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Showing papers by "Kent State University published in 2005"


Journal ArticleDOI
Joseph Adams1, Madan M. Aggarwal2, Zubayer Ahammed3, J. Amonett4  +363 moreInstitutions (46)
TL;DR: In this paper, the most important experimental results from the first three years of nucleus-nucleus collision studies at RHIC were reviewed, with emphasis on results of the STAR experiment.

2,750 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Standard scoring of the BFNE may not be optimal for patients with social anxiety disorder, and confirmatory factor analysis indicated a 2-factor solution to be more appropriate.
Abstract: The Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNE; M. R. Leary, 1983a) is often used to assess fear of negative evaluation, the core feature of social anxiety disorder. However, few studies have examined its psychometric properties in large samples of socially anxious patients. Although the BFNE yields a single total score, confirmatory factor analysis indicated a 2-factor solution to be more appropriate, with the 1st factor consisting of all straightforwardly worded items (BFNE-S) and the 2nd of all reverse-scored items (BFNE-R). Support was obtained for the convergent and discriminant validity of the BFNE and BFNE-S, but not the BFNE-R. These results suggest that standard scoring of the BFNE may not be optimal for patients with social anxiety disorder.

465 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Joseph Adams1, Madan M. Aggarwal2, Zubayer Ahammed3, J. Amonett4  +374 moreInstitutions (46)
TL;DR: The results from the STAR Collaboration on directed flow (v(1), elliptic flow, and the fourth harmonic in the anisotropic azimuthal distribution of particles from Au+Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV are summarized and compared with results from other experiments and theoretical models.
Abstract: The results from the STAR Collaboration on directed flow (v(1)), elliptic flow (v(2)), and the fourth harmonic (v(4)) in the anisotropic azimuthal distribution of particles from Au+Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV are summarized and compared with results from other experiments and theoretical models. Results for identified particles are presented and fit with a blast-wave model. Different anisotropic flow analysis methods are compared and nonflow effects are extracted from the data. For v(2), scaling with the number of constituent quarks and parton coalescence are discussed. For v(4), scaling with v(2)(2) and quark coalescence are discussed.

448 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: For example, this paper found that individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) reported greater emotion intensity and fear of the experience of depression than persons with social anxiety disorder and nonanxious control participants.
Abstract: From an emotion regulation framework, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) can be conceptualized as a syndrome involving heightened intensity of subjective emotional experience, poor understanding of emotion, negative reactivity to emotional experience, and the use of maladaptive emotion management strategies (including over-reliance on cognitive control strategies such as worry). The current study sought to replicate previous findings of emotion dysregulation among individuals with GAD and delineate which aspects of emotion dysregulation are specific to GAD or common to GAD and another mental disorder (social anxiety disorder). Individuals with GAD reported greater emotion intensity and fear of the experience of depression than persons with social anxiety disorder and nonanxious control participants. Individuals with social anxiety disorder indicated being less expressive of positive emotions, paying less attention to their emotions, and having more difficulty describing their emotions than either persons with GAD or controls. Measures of emotion differentiated GAD, social anxiety disorder, and normal control groups with good accuracy in a discriminant function analysis. Findings are discussed in light of theoretical and treatment implications for both disorders.

416 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Joseph Adams1, C. Adler2, Madan M. Aggarwal3, Zubayer Ahammed4  +366 moreInstitutions (41)
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reconstructed hadrons in 0.15 4 4 GeV/c collisions with pp and Au+Au at the radical (s{sub NN}) = 200 GeV and the associated multiplicity and p{sub perpendicular} magnitude sum were found to increase from pp to central Au+AU collisions.
Abstract: Charged hadrons in 0.15 4 GeV/c are reconstructed in pp and Au+Au collisions at {radical}(s{sub NN})=200 GeV. The associated multiplicity and p{sub perpendicular} magnitude sum are found to increase from pp to central Au+Au collisions. The associated p{sub perpendicular} distributions, while similar in shape on the nearside, are significantly softened on the awayside in central Au+Au relative to pp and not much harder than that of inclusive hadrons. The results, consistent with jet quenching, suggest that the awayside fragments approach equilibration with the medium traversed.

