Showing papers by "Kent State University published in 1979"
TL;DR: The phylogenetic relationships of the newly discovered fossil hominids are assessed and a new taxon, Australopithecus afarensis, is created to accommodate these Pliocene hominid fossils.
Abstract: A large sample of Pliocene fossil hominid remains has been recovered from the African sites of Hadar in Ethiopia and Laetolil in Tanzania. These collections, dating approximately between 2.9 and 3.8 million years ago, constitute the earliest substantial record of the family Hominidae. This article assesses the phylogenetic relationships of the newly discovered fossil hominids and provides a taxonomy consistent with that assessment. A new taxon, Australopithecus afarensis, has been created to accommodate these Pliocene hominid fossils.
525 citations
TL;DR: Several improvements have been made to the Monte-Carlo neutron detector efficiency code of Stanton to provide improved agreement with several different detector efficiency measurements as mentioned in this paper, including a re-adjustment of the inelastic cross sections for neutron-induced reactions on carbon, adoption of new light-response functions, use of relativistic kinematics, and exact determination of light deposited by escaping charged particles.
378 citations
335 citations
TL;DR: Old memory, when reactivated by cue exposure, was disrupted by mild or deep hypothermia treatments; new memory was impaired only by deep cooling, and old but not new learning showed spontaneous recovery.
Abstract: Old memory, when reactivated by cue exposure, was disrupted by mild or deep hypothermia treatments. New memory was impaired only by deep cooling. Moreover, old but not new learning showed spontaneous recovery. Old reactivated memory may be qualitatively different from newly acquired memory.
193 citations
TL;DR: This paper evaluates the accuracy of a range of reasonable forms fordistance estimating functions using samples of urban and rural road distances to derive better distance estimating functions for analyzing systems with distance related performance measures.
Abstract: Some management science models require estimates of distances between points in a road network based on the point coordinates. This paper evaluates the accuracy of a range of reasonable forms for distance estimating functions using samples of urban and rural road distances. The intent is to derive better distance estimating functions for analyzing systems with distance related performance measures.
Contrary to a standard assumption, the rectangular distance function is inferior to the simple Euclidean metric in the urban samples. More general functions provide still greater improvement over the rectangular metric. Statistical significance accompanies these conclusions. One of the more general functions appears particularly suited to rural distances.
185 citations
TL;DR: In this article, anion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography was used for fractionation of phosphorus compounds in two cutrophic lakes and a humic bog in northeastern Ohio.
Abstract: Abstmct Complex phosphorus compounds were classified functionally according to the manner by which orthophosphate was released. Filtrable phosphorus compounds in two cutrophic lakes (East and West Twin lakes) and a humic bog (Crazy Eddie Bog) in northeastern Ohio wcrc fractionated by anion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. Fractions were analyzed for soluble reactive phosphorus and total dissolved phosphorus; absorbance at 400 nm was used as a measure of filtrable “yellow acids.” The cutrophic lakes contained numerous low molecular weight compounds which were resistant to low-dose ultraviolet irradiation but readily released orthophosphate upon treatment with alkaline phosphatase. Filtrable phosphorus compounds of the humic bog were predominantly high molecular weight, cochromatographed with the yellow acids in each fractionation procedure, and resisted enzyme hydrolysis, but released orthophosphate upon irradiation with low doses of ultraviolet light.
137 citations
TL;DR: The results from five studies designed to estimate the magnitude and effects of leniency on subordinate-provided descriptions of leader Consideration and Initiating Structure are reported in this article. But, the results of these studies indicate that subordinate reports of leader initiating structure are not particularly susceptible to the effects of the leniency.
91 citations
TL;DR: Comparison of hindlimb musculoskeletal anatomy shows statistically significant differences in the lengths of the long bones and the height of the talus of Lemur catta and Lemur fulvus are consistent with differences in habitat and substrate utilization.
