Field, Valencia County, New Mexico

Abstract: In the Bandera lava field of western New Mexico both alkalic and tholeiitic basalts were erupted within a short period of time. The lava field is located at the intersection of two major lineaments which have also controlled the location of individual volcanic centers within the field. Both fissure flow and pyroclastic activity were common, although most of the material was ejected quiescently from fissures. Chemically both basalt types are impoverished in total strontium when compared to other basalts. Strontium isotopic ratios are low, and in contrast to many oceanic basalts the alkali basalts have the lowest ratios. Despite impoverishment of total strontium in both basalt types the alkali basalts have strontium contents sufficiently high to make them relatively insensitive to crustal contamination. If the higher ratios of the tholeiitic basalts are the result of crustal contamination, then the source material for both basalt types must have been impoverished in rubidium early in the history of the mantle.