Showing papers by "Kettering University published in 1979"
419 citations
TL;DR: Monoclonal Ia antibodies appear to display the same serological and cellular reactivity pattern as do conventional antisera.
Abstract: The cell hybridization technique was used for the production of 12 monoclonal antibodies against H-2Kk, H-2Db, I-Ak and I-Ek antigens. The strain distribution pattern indicated that three antibodies reacted with new H-2 and Ia determinants, respectively, while the majority of determinants defined by the monoclonal antibodies showed good correlation with H-2 and Ia determinants described by conventional alloantisera. Monoclonal Ia antibodies showed strong reactivity with about 90% of surface IgM positive B cells, but not with T cells. In double fluorescence studies, both I-A and I-E determinants were always found to be coexpressed on the same B cells. When the high sensitivity of the fluorescence activated cell sorter was utilized, about 30 to 40% of purified lymph node T cells were found to carry both I-A and I-E antigens, although in a much lower density than B cells. In conclusion, monoclonal Ia antibodies appear to display the same serological and cellular reactivity pattern as do conventional antisera.
190 citations
TL;DR: Evidence is presented which reveals the b-type cytochrome of the nitrogen-fixing bacterium Azotobacter vinelandii to be a ferritin-like species, thus constituting the first authenticated occurrence ofFerritin in a bacterium.
Abstract: FERRITIN is the presumed iron storage protein of mammalian1, plant2 and certain fungal3 systems. The nitrogen-fixing bacterium Azotobacter vinelandii, produces a b-type cytochrome containing large amounts of non-haem iron and no labile sulphide, as first shown by Bulen et al.4. Here we present evidence which reveals this protein to be a ferritin-like species, thus constituting the first authenticated occurrence of ferritin in a bacterium. The interesting redox properties of this molecule, bacterioferritin-cytochrome, are presented and discussed.
158 citations
TL;DR: Qualitative and quantitative estimates indicate that p63/6.9 is one of the most prominent proteins on the testicular cell surface, relative to other detergent-soluble testicularcell proteins known to be internal.
130 citations
TL;DR: The relationship between sperm surface glycosyltransferases and surface antigens coded for by the T/t locus of the mouse has been examined and it is possible that the increased availability of galactosyl transferases ont sperm is at least partly responsible for their preferential fertilizing ability.
92 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the response to a single injection of E. coli LPS was dose dependent and persisted for at least 5 days; however, additional injections had no effect on serum lysozyme level.
76 citations
TL;DR: The different sensitivities to PGE of two macrophage colony types of different maturation stages indicate that PGE may provide feedback to control macrophages formation by inhibiting proliferation and differentiation of immature monocytoid cells.
75 citations
TL;DR: Triton-fractionated photosystem-I particles poised at -625 mV, where the two bound iron-sulfur proteins are reduced, have been studied by optical and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies from 293 to 5 K and it is assumed that these two acceptors participate in the electron transfer from P-700(*) to the bound Iron-solfur proteins.
Abstract: Triton-fractionated photosystem-I particles poised at -625 mV, where the two bound iron-sulfur proteins are reduced, have been studied by optical and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies from 293 to 5 K. At 5-9 K, these particles exhibit two decay components with lifetimes of 1.3 and 130 msec in the laser pulse-induced absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance signal changes. Spectral properties of the 130-msec decay component reflect the charge separation between P-700 and some iron-sulfur center having a broad optical absorbance in the 400- to 550-nm region and a previously reported electron paramagnetic resonance signal with g = 1.78, 1.88, and 2.08. Spectral properties of the 1-msec decay component indicate photoinduced charge separation between P-700 and a chlorophyll a dimer having absorption bands at 420, 450, and 700 nm. It is assumed that these two acceptors participate in the electron transfer from P-700* to the bound iron-sulfur proteins.
75 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that murine and human B-cell lines can be categorized into groups with respect to responsiveness to B-lymphocyte mitogens and other agents, and relationships between these subsets and the stages of normal B-LYmphocyte development are suggested.