403 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
17 Aug 2005
TL;DR: The key requirements of ExScal, the corresponding design of the hardware/software platform and application, and some results of the authors' experiments are overviewed.
Abstract: Project ExScal (for extreme scale) fielded a 1000+ node wireless sensor network and a 200+ node peer-to-peer ad hoc network of 802.11 devices in a 13km by 300m remote area in Florida, USA during December 2004. In comparison with previous deployments, the ExScal application is relatively complex and its networks are the largest ones of either type fielded to date. In this paper, we overview the key requirements of ExScal, the corresponding design of the hardware/software platform and application, and some results of our experiments.

353 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evolutionary aspects of the human spine and pelvis are reviewed, including their impact on several clinically relevant aspects of human gait and posture and the selective agencies that have guided its evolution during the past three million years.

347 citations


Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2005
TL;DR: In this paper, the Construct of Coherence as an Indicator of Attachment Security in Middle Childhood: The Friends and Family Interview, Howard Steele and Miriam Steele 8.1.
Abstract: 1. Ontogeny of Attachment in Middle Childhood: Conceptualization of Normative Changes, Ofra Mayseless 2. Developmental Contextual Considerations of Parent-Child Attachment in the Later Middle Childhood Years, Rhonda A. Richardson 3. Assessing Attachment in Middle Childhood, Kathryn A. Kerns, Andrew Schlegelmilch, Theresa A. Morgan, and Michelle M. Abraham 4. The Attachment Hierarchy in Middle Childhood: Conceptual and Methodological Issues, Roger Kobak, Natalie Rosenthal, and Asia Serwik 5. Dimensions of Attachment in Middle Childhood, Jennifer L. Yunger, Brooke C. Corby, and David G. Perry 6. Attachment in Infancy and in Early and Late Childhood: A Longitudinal Study, Massimo Ammaniti, Anna Maria Speranza, and Silvia Fedele 7. The Construct of Coherence as an Indicator of Attachment Security in Middle Childhood: The Friends and Family Interview, Howard Steele and Miriam Steele 8. Attachment and Friendship Predictors of Psychosocial Functioning in Middle Childhood and the Mediating Roles of Social Support and Self-Worth, Cathryn Booth-LaForce, Kenneth H. Rubin, Linda Rose-Krasnor, and Kim B. Burgess 9. Quality of Attachment at School Age: Relations between Child Attachment Behavior, Psychosocial Functioning, and School Performance, Ellen Moss, Diane St-Laurent, Karine Dubois-Comtois, and Chantal Cyr 10. Perceived Security of Attachment to Mother and Father in 8- to 11-Year-Olds: Developmental Differences and Relations to Self-Worth and Peer Relationships at School, Karine Verschueren and Alfons Marcoen 11. Examining Relationships between Students and Teachers: A Potential Extension of Attachment Theory?, Laura T. Zionts 12. Relationships Past, Present, and Future: Reflections on Attachment in Middle Childhood, H. Abigail Raikes and Ross A. Thompson

315 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Women with varying socioeconomic status (SES) monitored positive and negative psychosocial experiences and emotions across 2 days to test several tenets of the reserve capacity model and found that lower SES was associated with less perceived control and positive affect and more social strain.
Abstract: The current study used ecological momentary assessment to test several tenets of the reserve capacity model (L.C. Gallo & K. A. Matthews, 2003). Women (N = 108) with varying socioeconomic status (SES) monitored positive and negative psychosocial experiences and emotions across 2 days. Measures of intrapsychic and social resources were aggregated to represent the reserve capacity available to manage stress. Lower SES was associated with less perceived control and positive affect and more social strain. Control and strain contributed to the association between SES and positive affect. Lower SES elicited greater positive but not negative emotional reactivity to psychosocial experiences. Women with low SES had fewer resources relative to those with higher SES, and resources contributed to the association between SES and daily experiences.