Abstract: Sympatric populations of Lemur catta and Lemur fulvus show major differences in their occupation of canopy forest levels. Lemur catta is usually found in the lowest levels of the forest, and uses the ground for travel over 65% of the time. Lemur fulvus uses the upper levels of the canopy forest and is observed on the ground in less than 2% of all observations. Comparison of hindlimb musculoskeletal anatomy shows statistically significant differences in the lengths of the long bones and the height of the talus. Differences also occur in ranges of tibio-talar and mid-talar joint mobility. The details of insertion of the biceps femoris muscle are distinct in the two species as is the relative mass of muscle associated with flexion of the pedal digits, and flexion of the tibio-talar joint. The metric and morphological differences in the hindlimb anatomy of Lemur catta and Lemur fulvus are consistent with differences in habitat and substrate utilization.
84 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a new proof based on the Perron-Frobenius theory of nonnegative matrices is given of a result of Hurwitz on the sharpness of the classical Enestrom-Kakeya theorem for estimating the moduli of the zeros of a polynomial with positive real coefficients.
82 citations
TL;DR: Females and males responded to a female confederate who behaved either non-assertively, assertively, or aggressively in role-played situations involving refusals and requests for behavior change as mentioned in this paper.
81 citations
TL;DR: Syntactic structure and word structure significantly affected the accuracy of articulation and the degree of word simplification, which may contribute to overall hierarchial complexity, in turn causing children to simplify their speech.
Abstract: The effects of syntactic and phonological structure on the consonant articulations of children with phonological deficits were investigated. Three structural variables were studied: syntactic struc...
TL;DR: The authors created sixteen groups of part-time employees in a retail sales organization by classifying employees by the number of hours they worked per week and whether they were employed on a seasonal job.
Abstract: Sixteen groups of part time employees in a retail sales organization were created by classifying employees by the number of hours they worked per week and whether they were employed on a seasonal o...
TL;DR: It was concluded that aggression is a function of the interaction of alcohol consumption and level of provocation.
Abstract: Intoxicated and nonintoxicated subjects were given the opportunity to administer a potentially injurious level of shock to an opponent who behaved in either a provocative or an extremely provocative manner. The provocative opponent attempted to administer high-intensity shocks to the subject. The extremely provocative opponent attempted to administer high-intensity shocks and the potentially injurious level of shock. The intoxicated subjects in the extreme provocation condition evidenced the greatest increase in the use of the potentially injurious shock. It was concluded that aggression is a function of the interaction of alcohol consumption and level of provocation.
TL;DR: Differences in amount and type of private speech between hyperactive and nonhyperactive boys were found to indicate that hyperactive boys may be presenting a specific or general cognitive lag in development.
Abstract: Types and amount of private speech (audible talking that is not addressed to another person) were assessed during the free play of 16 hyperactive and 16 nonhyperactive boys. Verbalizations were coded into nine categories that denoted the boys' level of use of verbal control of their own behavior (Luria, 1961; Kohlberg, Yeager, & Hjertholm; 1968). Differences in amount and type of private speech between hyperactive and nonhyperactive boys were found to indicate that hyperactive boys may be presenting a specific or general cognitive lag in development. Treatment ramifications are discussed.
01 Jan 1979
TL;DR: Four distinct methods are employed to show that this assumption commonly is not fulfilled for Landsat data; the data must be sampled no closer than every 10th pixel in order to yield independent estimators.
Abstract: Many computer algorithms for the analysis of Landsat data have a statistical basis which requires that the observations comprise independent samples Four distinct methods are employed to show that this assumption commonly is not fulfilled for these data Each leads to a similar conclusion; the data must be sampled no closer than every 10th pixel in order to yield independent estimators The implications of this are illustrated with a simple example
TL;DR: It appears therefore that speakers with apraxia of speech systematically reduce linguistic complexity and simplify the production of consonants.
TL;DR: In this article, a detailed theory of motional averaging as applied to the spinning techniques is reported for the first time, and the temperature dependence of these order parameters in this fixed-tilt-angle system is then determined.
