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Showing papers by "Kent State University published in 1978"



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Investigation of the etiology of porotic hyperostosis and periosteal reactions in infants and children from the Libben Site shows that the skeletal lesion strongly fits the age-specific distribution of hypochromic microcytic iron-deficiency anemia in infant and children.
Abstract: A model of analysis incorporating methodological improvements and epidemiological refinements has been employed to investigate the etiology of porotic hyperostosis and periosteal reactions in infants and children from the Libben Site, a Late Woodland ossuary and occupation site from Ottawa County, Ohio. Results of the age‐specific intrapopulational analysis of porotic hyperostosis demonstrate that the skeletal lesion strongly fits the age‐specific distribution of hypochromic microcytic iron‐deficiency anemia in infants and children. The data indicate that the lesion is a response to nutritional stress. Similarly, our findings show that the age‐specific distribution of periosteal reactions strongly coincides with, and appears to be a response to, infectious disease as it occurs in infants and children. More importantly, survivorship and growth data indicate that porotic hyperostosis and periosteal reactions are strongly associated with patterns of infant and child morbidity and mortality, and ther...

212 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: A detailed study of the anatomy leads to the conclusion that P. newberryi is the earliest recognized decapod eucarid crustacean with characters of both the glypheoidean palinurans and astacideans.
Abstract: A reexamination of all available palaeopalaemonid specimens, of the genus Palaeopa- laemon, and material of Bellocaris newfoundlandensis Fong, 1972, is presented. The four described species of Palaeopalaemon are synonymized as one, P. newberryi Whitfield, 1880. A detailed study of the anatomy leads to the conclusion that P. newberryi is the earliest recognized decapod eucarid crustacean with characters of both the glypheoidean palinurans and astacideans. Bellocaris is not a paleopalaemonid but a pygocephalomorph mysidacean peracarid, closely related to Pygocephalus.

105 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Computational results are reported to show that linear programming often produces integer solutions to uncapacitated problems as required, and it is suggested that this represents a practical solution approach.
Abstract: This paper considers a class of feasible set fixed-charge depot location problems which have been formulated as mixed-integer programmes. Computational results are reported to show that linear programming often produces integer solutions to uncapa- citated problems as required. It is suggested that this represents a practical solution approach. Computational evidence suggests this convenient property does not extend to capacitated problems. Discussion of reducing infinite set problems to such feasible set problems is included. This paper considers depot location-demand allocation problems where loca- tions are to be chosen from a finite set of candidate sites. This corresponds to the "feasible set approach", discussed by Rand.' The objective is to locate depots so that all customer demand is allocated among the depots while minimizing the sum of variable and fixed depot costs associated with satisfy- ing that demand. Demand is assumed known in each of a number of customer zones. The modelling intent is to answer the four fundamental questions listed by Rand as: How many depots should there be? Where should they be? Which customers should they serve? How big should they be? A mixed integer programming model-sometimes called the fixed-charge plant loca- tion model is used for which efficient special purpose algorithms exist (see Elshafei2 and Geoffrion and Graves3). However, it is a nontrivial task to develop the necessary computer programs. The purpose of this paper is to provide computational results which indicate that ordinary linear program- ming typically produces integer solutions to uncapacitated problems. It is suggested that this represents a practical solution approach if the problem size is not too large, but computational results show that this approach seems inappropriate for capacitated problems. Discussion of reducing certain infinite set problems to feasible set problems is presented in an Appendix.

76 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the neutrons were obtained from the T(d, n)α reaction and the measured response (in units of electron energy) for protons above 5 MeV in NE- 102 is about 8% higher than that assumed in popular computer programs for calculating the neutron detection efficiency of plastic scintillators.

66 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1978-Geology
TL;DR: In this paper, the distribution of Tertiary regional ash-flow tuffs indicates that the Colorado Plateaus and Basin and Range provinces in southwestern Utah became separate structural terrains some time after 29 m.y.
Abstract: Distribution of Tertiary regional ash-flow tuffs indicates that the Colorado Plateaus and Basin and Range provinces in southwestern Utah became separate structural terrains some time after 29 m.y. ago; the structural differentiation probably was underway by 26 m.y. ago and had produced significant topographic contrasts between the two provinces by 24 m.y. ago. Initial differentiation may be older than the main phase of basin-range faulting in southwestern Utah, which appears to have begun about 21 to 20 m.y. ago.