285 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The hypotheses that the interaction of OPN with HA is determined by the extent of protein phosphorylation and that this interaction regulates the mineralization process are tested are tested.
Abstract: Previous in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that osteopontin (OPN) is an inhibitor of the formation and growth of hydroxyapatite (HA) and other biominerals. The present study tests the hypotheses that the interaction of OPN with HA is determined by the extent of protein phosphorylation and that this interaction regulates the mineralization process. Bone OPN as previously reported inhibited HA formation and HA-seeded growth in a gelatin-gel system. A transglutaminase-linked OPN polymer had similar effects. Recombinant, nonphosphorylated OPN and chemically dephosphorylated OPN, had no effect on HA formation or growth in this system. In contrast, highly phosphorylated milk OPN (mOPN) promoted HA formation. The mOPN stabilized the conversion of amorphous calcium phosphate (a noncrystalline constituent of milk) to HA, whereas bone OPN had a lesser effect on this conversion. Mixtures of OPN and osteocalcin known to form a complex in vitro, unexpectedly promoted HA formation. To test the hypothesis that small alterations in protein conformation caused by phosphorylation account for the differences in the observed ability of OPN to interact with HA, the conformation of bone OPN and mOPN in the presence and absence of crystalline HA was determined by attenuated total reflection (ATR) infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Both proteins exhibited a predominantly random coil structure, which was unaffected by the addition of Ca2+. Binding to HA did not alter the secondary structure of bone OPN, but induced a small increase of β-sheet (few percent) in mOPN. These data taken together suggest that the phosphorylation of OPN is an important factor in regulating the OPN-mediated mineralization process.

281 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
V. A. Punjabi1, C. F. Perdrisat2, K. A. Aniol3, F. T. Baker4, J. Berthot5, P.Y. Bertin5, William Bertozzi6, A. Besson5, L. Bimbot7, W. U. Boeglin8, E. J. Brash9, E. J. Brash10, E. J. Brash11, D. S. Brown12, J. R. Calarco13, L. Cardman9, Z. Chai6, C. C. Chang12, Jian-Ping Chen9, E. Chudakov9, S. Churchwell14, E. Cisbani15, D. S. Dale16, R. De Leo, A. Deur5, A. Deur9, B. Diederich17, J. Domingo9, M. B. Epstein3, L. A. Ewell12, Kevin Fissum18, Kevin Fissum6, Andre Fleck10, H. Fonvieille5, Salvatore Frullani15, J. Gao19, J. Gao6, Franco Garibaldi15, A. Gasparian20, A. Gasparian16, G. M. Gerstner2, Shalev Gilad6, Ronald Gilman, A. V. Glamazdin21, Charles Glashausser22, J. Gomez9, V. Gorbenko21, A. Green, J. O. Hansen9, C. R. Howell14, G. M. Huber10, M. Iodice15, C. W. de Jager9, S. Jaminion5, X. Jiang22, M. K. Jones9, M. K. Jones2, W. Kahl23, James J. Kelly12, M. Khayat24, Laird Kramer8, G. Kumbartzki22, M. Kuss9, E. Lakuriki25, G. Laveissière5, J. J. LeRose9, M. Liang9, R. A. Lindgren26, Nilanga Liyanage6, Nilanga Liyanage9, Nilanga Liyanage26, G. J. Lolos10, R. Macri14, R. Madey24, R. Madey20, S. Malov22, D. J. Margaziotis3, Pete Markowitz8, K. McCormick22, K. McCormick24, K. McCormick17, Justin I. McIntyre22, R. L.J. van der Meer9, R. L.J. van der Meer10, R. Michaels9, B. D. Milbrath27, J. Y. Mougey, S. K. Nanda9, E. A.J.M. Offermann9, Z. Papandreou10, L. Pentchev2, G. G. Petratos24, N. M. Piskunov28, R. I. Pomatsalyuk21, David L. Prout24, G. Quéméner2, Ronald Ransome, Brian Raue8, Y. Roblin5, Y. Roblin9, R. Roche17, R. Roche29, G. Rutledge2, P. M. Rutt9, A. Saha9, T. Saito30, A. J. Sarty31, A. J. Sarty29, T. P. Smith13, Pavel Sorokin21, S. Strauch32, S. Strauch2, R. Suleiman6, R. Suleiman24, K. Takahashi30, J. A. Templon4, L. Todor17, L. Todor33, P. E. Ulmer17, G. M. Urciuoli15, P. Vernin, Branislav Vlahovic34, H. Voskanyan, K. Wijesooriya2, Bogdan Wojtsekhowski9, R. J. Woo35, F. Xiong6, George Dan Zainea10, Z. L. Zhou6 
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured Pt and P, the transverse and longitudinal recoil proton polarization components, respectively, for the elastic epepreaction in the four-momentum transfer squared range of 0.5 to 3.5 GeV2.
Abstract: The ratio of the proton elastic electromagnetic form factors, GEp/GMp, was obtained by measuring Pt and P, the transverse and longitudinal recoil proton polarization components, respectively, for the elastic epepreaction in the four-momentum transfer squared range of 0.5 to 3.5 GeV2. In the single-photon exchange approximation, GEp/GMp is directly proportional to Pt/P. The simultaneous measurement of Pt and P in a polarimeter reduces systematic uncertainties. The results for GEp/GMp show a systematic decrease with increasing Q2, indicating for the first time a definite difference in the distribution of charge and magnetization in the proton. The data have been reanalyzed and their systematic uncertainties have become significantly smaller than those reported previously. (Less)