Abstract: Deuterium magnetic-resonance studies of spectral patterns from spinning samples are made to measure the relative contribution of various orientational order mechanisms to the biaxiality of the hydrocarbon chain in the smectic C phase. The detailed theory of motional averaging as applied to the spinning techniques is reported for the first time. Orientational order parameters measurable by this technique representing various aspects of molecular orientational order are discussed. The technique is applied to a particular compound n-heptyloxyazoxybenzene, where it is possible to distinguish between those order parameters which result from rotational biasing about the long molecular axis and those order parameters which do not. The temperature dependence of these order parameters in this fixed-tilt-angle system is then determined.
TL;DR: Hemolymph ecdysone titers were measured by radioimmunoassay at different molt stages as discussed by the authors, and it was suggested that ecdcysone may be produced intermittently for precise control of premolt developmental changes.
TL;DR: The complete nucleotide sequences of both rat liver and Walker 256 mammary carcinosarcoma tRNAAsn reveal that they are identical except for the nucleotide present in the wobble position of the anticodon loop.
Abstract: The complete nucleotide sequences of both rat liver and Walker 256 mammary carcinosarcoma tRNAAsn reveal that they are identical except for the nucleotide present in the wobble position of the anticodon loop. The rat liver tRNAAsn contains the Q nucleoside, whereas the tumour tRNAAsn contains an unmodified guanosine. The tRNAs from both tissues also show significant quantitative differences in the chromatographic mobilities for isoaccepting species of tRNAAsp, tRNAAsn, tRNAHis and tRNATyr. In addition, chromatographic shifts upon cyanogen bromide treatment and analyses of the alkaline hydrolysates of these tRNAs demonstrate that those of tumour origin contain significantly less Q and Q nucleoside than their normal rat liver counterparts.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In the Kelly and Carter Creek areas of the Ruby Range, southwestern Montana, mineral assemblages indicate orthopyroxene-zone and sillimanite-K felspar-zone metamorphism, respectively as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Mineral assemblages in the Kelly and Carter Creek areas of the Ruby Range, southwestern Montana, indicate orthopyroxene-zone and sillimanite-K felspar-zone metamorphism, respectively Because the two areas are small and contain diverse lithologies, they are ideal for a comparative study of mineral-pair geothermometers and grade indicators For the Kelly area, various major-element methods (clinopyroxene-orthopyroxene, garnet-orthopyroxene, garnet-hornblende, garnet-biotite, and K feldspar-plagioclase) yield a consensus peak temperature estimate of 745 +- 50/sup 0/C For the Carter Creek area, garnet-clinopyroxene, garnet-hornblende, garnet-biotite, and K fledspar-plagioclase methods plus assemblage data yield 675 +- 45/sup 0/c Coexisting quartz and magnetite in metamorphic iron-formations from the two areas yield anomalously low temperature estimates of 530 +- 15/sup 0/C and 475 +- 25/sup 0/C, respectively, based on oxygen isotopic fractionations of 841 +- 030 per mil and 992 +- 020 per mil Similarly, Mg distributions between calcite and dolomite in metadolomites from the Kelly area yield estimates of ca 545/sup 0/C These lower temperatures are probably the result of (1) solid-state diffusion of chemical species between minerals; or (2) recrystallization of quartz, magnetite, and carbonates (ie, the non-refractory minerals) during retrograde or subsequent low-grade metamorphism Another low estimate (545/sup 0/C) is obtained from rim compositions of coexisting garnetmore » and cordierite in one magnesian meta-pelite sample from the Kelly area This estimate is consistent with the observation of cordierite coronas on garnet, a texture that suggests retrograde origin for the cordierite These data show it cannot be assumed a priori that a given geothermometer will record peak metamorphic temperature Instead, the bimodal discordance of estimates presented here reflects the varied response of different mineral pairs to a given metamorphic and tectonic history« less
TL;DR: This article examined several situational moderators of the relationship between job scope and responses among part-time organizational members and found that the complexity of the job was positively and strongly related to all dependent variables, and little evidence for moderators was found using subgroup analysis and moderated regression.