53 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Probably only an economically produced vaccine can achieve total eradication of malaria, a warm climate disease which needs parasite-vector-human host associations to continue its cycle.

51 citations


Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: The average of the marine heat flow measurements in the Levantine Sea is 25.7 ± 8.4 mW/m2, and the heat flow on Cyprus is 28.0 ±8.0 mW /m2.
Abstract: Heat flow data from the eastern Mediterranean region indicates an extensive area of low heat flow, spreading over the whole basin of the Mediterranean east of Crete (Levantine Sea), Cyprus, and northern Egypt. The average of the marine heat flow measurements in the Levantine Sea is 25.7 ± 8.4 mW/m2, and the heat flow on Cyprus is 28.0 ±8.0 mW/m2. The estimated values of heat flow in northern Egypt range from 38.3 ± 7.0 to 49.9 ±9.3 mW/m2, apparently with no consistent trend. To the east, on the coast of Israel, the heat flow values increase, ranging from 36.6 ± 22.4 to 56.7 ± 14.2 mW/m2 along a SSE trend. The trend apparently correlates with an increase in crustal thickness, which is about 23 km at the north-west base of the Nile-Delta-cone, and close to 40 km beneath Israel.

44 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The relationship of body temperature to the onset, and the subsequent alleviation, of hypothermia-induced retrograde amnesia (RA) was investigated and the possibility of different mechanisms underlying retention after Hypothermia and retrieval after recooling was suggested.
Abstract: The relationship of body temperature to the onset, and the subsequent alleviation, of hypothermia-induced retrograde amnesia (RA) was investigated. In Experiment 1, the retention of a passive avoidance task and the body temperature at the time of testing were assessed at intervals of 4, 8, 12, and 16 h after training/amnesic treatment. While retention was evident for up to 12 h posthypothermia treatment, it was clear that body temperature did not index magnitude of RA. A second experiment examined the alleviation of hypothermia-induced RA as a function of body temperature and retention interval. Memory recovery was facilitated at both 1- and 7-day intervals when testing occurred at 29°-31°C but not at 33°–35°C. The possibility of different mechanisms underlying retention after hypothermia and retrieval after recooling was suggested. An alternative explanation in terms of contextual cues and cue utilization was also discussed.

43 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, caution should be exercised in possible misuse of these ratings until much more research is done, and the authors suggest that the use of such ratings should be considered with great care.
Abstract: Until much more research is done, caution should be exercised in possible misuse of these ratings.