Abstract: Although human B-cell lines have been described since 1964 (Pulvertaft 1964, Epstein & Barr J964), having easily detectable immunoglobulin (Tanigaki et al. 1966), similar murine lines have become available only in the past 2 years. The purpose of this review is to demonstrate that murine and human B-cell lines can be categorized into groups with respect to responsiveness to B-lymphocyte mitogens and other agents, and to suggest relationships between these subsets and the stages of normal B-lymphocyte development.
73 citations
TL;DR: Comparison with murine cultures indicated that in both species a complex series of cellular interactions takes place within an adherent environment of marrow-derived endothelial cells, macrophages, and fat-containing cells, and the prolonged duration of in vitro hematopoiesis in the latter species could be attributed to a regenerative capacity possessed by its adherent hematoietic microenvironment.
71 citations
TL;DR: The spectrum of the 200 ps decay component of the A,4 is consistent with that produced by the formation of an anion radical of a chl a dimer whose absorption-band maximum is at 695 nm.
TL;DR: The spectra obtained for the two intermediary acceptors have led us to identify A, with a chlorophylls dimer and A2 with an iron-sulfur protein, and a broad EPR signal, designated X, has been identified with the optical signal of AZ on the basis of parallel kinetic behavior.
TL;DR: Multiple lymphoid cell lines were derived from 35HLA-D homozygous donors by EB-viral transformation of B lymphocytes by microcytotoxicity and by absorption with alloantisera exchanged through the Seventh Histocompatibility Workshop.
Abstract: Multiple lymphoid cell lines were derived from 35HLA-D homozygous donors by EB-viral transformation of B lymphocytes. The expression of Ia-like alloantigens (HLA-DR) was studied by microcytotoxicity and by absorption with alloantisera exchanged through the Seventh Histocompatibility Workshop. B-lymphoid lines expressed the same specificities as normal B lymphocytes. Workshop antisera representing DRw1, DRw2, DRw3, and DRw7 gave well-defined typing patterns with cell lines derived from donors of corresponding D-locus specificities. A more complex reaction pattern was seen for antisera representing DRw4, DRw5, and DRw6. The available reagents could not discriminate between lines from donors homozygous for Dw4, Dw10, or D-KH. All lines studied, except for those from one donor homozygous for a unique D-locus determinant (D-SPO), could be assigned one of the provisional DRw specificities. The advantage of obtaining multiple cell lines from a single donor was evident. One line could not be typed by microcytotoxicity because it was lysed in all human sera tested, and some other lines gave weak cytotoxic reactions. Absorption studies, however, did indicate similar expression of DRw antigens on these lines. The availability of multiple lines from the same donor circumvented these difficulties.
TL;DR: This work has demonstrated, for the first time, the growth in vivo of human mutant cells exposed to TPA alone, and provided a novel system for the study of cancer promotion in vitro.
Abstract: Neoplastic transformation is a multi-phase process apparently caused by carcinogens and subject to the influence of promoters. The naturally occurring phorbol esters such as 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) are potent tumour promoting agents. Through the use of phorbol esters a two-stage process of malignant transformation has been demonstrated in the mouse skin model and, more recently, in cell culture systems. Studies in vitro suggest that TPA reversibly inhibits terminal differentiation in most, but not all model systems, and that its function is presumably to increase the probability of expression of the malignant phenotype. We have studied the effects of TPA on mutant human fibroblast cell strains derived from individuals with hereditary adenomatosis of the colon and rectum (ACR), an autosomal dominant trait. We have previously demonstrated in these fibroblasts abnormal phenotypic expressions which often appear in transformed cells. In these studies, we have assumed that the ACR cell exists in an "initiated state" due to a dominant mutation and that expression of the malignant state might only require treatment with a promoting agent. This single experimental protocol provided a novel system for the study of cancer promotion in vitro. We have now demonstrated, for the first time, the growth in vivo of human mutant cells exposed to TPA alone.
TL;DR: R-loop and restriction mapping procedures reveal the organization of coding regions at each end of the giant rDNA palindrome of Physarum polycephalum, revealing that genes containing these sequences are transcribed.