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A highly graphitized ordered nanoporous carbon was synthesized by using commercial mesophase pitch as carbon precursor and siliceous colloidal crystal as template, and the pore size tailoring in the resulting ONCs is possible.
Abstract: A highly graphitized ordered nanoporous carbon (ONC) was synthesized by using commercial mesophase pitch as carbon precursor and siliceous colloidal crystal as template. Since silica colloids of different sizes (above 6 nm) and narrow particle size distribution are commercially available, the pore size tailoring in the resulting ONCs is possible.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Primary prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) entails intervening in the aftermath of a traumatic event to forestall the development of PTSD.
Abstract: Secondary prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) entails intervening in the aftermath of a traumatic event to forestall the development of PTSD. There has been little psychopharmacologic research in this area. This is surprising, given that PTSD is the mental disorder with the most clearly identified cause and onset. In a translational model of PTSD's pathogenesis presented herein: A traumatic event (unconditioned stimulus) overstimulates endogenous stress hormones (unconditioned response); these mediate an overconsolidation of the event's memory trace; recall of the event in response to reminders (conditioned stimulus); releases further stress hormones (conditioned response); these cause further overconsolidation; and the overconsolidated memory generates PTSD symptoms. Noradrenergic hyperactivity in the basolateral amygdala is hypothesized to mediate this cycle. Preventing pre-synaptic norepinephrine release with alpha2-adrenergic agonists or opioids, or blocking post-synaptic norepinephrine receptors with beta-adrenergic antagonists such as propranolol, reduces hormonally enhanced memories and fear conditioning. Two controlled studies of trauma victims presenting to emergency rooms suggest that posttrauma propranolol reduces subsequent PTSD, as does one naturalistic clinical study of morphine treatment of burned children. Cortisol both enhances memory consolidation and reduces memory retrieval, leading to mixed predictions. Two controlled studies of intensive care unit patients found that cortisol reduced PTSD. One study did not find benzodiazepines effective in preventing PTSD. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, antiepileptics, and alpha2-adrenergic agonists have yet to be tried.

Journal ArticleDOI
Joseph Adams1, Madan M. Aggarwal2, Zubayer Ahammed3, J. Amonett4  +361 moreInstitutions (44)
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a systematic analysis of two-pion interferometry in Au+Au collisions at {radical}(s{sub NN})=200 GeV using the STAR detector at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider.
Abstract: We present a systematic analysis of two-pion interferometry in Au+Au collisions at {radical}(s{sub NN})=200 GeV using the STAR detector at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. We extract the Hanbury-Brown and Twiss radii and study their multiplicity, transverse momentum, and azimuthal angle dependence. The Gaussianness of the correlation function is studied. Estimates of the geometrical and dynamical structure of the freeze-out source are extracted by fits with blast-wave parametrizations. The expansion of the source and its relation with the initial energy density distribution is studied.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the boundary value problem with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions was considered and conditions under which there exists a solution for any given $m \ge 1$.
Abstract: We consider the boundary value problem $ \Delta u + \varepsilon ^{2} k{\left( x \right)}e^{u} = 0$ in a bounded, smooth domain $\Omega$ in $ \mathbb{R}^{{\text{2}}} $ with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. Here $$ \varepsilon > 0,k(x) $$ is a non-negative, not identically zero function. We find conditions under which there exists a solution $ u_{\varepsilon } $ which blows up at exactly m points as $ \varepsilon \to 0 $ and satisfies $ \varepsilon ^{2} {\int_\Omega {ke^{{u_{\varepsilon } }} \to 8m\pi } }% $ . In particular, we find that if $k\in C^2(\bar\Omega)$ , $ \inf _{\Omega } k > 0 $ and $\Omega$ is not simply connected then such a solution exists for any given $m \ge 1$

