Kent State University

About: Kent State University is a education organization based out in Kent, Ohio, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Liquid crystal & Population. The organization has 10897 authors who have published 24607 publications receiving 720309 citations. The organization is also known as: Kent State & KSU.

Affective and cognitive antecedents to eating episodes in bulimia and binge eating

Abstract: The present study investigated seven antecedents to the binge-purge cycle proposed by Orleans and Barnett (1984), including restraint, stress, mood, thoughts of food, fatigue, hunger, and dichotomous cognitions. For 1 week, 19 bulimics, 15 binge eaters, and 20 normal control subjects recorded detailed information about these antecedent conditions and the types and quantities of food consumed for each eating episode. Results indicated that prior to their binge episodes, bulimics reported significantly greater stress, preoccupation with food, and negative mood than binge eaters reported prior to their binges and normal controls reported prior to all of their eating episodes. Both bulimics and binge eaters reported greater dichotomous cognitions prior to binge episodes than normal controls experienced prior to all of their eating episodes. Comparisons of the antecedents to eating episodes which bulimics and binge eaters regarded as nonbinge episodes with all eating episodes of the control group indicated that although bulimics and binge eaters experienced significantly greater negative moods than normal controls prior to their nonbinge episodes, only bulimics experienced significantly greater dichotomous cognitions prior to these eating episodes. Theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

Light modulating materials comprising a liquid crystal phase dispersed in a birefringent polymeric phase

Abstract: A haze-free light modulating polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) material is disclosed which comprises a polymer matrix which is birefringent and possesses anisotropic optical properties similar to those of the dispersed liquid crystal microdroplets such that the PDLC material in its transparent state exhibits a refractive index that is matched for all directions of incident light providing for an optically clear, scatter-free film for all angles of view. Electrooptic light shutters are possible from this material which are transparent in the field OFF-state and opaque in the field ON-state or vice versa, depending upon the microdroplet structure and configuration of the light shutter device.

What Is Special About Special Education? Overview and Analysis

Abstract: In this topical issue of The Journal of Special Education, leading scholars in special education reviewed the literature and investigated whether special education is, indeed, special by examining to what degree (a) effective techniques have been developed for students with disabilities, (b) these effective techniques are applied and implemented with fidelity, and (c) utilization of these techniques is unique to special education. In this article, the authors analyze findings from this special issue regarding what is special—effective, implemented, and unique—about special education. The authors found that effective, empirically supported practices have been developed for students with disabilities, that these techniques are used predominantly in special education, and that these effective practices are not implemented regularly or with fidelity. Recommendations to enhance the implementation of effective, research-based practices are offered.

The crystal-chemical basis for Ar retention in micas: inferences from interlayer partitioning and implications for geochronology

Abstract: Cation partitioning data for coexisting muscovite and biotite are shown to be useful indicators of relative interlayer bond length/strength in these minerals. These data therefore provide a useful crystal-chemical perspective on relative mass-transfer kinetics of radiogenic isotopes, and account for the observation that biotite is generally less retentive of 40Ar and 87Sr than coexisting muscovite. Partitioning behavior of trace elements underscores three reasons why overall interlayer bonding in biotite is weaker than in muscovite. First, the preferences of large (Rb, Cs)+ in biotite and of small La3+ and Na+ in muscovite indicate a relatively spacious interlayer volume in biotite (suggesting a longer mean K−O bond). Second, the preference of interlayer vacancies in biotite (with some/all possibly H2O/H3O+-filled) suggests that its adjacent 2:1 sheets are connected by fewer interlayer bonds per unit cell than those of muscovite. Third, the relative exclusion of large Ba2+ from biotite despite its large interlayer sites is attributed to O−H bonds pointing into the interlayer cavity sub-normal to (001); (K+, Ba2+)-H+ repulsion thereby induced by the bare proton both destabilizes Ba2+ and weakens K−O bonds. In contrast, muscovite offers a more favorable electrostatic environment for Ba2+ substitution since its O−H bonds are directed into the vacant M1 octahedral site sub-parallel to (001). This hypothesis is supported by the observation that progressive F(OH)−1 exchange enhances Ba2+ partitioning into biotite/phlogopite relative to coexisting muscovite. These crystal-chemical differences between biotite and muscovite are mirrored in calculated values of “ionic porosity”, Z i , defined here as the percentage of their interlayer unit-cell volume not occupied by ions. A monitor of ionic packing density and geometry, Z i is inversely correlated with K−O bond strength, which appears to be the rate-determining “kinetic common denominator” for a variety of processes affecting micas – including those responsible for loss of radiogenic isotopes in biotite and muscovite. Accordingly, the relatively longer/weaker K−O bonds of biotite are envisioned as being more easily stretched (during volume diffusion) or broken (during recrystallization or retrograde alteration). This in turn accounts for common observations of enhanced radiogenic Ar/Sr loss and younger 40Ar/39Ar and Rb/Sr ages in natural biotite (high Z i ) relative to coexisting muscovite (lower Z i ). Significantly, this pattern may arise irrespective of isotopic loss mechanism (diffusion or recrystallization, etc.), and it follows that any age discordance observed between muscovite and biotite cannot be ascribed uniquely to one mechanism or the other without appropriate field, petrographic, and petrologic constraints. Extension of this partitioning/porosity-based synthesis leads to prediction of corollary age-retentivity-composition effects among chemically diverse trioctahedral and dioctahedral micas, which are best field tested in terranes that cooled slowly under dry, static conditions. Pressure effects on argon retention are also inferred from the porosity model.

A Topic Modeling Approach and Its Integration into the Random Walk Framework for Academic Search

Abstract: In this paper, we propose a unified topic modeling approach and its integration into the random walk framework for academic search. Specifically, we present a topic model for simultaneously modeling papers, authors, and publication venues. We combine the proposed topic model into the random walk framework. Experimental results show that our proposed approach for academic search significantly outperforms the baseline methods of using BM25 and language model, and those of using the existing topic models (including pLSI, LDA, and the AT model).