Abstract: R-loop and restriction mapping procedures reveal the organization of coding regions at each end of the giant rDNA palindrome of Physarum polycephalum. A 19S coding region of 2.10 +/- 0.21 kb is located at each end of a very long central spacer (35.64 +/- 2.08 kb). An internal spacer of 1.66 +/- 0.12 kb lies distal to the 19S gene. The 5.8S rRNA coding region is located in this spacer. The 26S gene lies distal to the internal spacer. The 26S gene is unusual among those of eukaryotes in that it consists of 3 coding regions (alpha, beta and gamma) interrupted by 2 intervening sequences. The 26S alpha (most central) coding segment of 2.41 +/- 0.33 kb is separated from the 26S beta segment by an intervening sequence of 0.68 +/- 0.13 kb. The 26S beta segment (0.70 +/- 0.11 kb) is separated from the most distal 26S gamma segment (0.59 +/- 0.14 kb) by an intervening sequence of 1.21 +/- 0.14 kb. The 2 intervening sequences are present in at least 88% of ribsomal genes from active plasmodia, indicating that genes containing these sequences are transcribed. The rDNA termini contain a heterogeneous region which varies in length by +/- 300 base pairs.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that siblings who should be heterozygous carriers of the 21-hydroxylase deficiency gene based on HLA genotyping are hormonally different from the general population.
Abstract: Summary: The response of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) and cortisol (F) to a 6-hr ACTH stimulation in families of patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency was studied. These studies demonstrated that siblings who should be heterozygous carriers of the 21-hydroxylase deficiency gene based on HLA genotyping are hormonally different from the general population. In pre- and early pubertal children predicted to be heterozygous carriers of the gene based on HLA genotyping, the 17-OHP level (13.1 ± 4.5 ng/ml), the rate of increase of 17-OHP (0.03 ± 0.01), and the ratio of 17-OHP/F at 6 hr (0.27 ± 0.07) were significantly higher (P < 0.001) than in the control population, (3.9 ± 1.9, 0.009 ± 0.005, and 0.08 ± 0.04 ng/ml, respectively). In late and postpubertal males, these hormonal parameters in the heterozygotes (17 ± 9.7, 0.04 ± 0.026, 0.42 ± 0.33 ng/ml, respectively) were significantly higher (P < 0.001) than in the general population (5.3 ± 1.6, 0.009 ± 0.004, and 0.1 ± 0.03 ng/ml, respectively). In postmenarchal females, the mean hormone responses in the heterozygotes (12.1 ± 9.7, 0.03 ± 0.02, and 0.27 ± 0.24 ng/ml, respectively) were significantly higher (P < 0.005, < 0.01, < 0.005, respectively) than in the general population (5.2 ± 2.5, 0.01 ± 0.007, and 0.1 ± 0.04 ng/ml, respectively). However, the overlapping values did not permit a clear differentiation of the hormonal responses in these two groups. Another (ACTH) stimulation in one family demonstrated that a father of a patient probably is a previously unrecognized homozygous affected patient and, thus, revision of the congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) genotype for this family was required. Speculation: In families of patients with CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, siblings predicted to be heterozygous carriers of the gene for 21 hydroxylase deficiency based on HLA genotyping, will express a mild enzyme deficiency by hormonal testing.
TL;DR: It is unlikely that a carcinogenic effect will ever be demonstrated in man, but the information gained in uncovering industrial cancers could perhaps be used more profitably in determining risk of exposure to putative carcinogens.
TL;DR: Results suggest that the function of the F9 antigen, crucial for blastocyst formation, may be integrated with galactosyltransferase activity.
Patent•
21 Jun 1979TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a number from 0 to 10 for compounds with anti-leukemic activity and immunoregulatory activity and antiviral activity, where z is the number of molecules in the range from 1 to 10.
Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## where X is OH, NH2, SH, OR or SR (where R is alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or benzyl), R1 is H or alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, R2 is H or methyl, Y is the salt of an amine of the formula ##STR2## where R3 and R4 are lower alkyl, eg, 1 to 4 carbon atoms and n is an integer of 2 to 4 with p-acetamidobenzoic acid and where z is a number from 0 to 10 are useful as immunomodulators, as antiviral agents and in specific cases have anti-leukemic activity The compounds and compositions where z is 1 to 10 are novel per se When R2 is H the presence of Y enhances the immunoregulatory activity and the antiviral activity If X is the NH2 there is immunoinhibitory activity but no immunostimulatory (immunopotentiatory) activity
Patent•
26 Jan 1979TL;DR: In this paper, the authors disclosed polypeptide compositions having the following amino acid sequence as the active site: ARG-LYS-ASP-VAL-TYR, which have the capability of inducing the differentiation of Tlymphocytes but not of complement receptor (CR+) B-lymphocyte and thus are useful in a number of therapeutic areas.
Abstract: There are disclosed polypeptide compositions having the following amino acid sequence as the active site: ARG-LYS-ASP-VAL-TYR These polypeptides have the capability of inducing the differentiation of T-lymphocytes but not of complement receptor (CR+) B-lymphocytes and thus are useful in a number of therapeutic areas. Also provided are derivatives of the pentapeptide, novel intermediate polypeptides, methods of manufacture of the peptides, therapeutic compositions, and methods for use of the compositions.
Patent•
13 Sep 1979TL;DR: In this article, the epidermis in human skin is separated from the dermis, dissociated into epidermal cells, and grown in a tissue culture medium having a pH of from about 5.6 to 5.8.
Abstract: Burn victims are treated with human epidermis cells grown in tissue culture by separating the epidermis in human skin from the dermis, dissociating the epidermis into epidermal cells, and growing the epidermal cells in a tissue culture medium having a pH of from about 5.6 to 5.8.
TL;DR: Observations favor the view that testicular organogenesis depend upon dissemination and binding of H-Y molecules by cells of the undifferentiated gonad, and raise the question of whether ovarian organogenesis may be promoted by a "female" molecule corresponding to H-y of the male.
Patent•
13 Sep 1979TL;DR: In this paper, the epidermal cells are grown in tissue culture by separating epidermis in human skin from the dermis, dissociating them into epidermi and growing them in a tissue culture medium having a pH of from about 5.6 to about 5 8.8.
Abstract: Human epidermal cells are grown in tissue culture by separating the epidermis in human skin from the dermis, dissociating the epidermis into epidermal cells, and growing the epidermal cells in a tissue culture medium having a pH of from about 5.6 to about 5.8.
TL;DR: Combined therapy (RAD+LTH) was effective in preventing dissemination at the time when metastases normally occurs and did not increase the metastatic spread of disease.
Abstract: Studies were designed to evaluate the significance of local tumor hyperthermia (LTH) alone and/or radiation (RAD) on the production of disseminated disease. The Dunn Osteogenic sarcoma transplanted (day 0) to the footpad of C3H/HeJ male mice was treated with 3 or 4 fractions of non-curative RAD (200 rad/fraction) and/or LTH (water bath: 40.5 or 42.5±0.1°C for 15 min) on days, 7, R and 9 or on days 7, 10, 13 and 16. The treated primary was removed surgically by amputation on day 10 or 15 (3 Rx group) or on day 21 or 28 (4 Rx group). Survival to day 120, was the eidpoint for analysis. Under these experimental conditions, mild (40.5°C) or moderate (42.5°C) LTH alone or in combination with the RAD treated at the time when metastases has not occurred did not increase the metastatic spread of disease. In addition, combined therapy (RAD+LTH) was effective in preventing dissemination at the time when metastases normally occurs.
TL;DR: Cells in the bone marrow and blood of patients with acute and chronic myeloid and lymphoid leukemia which produce leukemia inhibitory activity (LIA) specific for normal granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-c) have been characterized as belonging to the third population of lymphoid-like cells which are neither T nor B but which have Fe receptors.
TL;DR: Two qualitatively different types of kinetics for the dark decay of P -700 + were observed, one of which can be ascribed to electron tunneling and the other to logarithmic kinetics.
TL;DR: Results indicate that cytoplasmic pGH mRNA is generated by nuclear processing of a larger nuclear RNA molecule.