42 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a series of field experiments was carried out to test a technique of behavior influence utilizing a modest, positive incentive, and the results showed that an incentive, regardless of the probability of payoff, raised belt use from about 15% to nearly 40%.
Abstract: Because previously-attempted methods of increasing automobile seat belt usage have proven to be either ineffective or unworkable, a series of field experiments was carried out to test a technique of behavior influence utilizing a modest, positive incentive. In three separate studies, seat belt use of 4,745 drivers was observed as they drove out of a parking lot, after receiving one of several safety reminder leaflets. Some versions of the leaflet offered a gift certificate to a certain proportion of drivers who wore seat belts; other versions offered no incentive. The results showed that an incentive, regardless of the probability of payoff, raised belt use from about 15% to nearly 40%. Implications for future research and applications are discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that neither an entirely standardized nor an entirely localized approach is necessarily best, and that the problem is that we are asking the wrong questions and that it is often the case that the home office, once it has arrived at the ''best'' campaign, is capable of imposing its will upon its foreign subsidaries, branches, or other operating divisions.
Abstract: A CADEMICIANS and practitioners alike have debated the desirability of standardized vs. locally tailored international advertising campaigns.! This dialogue has continued for well over a decade, and yet we seem little closer to complete agreement than when the issue was first joined. Perhaps the problem is that we are asking the wrong questions. Practically speaking, neither an entirely standardized nor an entirely localized approach is necessarily best. Proponents of the standardized approach often seem to assume that the finn's home office has the right answers, that it can develop the one best campaign for all the countries in which its products are marketed. Too often, these advocates also assume that the home office, once it has arrived at the \"best\" campaign, is capable of imposing its will upon its foreign subsidaries, branches, or other operating divisions. Such power, however, is often lacking. Even though a multinational finn may possess such power over its operating divisions, the very use of authority may in itself result in a less than optimal implementation of the standardized campaign by subordinate units. On the other hand, a purely localized effort has faults. Local autonomy may result in failure to utilize knowledge and expertise accumulated over many years by the parent finn. Widely differing local campaigns may yield disparate messages of varying degrees of effectiveness. This schizophrenic approach may well backfire because of differential message exposure on the part of consumers who travel freely among foreign market areas. This problem is particularly acute in Europe, much less so in South America and Asia. In addition, local autonomy creates a situation in which production costs may mount rapidly. The opportunity to effect economies of scale is reduced. Also, excessive local autonomy may create a situation in which overriding corporate objectives are not met or perhaps even considered.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Nine children with restricted syntactic and phonological development repeated 20 target consonants embbedded in noun phrase, simple declarative, and passive structures to determine the influence of syntactic complexity on accuracy of consonant production, suggesting that the effect of syntax onuracy of consonants production is quantitative rather than qualitative.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Nov 1978
TL;DR: The women-determined two-location family seems to be a relatively new pattern as mentioned in this paper, suggesting that the women's movement has helped create a situation where it is possible for women to get more support than men for women-dependent two location families.
Abstract: In a study of two-location families, we have seen that this lifestyle is not historically atypical. Male-determined two-location families have been established for economic and other reasons. The women-determined two-location family seems to be a relatively new pattern. We suggest that the Women's Movement has helped create a situation where it is possible for women to get more support than men for women-determined two-location families. The sustaining of intimacy in such marriages becomes problematic. Stress may be minimized when there is high career motivation in both parties, acceptance of the wife's career motivation by the husband, high incomes, geographical propinquity, and a long-term marital relationship.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors address the question of how far into the past previous land-use patterns provide significant information concerning present or future patterns and propose an information-theoretic approach that permits both statistical and graphical analysis.
Abstract: This paper addresses the question of how far into the past previous land-use patterns provide significant information concerning present or future patterns. The provision of information is viewed as a reduction in uncertainty. An information-theoretic approach that permits both statistical and graphical analysis is suggested. Application of this method to the analysis of land-use change in three townships on the fringe of Akron, Ohio suggests that, to a varying degree, the processes of change are first-order Markov processes.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on peer ratings, which can be used as predictors of performance and sources of performance evaluation or criterion measures, and find that peer ratings are not in alignment with other sources such as self-report or superiors' performance reports.
Abstract: The article focuses on peer ratings, which can be used as predictors of performance and sources of performance evaluation or criterion measures. Doubt about the utility of peer-ratings analysis comes from past research which found that peer ratings are not in alignment with other sources such as self-report or superiors' performance reports. Friendships, sub-group effects, and stereotypes are validity factors in the analysis of employee job behavior. Peer rating information can be used as a source of feedback and self-development tool.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors characterize and interrelate various degrees of stability and semipositivity for real square matrices having nonpositive off-diagonal entries, denoted respectively by A, L, and S.

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1978
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the analog of the classical Chebyshev polynomials for this new approximation problem, and showed that the convergence properties of sequences of incomplete polynomial sequences of the special form (i.e., k = [\theta n]^n {{a_k}{x^k}} are tight.
Abstract: In [2], G. G. Lorentz recently raised interesting new questions concerning the uniform approximation of continuous functions on [0,1] by sequences of polynomials of the special form \(\sum\limits_{k = [\theta n]}^n {{a_k}{x^k}}\) , θ fixed with 0 < θ < 1, n arbitrary, n ≥ 0. Some convergence properties of sequences of such incomplete polynomials were studied by the authors [6], and by Kemperman and Lorentz [1]. In this present paper, we investigate the analog of the classical Chebyshev polynomials for this new approximation problem.

