Showing papers by "Kent State University published in 1976"
233 citations
TL;DR: Methods for the calculation of both bending and torsional strength of other specimens (such as preserved or fossil bones) are developed and, in order to illustrate the methods, the functional significance of tibial shaft cross sectional variation is investigated.
Abstract: Traditional methods of bone analysis (both metric and topographic) are restricted to external characters. Spacial distribution of material is, however, equally critical to an understanding of a bone's function. Dynamic testing to determine whole bone strength can only be performed on fresh specimens. Methods for the calculation of both bending and torsional strength of other specimens (such as preserved or fossil bones) are developed in this paper. In order to illustrate the methods, the functional significance of tibial shaft cross sectional variation is investigated.
164 citations
TL;DR: The authors theoretically examines the various definitions and operationalizations of leader initiating structure and finds important differences in the extent to which the various measures are concerned with autocratic, punitive, arbitrary, and production-oriented leader behaviors.
159 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors give a number of equivalent conditions which reproduce, and in some cases strengthen, many consequences of recent generalizations of the property of diagonally dominant n x n complex matrices.
158 citations
TL;DR: Alcohol-induced aggression appears to be a function of the interaction of alcohol consumption and the degree of threat or provocation inherent in a particular situation.
Abstract: Intoxicated and nonintoxicated subjects competed in a reaction time situation against either a potentially threatening opponent or a nonthreatening opponent. The results indicated that the intoxicated subjects initiated higher levels of attack than the nonintoxicated subjects only in the threatening situation. It was concluded that aggression is not just a consequence of the pharmacological action of alcohol. Instead, alcohol-induced aggression appears to be a function of the interaction of alcohol consumption and the degree of threat or provocation inherent in a particular situation.
110 citations
87 citations
TL;DR: Tritiated delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol was administered orally to female rats throughout pregnancy at a dose level of 2 mg/kg/day and the pups showed both transient and relatively permanent behavioral effects.
Abstract: Tritiated delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol was administered orally to female rats throughout pregnancy at a dose level of 2 mg/kg/day. Chemical analysis of rat pup tissues indicated an average drug level near 20 ng/gm was attained via placental transfer. Although there was no teratogenicity, the pups showed both transient and relatively permanent behavioral effects. A deficit in acquisition of a passive avoidance response at 21 days of age was observed. This effect was not apparent during retraining and testing at 90 days of age. Rats whose dams had received the drug forced control animals to back out of a push tube in 67% of the tests at 21 days of age and 94% of the tests at 90 days of age.
73 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an improved lower bound for the smallest singular value of a matrix was obtained for a wider class of matrices, under the assumption that A is strictly diagonally dominant.
69 citations
TL;DR: The high dose of alcohol instigated more intense aggression than the low dose, and the high doses of THC did not increase aggressive behavior, but tended to produce a weak suppression effect.
Abstract: Forty male undergraduates were provoked following their ingestion of high or low doses of either alcohol or delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The expression of physical aggression was related to the quantity of alcohol ingested. The high dose of alcohol instigated more intense aggression than the low dose. The high dose of THC, on the other hand, did not increase aggressive behavior. In fact, it tended to produce a weak suppression effect.
64 citations
64 citations
TL;DR: After exposure to chromium, inhibition of Na/K-ATPase activity, but not Mg ATPaseactivity, was observed, which may partially explain the detrimental effects of hexavalent chromium on fish.
Abstract: The effect ofin vivo chromium exposure on Na/K- and Mg-ATPase activity was studied in several tissues of the rainbow trout,Salmo gairdneri. Those tissues studied were: intestine, gill, liver, and kidney. Tissue chromium levels were determined for control rainbow trout and trout exposed to 2.5 mg Cr/1 (as chromate) for 48 hours. After exposure to chromium, inhibition of Na/K-ATPase activity, but not Mg ATPase activity, was observed. These results may partially explain the detrimental effects of hexavalent chromium on fish.
TL;DR: Clinical test performance of aphasics on tasks requiring various levels of communicative abilities was affected by rate of stimulus presentation and implications involve the clinician's attention to rate, presentation, and control of complexity of material.
TL;DR: Male albion rats ranging in age from 15-30 days were injected with either scopolamine hydorbromide or saline, prior to training and retention testing on a black-white passive avoidance (PA) task, and data suggest the presence of cholinergic inhibitory mediation of PA responding in preweanling and postweanlings pups.