Abstract: A recombinant DNA plasmid, pBR322-GH1, which contains about 80% of the sequences of rat pregrowth hormone (pGH) mRNA, allowed an analysis of nuclear RNA from GH3 cells for possible precursors of cytoplasmic pGH mRNA. A single 20-22S RNA SPECIES ABOUT 2-3 TIMes larger than pGH mRNA was detected in nuclear RNA from GH3 cells labeled for 5 min. with 3H-uridine. After longer label times a 12S RNA indistinguishable in size from cytoplasmic 12S pGH mRNA became the predominant labeled RNA complementary to the plasmid pBR322-GH1. Both of these nuclear RNA species contained poly (A). Kinetic analysis of the labeling of nuclear and cytoplasmic pGH mRNA sequences showed that the 20S and 12S nuclear RNA molecules were labeled before significant labeling of cytoplasmic pGH mRNA was detected, and also indicated that there is complete conservation of nuclear pGH mRNA sequences in the production of cytoplasmic pGH mRNA. These results indicate that cytoplasmic pGH mRNA is generated by nuclear processing of a larger nuclear RNA molecule.
TL;DR: Carboxylated latex beads were covalently labeled with [3H]-tyramine and used in a quantitative phagocytosis assay, finding that PU5-1.8 and RAW264 macrophage tumor culture lines were more active than adherent cells from peptone- or oil-induced peritoneal exudates of mice, which were moreactive than normal peritoneAL adherent cells.
TL;DR: The age dependency observed in the relative proportions between the two cell types suggests that they are ontogenetically related as progenitor‐successor, and this hypothesis is corroborated by phenotype analysis of the two subsets.
Abstract: Murine splenocytes contain two minor subpopulations of B cells, one inducible by lipopolysaccharide to convert within 2 h from IgD- to IgD+ and the other to change from IgD+ TO IgD-. These two subpopulations can be separated by density centrifugation. Their relative proportions show a marked age dependency: IgD- leads to IgD+ cells are more frequent in suckling mice, while IgD+ leads to IgD- inducible cells become predominant in mice older than 3 weeks. The age dependency observed in the relative proportions between the two cell types suggest that they are ontogenetically related as progenitor-successor. This hypothesis is corroborated by phenotype analysis of the two subsets, revealing IgD- leads to IgD+ cells as IgM+, Ia+, complement receptor- (CR-) and IgD+ leads to IgD- cells as IgM+, Ia+, CR+. Our data show that IgD and CR are expressed concomitantly during B cell differentiation. On further differentiation, induced by lipopolysaccharide, both markers are lost from the cell surface at different rates: IgD decreases significantly in a very short period (less than 2.5 h) while induction of a decline in CR requires longer culture periods (greater than 8 h). Th: loss of IgD may thus herald an early differentiation event toward antibody-producing cells.
TL;DR: The significant 2° MLC response to autologous cells after sensitization to allogeneic cells may reflect recognition of self antigens and raises the question to what extent genetic similarity between responding and stimulating cells is required in the priming phase to elicit a 2° response to autistic cells.
Abstract: Two HLA-B,D-identical siblings, who differed only for the HLA-A region because of a maternal recombinational event, were studied in primary (1 degrees) and secondary (2 degrees) mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC). The HLA-A:B recombinant child did not respond to its HLA-B,D-identical sibling in either 1 degrees or 2 degrees MLC. In the reciprocal combination the non-recombinant child responded only weakly in 1 degrees MLC but responded significantly in 2 degrees MLC to the HLA-A:B recombinant child. Thus, it was possible to selectively prime to a non-HLA-D determinant, which is controlled by a gene located distal to HLA-B. Because this determinant was not present on T-cells, it could be distinguished from the serologically defined antigen controlled by the HLA-A locus. Such primed lymphocytes, as well as lymphocytes primed between HLA-identical siblings, revealed high autologous control responses which were not observed when using lymphocytes primed in conventional one-haplotype combinations. The significant 2 degrees MLC response to autologous cells after sensitization to allogeneic cells may reflect recognition of self antigens and raises the question to what extent genetic similarity between responding and stimulating cells is required in the priming phase to elicit a 2 degrees response to autologous cells.