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1978
TL;DR: The MMPI as mentioned in this paper is the most widely used personality inventory in the United States, and it has been classified as an objective technique for personality inventory testing, which is a subjective art which requires a well-trained and experienced practitioner to give such scores.
Abstract: The MMPI deserves inclusion in this volume because it is the most widely used personality inventory in the United States (Lubin, Wallis, & Paine, 1971). In contrast to projective techniques such as the Rorschach and Thematic Apperception Test, which have ambiguous stimuli and unstructured response formats, the nonambiguous stimuli (self-reference statements) and structured response format (true/false) of the MMPI qualify it for classification as an objective technique. While much has been written about the differences between projective and objective techniques, the two categories of tests probably are more alike than different. Both kinds of tests have as a primary goal the prediction of important nontest behavior of examinees. In addition, the interpretation of both objective and projective test data is “a highly subjective art which requires a well-trained and experienced practitioner to give such ‘scores’ predictive meaning in the life of any given human being” (Matarazzo, 1972, p. 11).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of structural relationships between targets and masks were investigated using a backward masking paradigm using a blank flash, string of overlapped letters, pseudowords, and words.
Abstract: The effects of structural relationships between targets and masks were investigated using a backward-masking paradigm. Specifically, the masking of single letters, common fiveletter words, and five-letter pseudowords masked by a blank flash, strings of overlapped letters, pseudowords, and words was investigated. Target duration was varied from 2 to 32 msec, with mask duration held constant at 25 msec. The dependent measure was the critical interstimulus interval for correct target identification. Letters were more effectively masked than words and pseudowords. A blank mask caused the least amount of masking, followed by the overlapped letter strings, and then the word and pseudoword masks. In addition to the overall greater masking effectiveness for the three patterned masks, overlapped letter strings masked letters more effectively than they did words. The implications of current theories of masking for these results and the implications of these results for theories of word recognition were discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This tRNA is unique in having X, 3-Amino-3-carboxy-n-propyl)uridine in loop I rather than in loop III; Q, 7-deazaguanosine in the wobble position of loop II; and Z, an unknown, and presently uncharacterized nucleoside, at position 23 from the 3′ terminus usually occupied by ribothymidine.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: For instance, the authors found that women reported being significantly more assertive than men on four of the five items of the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule, although over all, men's scores showed men reported being more confident.
Abstract: Summary.-This study compares the use of tests and a more conservative stepwise multiple regression analysis of sex differences of self-reported nssertion. Using this procedure, women reported being significantly more assertive than men on four of the five items of the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule, although over-all, men's scores showed men reported being more assertive. Different results of Hollandsworth and Wall (1977) and Rathus and Nevid (in press) were discussed in terms of sample and situational specificity. Still, this study showed no significant sex differences on 24 of 30 items. Although two erudite reviews (McFall & Marston, 1970; Rich & Schroeder, 1976) pinpoint four major problem areas (definition, identification of components of assertive behavior, assertiveness training, measurement and assessment of assertive behavior), few studies have raised a question about sex differences in assertiveness and the possible consequences of such differences. It is generally assumed that women are less assertive (using the definition cited in these review articles) than men (Block, 1973; Condry & Dyer, 1976), this is categorically bad (Friedan, 1963), and the consequences are not good for women (Oliver & Taylor, 1978). Hence, it is not surprising to find that female law students volunteered fewer answers in class than did male law students (Curtis, Zanna, & Campbell, 1975), that it was far more common for men to aspire to the professional careers when ability and talent are controlled (Ory & Helfr'ich, 1976), and that women who had shown leadership through achievement in the arts and sciences or by election to public office more strongly resembled men in their personality profiles in the same fields (Bachtold, 1976). Juxtaposed is the mammoth Maccoby and Jacklin study (1974) in which they summarize: "On the whole, recent observational work does not reveal any consistent tendency for one sex to be more timid than the other" (p. 184). No doubt demand characteristics of situations may account for some of these findings. Still, if there are differences in assertiveness associated with sexes,'research and training thrusts will then need to focus on different variables.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results indicate that S. stagnalis is a trophic generalist, a fact that explains in part its occurrence in a great variety of wetland habitats.
Abstract: The ability of larvae of Scatella stagnalis Fallen, a widely distributed species of Ephydridae, to utilize monocultures of 17 species of algae belonging to the classes Bacillariophyceae (diatoms), Chlorophyceae (green algae), Xanthophyceae (yellow-green algae), Cyanophyceae (blue-green algae), and Euglenophyceae (euglenoids) was determined. Thirteen of the 17 algal monocultures allowed larvae to attain the adult stage. Only species of Ankistrodesmus (Chlorophyceae), Melosira and Asterionella (Bacillariophyceae), and Cylindrospermum (Cyanophyceae) were completely unsuitable as larval food. However, even among the 13 algal species that were satisfactory foods, there were distinct differences in the egg to adult developmental time. The shortest avg developmental time (12.1 days) was obtained on the diatom Navicula pellieulosa (Brebisson) Hilse; the longest (23.0), on the blue-green alga Nostoe muscorum Agardh. The results indicate that S. stagnalis is a trophic generalist, a fact that explains in part its occurrence in a great variety of wetland habitats.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The effects of music aptitude, sex, handedness, eyedness, and footedness on music achievement and executive skills of elementary instrumental music students was explored by as mentioned in this paper, where handedness was defined for
Abstract: The effects of music aptitude, sex, handedness, eyedness, and footedness on music achievement and executive skills of elementary instrumental music students was explored Handedness was defined for