Abstract: Male albino rats ranging in age from 15--30 days were injected with either scopolamine hydrobromide or saline, prior to training and retention testing on a black-white passive avoidance (PA) task. Pretraining administration of a 1.0-mg/kg dose of scopolamine significantly increased the median number of trials to criterion for 18-, 21-, and 30-day-old rat pups when compared with their saline controls. Fifteen-day-olds showed drug-related PA deficits when a 2.0-mg/kg dose was given. Retention data reflect characteristic age-dependent memory loss over the 1-week acquisitionretention period with no apparent state-dependent effects. The data suggest the presence of cholinergic inhibitory mediation of PA responding in preweanling and postweanling pups.
TL;DR: A major role for estrogen is supported in the experimental induction of ovarian cysts and the capability of estrogen antagonists to inhibit cyst development is explained.
TL;DR: In this paper, the monotypic genus Lingulichnites is proposed to solve the problem of not mentioning lingulid burrows in trace fossil lists, and the type specimens are from Upper Devonian rocks in northeastern Ohio.
Abstract: Holocene lingulid brachiopods are well-known burrowing organisms. Fossil lingulid burrows have been reported from rocks in Europe and North America that range from Ordovician and Devonian through Pennsylvanian. However, the latest authoritative compendium on trace fossils, The Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology (1975). makes no mention of lingulid burrows. The obvious reason for this omission is that the burrows, although important paleontologically and ichnologically, have never been named formally thereby making it awkward to include them in faunal lists. The monotypic genus Lingulichnites is proposed to remedy this problem. The type specimens are from Upper Devonian rocks in northeastern Ohio.
TL;DR: It is postulate that the presence of one or more 5-methylcytosines in and adjacent to loop III (minor loop) in individual tRNAs act to regulate the amount of ribothymidine formed by uridine methylase.
TL;DR: For example, the authors found that public opinion toward state land use regulation to be aggregated around two major attitudes: Environmentalists stress the impact of negative developmental externalities and favor broader review of land use decisions; Localists are concerned with accountability and local control of decision-making.
Abstract: Results from a study in Ohio, and replicated in six additional states, show public opinion toward state land use regulation to be aggregated around two major attitudes: the Environmentalists stress the impact of negative developmental externalities and favor broader review of land use decisions; the Localists are concerned with accountability and local control of decision-making. An intensive analysis of the Ohio Land Use Work Group reveals the policy-making elite in basic sympathy with the Environmentalists, but constrained by intra-agency rivalries and apprehensions about public reaction. Discussion focuses on the shifting public consensus toward greater land use control, and the implications for state policy-making. Attitudes toward property have always been fundamental in distinguishing political ideologies from one another, and no concept is more closely identified with property than land. The question of land use in this country, as Elkin (1974:165) has noted, has always been characterized by conflict, and in this respect we need only recall the early range wars, the battles over open grazing land vs. fencing and among cattlemen and sheep herders. Despite these divisions, Americans were in general agreement that the marketplace, not government, would settle them: land would ultimately be allocated among competing uses according to return on investment. Only in the 20th century did Americans accept government interference that *Originally read at a meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago, 1975. The authors gratefully acknowledge financial assistance from the Academy for Contemporary Problems, Columbus, Ohio, and from the Ohio Office of Budget and Management. Special appreciation is expressed to the Academy's president, Ralph R. Widner, and to Dean Clark and Paul Goesling who, at the time of the study, were affiliated with OBM. Gratitude also to individuals who facilitated the national-regional interviewing: David Gillespie, Brij Khare, Michael Obrey, Michael Shay, Joseph Thomas, and Hugh Winebrenner. ? PUBLIUS, The Journal of Federalism, The Center for The Study of Federalism, Winter 1976
TL;DR: The role of whites and blacks in the civil rights revolution of the 1960s has been examined in a wide range of sociological and historical studies, including as discussed by the authors, which emphasized the cleavages and tensions between Negroes and whites in these organizations, the ambivalences in the relations between members of the two races, and the blacks' efforts for a greater voice in or control of the movement for their freedom.
Abstract: THE civil rights revolution of the 1960s stimulated a critical reevaluation of the roles of whites and blacks in the struggle for racial equality in America. Much of the recent literature has emphasized the cleavages and tensions between Negroes and whites in these organizations, the ambivalences in the relations between members of the two races, and the blacks' efforts for a greater voice in, or control of, the movement for their freedom.' Recently two sociologists, Gary Marx and Michael Useem, have drawn upon these historical studies in an effort to establish generalizations about the participation of individuals from privileged groups in move-
TL;DR: The failure of rotation-induced taste aversion to develop in rats sustaining vestibular damage was not attributable to an associative/sensory deficit as these rats acquired the aversion when lithium chloride poisoning was used as the UCS.