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Nurses who were older, had more years of experience, were certified in a specialty, and rated themselves higher in insertion skill had significantly more successful insertions than their younger, less-experienced and less-skilled counterparts.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Periodic mesoporous organosilica with a heterocyclic bridging group of large molecular weight, tris[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]isocyanurate, is reported to have afforded material attractive for adsorption of mercury and related heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions.
Abstract: Periodic mesoporous organosilica with a heterocyclic bridging group of large molecular weight, tris[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]isocyanurate, is reported. Incorporation of an organic moiety into the silica framework afforded material attractive for adsorption of mercury and related heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that high initial urinary cortisol and epinephrine levels immediately following a traumatic event may be associated with increased risk for the development of subsequent acute PTSD symptoms, especially in boys.

Journal ArticleDOI
Joseph Adams1, Madan M. Aggarwal2, Zubayer Ahammed3, J. Amonett4  +361 moreInstitutions (43)
TL;DR: In this article, the midrapidity open charm spectra from direct reconstruction of D0(D0) and indirect electron-positron measurements via charm semileptonic decays in p+p and d+Au collisions at square root[sNN]=200 GeV are reported.
Abstract: Midrapidity open charm spectra from direct reconstruction of D0(D0)-->K-/+pi+/- in d+Au collisions and indirect electron-positron measurements via charm semileptonic decays in p+p and d+Au collisions at squareroot[sNN]=200 GeV are reported. The D0(D0) spectrum covers a transverse momentum (pT) range of 0.1