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors highlight the nonuniqueness of complex rational approximations to real functions on real finite intervals and present three different examples of such a non-uniqueness.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a programmatic effort to elicit and reanalyze data stemming from the evaluation of social programs is presented, where the stress is on identifying problems and negotiating for data and analyzing it.
Abstract: This paper is based on a programmatic effort to elicit and reanalyze data stemming from the evaluation of social programs. The stress is on identifying problems and negotiating for data and analyzing it. This includes: researchers' reluctance to disclose data for documentation and data control systems; vague or nonexistent policy for assuring access. The possible solutions presented here are based on governmental regulation and policy for publicly supported evaluation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: High egocentrism was shown to correlate with classroom adjustment for both boys and girls and with peer group status for boys, and the pattern of correlations suggested that the negative consequences of persistent egocentRism were different for the two sexes.
Abstract: This study examined the relationship between persistent egocentrism and adjustment status in normal school children. Fifty-three fourth-graders (33 males, 20 females) were administered measures of egocentrism and peer sociometric status, and indices of classroom adjustment were obtained from teachers. Degree of egocentrism was shown to correlate with classroom adjustment for both boys and girls and with peer group status for boys. The pattern of correlations suggested that the negative consequences of persistent egocentrism were different for the two sexes, with high egocentrism associated with shy, anxious behavior for girls and acting-out and learning difficulties for boys.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Experiments on the use of chronically applied restraint to reduce the number of mammary tumors developing in response to treatment of rats with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene indicated that this inhibitory effect was largely due to restraint applied after the induction period; preinduction restraint and induction period restraint had no significant effect on tumor development.
Abstract: Experiments on the use of chronically applied restraint to reduce the number of mammary tumors developing in response to treatment of rats with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene indicated that this inhibitory effect was largely due to restraint applied after the induction period; preinduction restraint and induction period restraint had no significant effect on tumor development. After termination of the restraint treatment, the rate at which new tumors appeared first increased and then decreased. Restraint did not affect the proportion of tumors regressing after ovariectomy.

Journal Article
TL;DR: Reexamination of the type material of Squilla?
Abstract: Reexamination of the type material of Squilla? kiowana Scott, 1970 and study of additional specimens of the same taxon indicates that it is a mecochirid decapod referable to a new genus, Huhatanka. This assignment brings to five the number of North American species referable to the Mecochiridae.