Abstract: A suppression-of-drinking measure was used as an index of the duration and magnitude of rotation-elicited UCR. Thirsty rats suppressed drinking when they were rotated prior to being given access to water. The magnitude of suppression increased as a function of the duration of intermittent rotation. Periodically interrupted rotation sessions were found to suppress drinking for longer periods than continuous rotation sessions of comparable duration. Damage to the vestibular system substantially decreased the magnitude of suppression of drinking following rotation and prevented the acquisition of rotation-induced taste aversion. The failure of rotation-induced taste aversion to develop in rats sustaining vestibular damage was not attributable to an associative/sensory deficit as these rats acquired the aversion when lithium chloride poisoning was used as the UCS.
TL;DR: Information is provided on the life cycles and larval feeding habits of 3 North American species of Renocera that prey on fingernail clams that are among the first insects and the 1st Sciomyzidae known to attack members of the molluscan class Pelecypoda.
Abstract: Information is provided on the life cycles and larval feeding habits of 3 North American species of Renocera that prey on fingernail clams. Adults of R. brevis (Cresson) occur in open, permanently wet marshes; those of R. amanda Cresson are associated with vernal pools and seepage areas in deciduous woodlands; and those of R. longipes (Loew) usually are found in wet ecotone habitats between open marshland and lowland forests. Adults of R. amanda and R. brevis emerge in May, but R. longipes is temporally separated from the other 2 species by delaying its adult emergence time until mid-June. Renocera brevis has at least 2 generations/yr; whereas both R. amanda and R. longipes are univoltine.
Larvae of all 3 species prey solely on fingernail clams of the molluscan family Sphaeriidae. Newly-hatched larvae leave the surface film and seek out small clams among bottom debris. They remain within the mantle cavity of their prey 4–8 days before killing it. Older larvae remain at the surface film of shallow pools and feed as overt predators, killing prey quickly and remaining with it for only a few hours. Individual larvae kill between 14 and 25 clams. Puparia are formed at the water's surface or in shoreline debris.
Species of Renocera are among the 1st insects and the 1st Sciomyzidae known to attack members of the molluscan class Pelecypoda; nearly all other species of the family feed on members of the class Gastropoda.
A key to the 5 Nearctic species of Renocera is presented.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the Rb-Sr isochron data from whole-rock samples of dolerite and metadolerite to identify emplacement of dikes 2,826 ± 58 m.y.
Abstract: Rb-Sr isochron data from whole-rock samples of dolerite and metadolerite indicate emplacement of dikes 2,826 ± 58 m.y. ago, during formation of the Bighorn gneiss and granitic complexes. Whole-rock samples of other dolerite dikes and mineral separates mark another intrusive event at 2,200 ± 35 m.y. B.P., well after the regional metamorphism. Two episodes of mafic dike emplacement are consistent with field relations but are not in agreement with recent K-Ar age determinations.
TL;DR: In this article, two dimensions of cognitive impulsivity, accuracy and latency, were assessed in fourth graders by the Matching Familiar Figures Test (MFF) and were related to teacher's ratings of adjustment and peers' sociometric preferences.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider the Gergen- Schlenker debate within the context of five major issues; the nature of theoretical abstractness, the search for regularity, open systems, the conditional nature of scientific propositions, and the uniqueness of events.
Abstract: Gergen (1973) presented the thesis that social psychology is primarily an historical inquiry. The implications of his paper are very significant for the status of social psychology as a scien tific discipline. In defense of traditional science Schlenker (1974) presented a strong rebuttal, focussing on five major issues; the nature of theoretical abstractness, the search for regularity, open systems, the conditional nature of scientific propositions, and the uniqueness of events. The present paper considers the Gergen- Schlenker debate within the context of these five issues. The analyses indicate that Schlenker's rebuttal arguments are not de finitive, and that Gergen's thesis still awaits a decisive answer.
TL;DR: In this article, the convergence of rational approximations in infinite sectors symmetric about the positive real axis was studied, and it was shown that the convergence rate of rational approximation is bounded.
Abstract: In this paper, we study the geometric convergence of rational approximations toe ?z in infinite sectors symmetric about the positive real axis.
TL;DR: The validity of a recently-published study that the percentage amount of a restaurant tip decreases as the number of persons at a table increases, because of diffusion of responsibility is questioned.
Abstract: It was concluded in a recently-published study that the percentage amount of a restaurant tip decreases as the number of persons at a table increases,because of diffusion of responsibility. The validity of this explanation is questioned. Theoretical and methodological alternatives are suggested.
TL;DR: In this paper, Attitude-behavior relationships in communication research are investigated. But the authors focus on the relationship between attitude and behavior. And they focus only on positive relationships between individuals.
Abstract: (1976). Attitude‐behavior relationships in communication research. Quarterly Journal of Speech: Vol. 62, No. 3, pp. 267-278.