Proceedings ArticleDOI
07 Nov 2005
TL;DR: An efficient RFID tag identification algorithm that incorporates reader-authentication is proposed that is secure against the anticipated threats to RFID systems and allows for the algorithm to carry out secure identification of multiple tags simultaneously.
Abstract: A Radio Frequency Identification Device (RFID) allows effective identification of a large number of tagged objects without physical or visual contact. RFID systems are a promising technology for supply chain management and inventory control. As individual item tagging becomes a reality, privacy concerns over RFID use come to the fore. The shared radio medium allow eavesdropping and unauthorized tag reading which poses threats to individual's privacy. Moreover, due to the mode of use of RFIDs, new threats emerge. For example, an intruder may be able to track the movement of an individual by repeatedly querying an RFID attached to the item that this individual carries. The limited size and cost considerations do not allow to implement conventional cryptographic systems on RFIDs. In this paper we propose an efficient RFID tag identification algorithm that incorporates reader-authentication. Our algorithm is secure against the anticipated threats to RFID systems. Our algorithm does not require computationally expensive cryptographic mechanisms, it relies on rather simple matrix multiplication. To further enhance the utility of our algorithm we propose a scheme that allows for the algorithm to carry out secure identification of multiple tags simultaneously.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper found a moderately strong correlation between reading fluency and overall reading proficiency as measured by a standardized achievement test and found that a significant number of students were substantially below norms for fluency.
Abstract: Fluency has traditionally been viewed as a goal of reading taught and mastered in the elementary grades. This article challenges that notion by exploring reading fluency as a contributor to reading proficiency (and difficulty) among ninth-grade students. The authors assessed reading fluency development among a large number of ninth graders and found a moderately strong correlation between fluency and overall reading proficiency as measured by a standardized achievement test. Moreover, a significant number of students were substantially below norms for fluency. The findings suggest that reading fluency is a significant variable in secondary students' reading and overall academic development. More research is called for into the role of reading fluency among older students, especially those experiencing difficulty in achieving high levels of literacy.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This preliminary study employed mixed methodologies to explore students’ use of mobile computing devices and its effects on their motivation to learn, engagement in learning activities, and support for learning processes to suggest increased motivation due to mobile device use leads to increases in the quality and quantity of student work.
Abstract: This preliminary study employed mixed methodologies to explore students’ use of mobile computing devices and its effects on their motivation to learn, engagement in learning activities, and support for learning processes. Data collected from students in four elementary and two seventh grade science classes in Northeast Ohio included usage logs, student work samples, student and teacher interviews, and classroom observations. Findings highlight the personalization of learning afforded by such devices both in terms of individuals and individual classroom cultures, as well as their usefulness in extending learning beyond the classroom. They also suggest that increased motivation due to mobile device use leads to increases in the quality and quantity of student work.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The scalar order parameter of the phase of Blue 27 is determined to be relatively high, in the range 0.72-0.79, which puts the finding into the domain of general validity of the Onsager model, however, the observed temperature dependence of the scalar Order parameter points to the importance of factors not accounted for in the athermal Onsagersager model.
Abstract: We report on the optical properties of the nematic (N) phase formed by lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLCs) in well aligned planar samples. LCLCs belong to a broad class of materials formed by one-dimensional molecular self-assembly and are similar to other systems such as "living polymers" and "wormlike micelles." We study three water soluble LCLC forming materials: disodium chromoglycate, a derivative of indanthrone called Blue 27, and a derivative of perylene called Violet 20. The individual molecules have a planklike shape and assemble into rodlike aggregates that form the phase once the concentration exceeds about 0.1 M. The uniform surface alignment of the N phase is achieved by buffed polyimide layers. According to the light absorption anisotropy data, the molecular planes are on average perpendicular to the aggregate axes and thus to the nematic director. We determined the birefringence of these materials in the N and biphasic N-isotropic (I) regions and found it to be negative and significantly lower in the absolute value as compared to the birefringence of typical thermotropic low-molecular-weight nematic materials. In the absorbing materials Blue 27 and Violet 20, the wavelength dependence of birefringence is nonmonotonic because of the effect of anomalous dispersion near the absorption bands. We describe positive and negative tactoids formed as the nuclei of the new phase in the biphasic N-I region (which is wide in all three materials studied). Finally, we determined the scalar order parameter of the phase of Blue 27 and found it to be relatively high, in the range 0.72-0.79, which puts the finding into the domain of general validity of the Onsager model. However, the observed temperature dependence of the scalar order parameter points to the importance of factors not accounted for in the athermal Onsager model, such as interaggregate interactions and the temperature dependence of the aggregate length.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a longitudinal research study that attempted to promote a better understanding of the training, transfer, and turnover relationship and explored their relationship to child welfare social worker retention.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study examined the fear control/danger control responses that are predicted by the Extended Parallel Process Model in the context of meningitis to provide new evidence that only a marginal amount of threat is necessary in a health risk message to move the target audience toward the desired protective measures.
Abstract: This study examined the fear control/danger control responses that are predicted by the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM). In a campaign designed to inform college students about the symptoms and dangers of meningitis, participants were given either a high-threat/no-efficacy or high-efficacy/no-threat health risk message, thus testing the extreme assumptions of the EPPM. Although the study supports the main predictions of the EPPM in the context of meningitis, the results provide new evidence that only a marginal amount of threat is necessary in a health risk message to move the target audience toward the desired protective measures. In addition, the results also suggest that the messages containing only threat may only scare the target audience further into fear control. Implications and future research are discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors examined the independent and combined influences of socioeconomic status, coping resources, and relationship quality to account for marital status differences in distress and found that marital status difference in coping resources and relationship qualities help explain the gap in depression, but not in alcohol use, between married and cohabiting individuals.
Abstract: Research on the relationship between cohabitation and mental health tends to ignore social psychological factors that help explain mental health differences between the married and the unmarried, including coping resources and perceived relationship quality. In this paper I draw on social psychological theory and research to clarify differences in depression and alcohol use between married and cohabiting individuals. Using data from the National Survey of Families and Households, I examine the independent and combined influences of socioeconomic status, coping resources, and relationship quality to account for marital status differences in distress. I find that marital status differences in coping resources and relationship quality help explain the gap in depression, but not in alcohol use, between married and cohabiting individuals. I also find that social selection is not responsible for marital status differences in distress. The implications of these findings for future research on cohabitors' mental ...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the structure of ordered mesoporous carbons (OMC) synthesized with sucrose, furfuryl alcohol or acenaphthene using the SBA-16 template with cubic Imm structure has been investigated with X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and N2 adsorption.
Abstract: The structure of ordered mesoporous carbons (OMC) synthesized with sucrose, furfuryl alcohol or acenaphthene using the SBA-16 mesoporous silica template with cubic Imm structure has been investigated with X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and N2 adsorption. This work shows that, in contrast to carbons prepared from sucrose by using SBA-15 silica as template, the impregnation of SBA-16 with sucrose failed to produce OMC with cubic Imm structure. However, when furfuryl alcohol and acenaphthene were used as carbon precursors, the cubic Imm structure was retained in the products. Thus, the latter carbon precursors were more suitable than sucrose for the formation of rigidly interconnected carbon bridges through narrow apertures of the cage-like siliceous SBA-16 mesostructure. In particular, the use of furfuryl alcohol as carbon precursor allowed us to control the degree of mesopore filling in SBA-16 and consequently, to synthesize hollow or fully filled cage-like silica–carbon mesostructures as was done in the case of channel-like SBA-15. In the case of acenaphthene only fully filled mesostructures were formed but with a much higher degree of graphitization. In the present work, we took advantage of the recent developments in the synthesis of SBA-16 with tailored diameter and entrance size of mesopores and made a step forward in the fabrication of OMC by using cage-like mesoporous silicas with narrow interconnections as templates.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article analyzed the impact of ballot initiative use on voter turnout from 1980 through 2002 using voter eligible population (VEP) turnout rates and found that ballot initiatives increase voter turnout in both midterm and presidential elections.
Abstract: Scholars have begun examining what Progressive reformers called the educative effects of direct democracy, especially the effect ballot initiatives have on voter turnout. Research based on aggregate-level voter age population (VAP) turnout data indicates that ballot measures increase turnout in low-information midterm elections but not in presidential elections. We analyze the impact of ballot initiative use on voter turnout from 1980 through 2002 using voter eligible population (VEP) turnout rates. Cross-sectional time-series analysis reveals that (a) ballot initiatives increase turnout in midterm as well as presidential elections and (b) the turnout effect in midterm and especially presidential elections is considerably larger than previously thought. On average, turnout in presidential elections increases by 0.70% with each initiative on the ballot, whereas turnout in midterm elections increases by 1.7%, all else equal. Given the closeness of the Electoral College contests, it is possible that the mobi...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The paper advocates the use of latent semantic indexing (LSI) as the supporting information retrieval technique for the semi-automated recovery of traceability links between software documentation and source code.
Abstract: An approach for the semi-automated recovery of traceability links between software documentation and source code is presented. The methodology is based on the application of information retrieval techniques to extract and analyze the semantic information from the source code and associated documentation. A semi-automatic process is defined based on the proposed methodology. The paper advocates the use of latent semantic indexing (LSI) as the supporting information retrieval technique. Two case studies using existing software are presented comparing this approach with others. The case studies show positive results for the proposed approach, especially considering the flexibility of the methods used.