01 Jan 1979
TL;DR: In this article, an exploratory analysis of what an instructional context is and what are the rules for functioning communicatively within and across each context is presented, where the identification and interpretation of specific cognitive and structural cues is not the whole story in the child's task of identifying context and enacting the correct social rule.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter presents an exploratory analysis of what an instructional context is and what are the rules for functioning communicatively within and across each context. Study of teaching is ultimately the study of the development of social contexts of the classroom. Because teaching is primarily a communicative process, knowledge about the social contexts can be obtained through the analysis of how people communicate, that is, how people interact with and act upon the messages of others to achieve the social and instructional goals of the classroom. The identification and interpretation of specific cognitive and structural cues is not the whole story in the child's task of identifying context and enacting the correct social rule. The need for retrospective evaluation of teacher/child interaction in educational settings has been recognized by researchers concerned with the study of teaching and teacher effectiveness.
TL;DR: Investigation of the retention of an attribute of a tonal CS that had been paired with shock and was thus capable of eliciting a conditioned emotional response (CER) in rats suggested that memory for specific attributes of the CS does diminish as a function of time.
Abstract: Although a number of studies have demonstrated nearly complete retention of fear in a conditioned suppression task, they provide little information about the nature of the memory for the CS. The purpose of the present experiment was to investigate the retention of an attribute of a tonal CS that had been paired with shock and was thus capable of eliciting a conditioned emotional response (CER) in rats. The Kamin blocking effect was utilized to detect changes in the memory of CS attributes. Either 1 or 21 days following conditioning to a tone, separate groups of rats received compound conditioning in which either the original or a novel tone was combined with a light. Subsequent measurement of suppression to the added element (light) indicated that only the original CS produced blocking at the short delay, but that both original and novel tones resulted in blocking at the 21-day interval. This increase in the extent of blocking suggests that memory for specific attributes of the CS does diminish as a function of time.
TL;DR: A system for the determination of oxalic acid in human urine using ion exchange-ion pair, high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLCEC), and Quantitative data are obtained by the method of standard addition in the clinically significant range from 5 to 40 mg/liter.
Abstract: A system for the determination of oxalic acid in human urine using ion exchange-ion pair, high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLCEC) is described. Urine is acidified with HCl, and excess CaCl2 is added to precipitate oxalate ion. The precipitate is isolated, redissolved in dilute sulfuric acid, and separated on a strong cation exchange column using an acetic acid-solium acetate-tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate mobile phase adjusted to pH 2.8. Using an electrochemical detector at 1.25 volts vs. the saturated calomel electrode (SCE), oxalic acid exhibits a linear dynamic range from 1 to 1000 mg/liter with a detection limit of 0.1 mg/liter. Quantitative data are obtained by the method of standard addition in the clinically significant range from 5 to 40 mg/liter. Percentage recovery for spiked urine samples was 97.8% with a relative standard deviation of 2.5%.
TL;DR: Subjects who consumed alcohol indicated that they expected their opponent to set higher intensities of shock than did the nonintoxicated subjects, supporting the hypothesis that alcohol may disturb a person's ability to judge the degree to which he is being threatened.
Abstract: 10 intoxicated and 10 nonintoxicated subjects expressed their expectations regarding the level of shock they anticipated receiving from their opponent in a competitive reaction time situation. Prior to receiving any knowledge concerning their opponents' aggressive intent, subjects who consumed alcohol indicated that they expected their opponent to set higher intensities of shock than did the nonintoxicated subjects. This finding supports the hypothesis that alcohol may disturb a person's ability to judge the degree to which he is being threatened.
TL;DR: Kinetic studies on the RNase T 1 -catalyzed transesterification of 12 dinucleoside monophosphates revealed that the catalytic efficiency for GpN substrates was higher than corresponding ApNs and at least 10 8 -fold greater than corresponding CpNs and UpNs, and indicated that the primary effect of the guanine 2-NH 2 group is to enhance substrate binding at the primary recognition site by ~2.6 kcal/mol.