Journal ArticleDOI
J. Adams1, Madan M. Aggarwal2, Zubayer Ahammed3, J. Amonett4  +361 moreInstitutions (44)
TL;DR: In this article, the relativistic heavy ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory were investigated using the short-lived K(892) resonance channel.
Abstract: The short-lived K(892)* resonance provides an efficient tool to probe properties of the hot and dense medium produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We report measurements of K* in {radical}(s{sub NN})=200 GeV Au+Au and p+p collisions reconstructed via its hadronic decay channels K(892)*{sup 0}{yields}K{pi} and K(892)*{sup {+-}}{yields}K{sub S}{sup 0}{pi}{sup {+-}} using the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The K*{sup 0} mass has been studied as a function of p{sub T} in minimum bias p+p and central Au+Au collisions. The K* p{sub T} spectra for minimum bias p+p interactions and for Au+Au collisions in different centralities are presented. The K*/K yield ratios for all centralities in Au+Au collisions are found to be significantly lower than the ratio in minimum bias p+p collisions, indicating the importance of hadronic interactions between chemical and kinetic freeze-outs. A significant nonzero K*{sup 0} elliptic flow (v{sub 2}) is observed in Au+Au collisions and is compared to the K{sub S}{sup 0} and {lambda} v{sub 2}. The nuclear modification factor of K* at intermediate p{sub T} is similar to that of K{sub S}{sup 0} but different from {lambda}. This establishes a baryon-meson effect over a mass effect in the particle production atmore » intermediate p{sub T} (2