Kettering University

About: Kettering University is a education organization based out in Flint, Michigan, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: RNA & Antigen. The organization has 6842 authors who have published 7689 publications receiving 337503 citations. The organization is also known as: GMI Engineering & Management Institute & General Motors Institute.

KRAS mutation influences recurrence patterns in patients undergoing hepatic resection of colorectal metastases

Abstract: BACKGROUND The validity of the KRAS mutation as a predictor of recurrence-free survival (RFS) or overall survival (OS) is unclear. The current study investigated whether the presence of the KRAS mutation decreased RFS or OS in patients with colorectal cancer who underwent liver resection. METHODS Patients with resected colorectal liver metastases who received adjuvant hepatic arterial infusion plus systemic therapy and for whom KRAS data was available were evaluated. Correlation between KRAS and clinical factors was done using the Fisher exact test. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to estimate the median RFS and OS. RESULTS A total of 169 patients were evaluated, 118 of whom had KRAS wild-type (WT) and 51 had KRAS mutated (MUT) tumors. The 3-year RFS rate was 46% for patients with KRAS WT (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 35%-56%) and 30% (95% CI, 16%-44%) for patients with KRAS MUT (P =.005). The 3-year OS rate was 95% (95% CI, 87%-98%) and 81% (95% CI, 62%-95%), respectively, for patients with KRAS WT and KRAS MUT (P =.07). On multivariate analysis, KRAS remained a significant predictor of RFS (hazard ratio, 1.9). The 3-year cumulative recurrence rate by site of metastases was as follows: 2% versus 13.4% for bone (P≤.01), 2% versus 14.5% for brain (P =.05), 33.2% versus 58% for lung (P≤.01), and 30% versus 47% for liver (P =.10) in patients with KRAS WT versus KRAS MUT. CONCLUSIONS In the current study, among patients with resected colorectal liver metastases who were treated with adjuvant hepatic arterial infusion plus systemic therapy, patients with KRAS MUT were found to have a significantly worse 3-year RFS (30%) compared with KRAS WT (46%) p=.005. The cumulative incidence of bone, brain, and lung metastases was significantly higher for patients with KRAS MUT compared with those with KRAS WT. Cancer 2014;120:3965–3971. © 2014 American Cancer Society.

Clinical pharmacology of analgesics. 1. A method of assaying analgesic effect.

Abstract: Animal screening tests and methods employing induced pain in human volunteers have failed to predict with any consistency the clinical performance of analgesic drugs. These drugs must be assayed in a clinical setting in which they might be used therapeutically. The lack of adequate objective standards for the measurement of pain or pain relief, the variability in responses among patients, and the influence of environmental factors on these responses, all make it essential that the study be adequately controlled and so designed as to provide some measure of the sensitivity of the method and of the statistical significance of the results.

Solid state microdosimetry.

Abstract: A review of solid state microdosimetry is presented with an emphasis on silicon-based devices. The historical foundations and basics of microdosimetry are briefly provided. Various methods of experimental regional microdosimetry are discussed to facilitate a comparison with the more recent development of silicon microdosimetry. In particular, the performance characteristics of a proportional gas counter and a silicon microdosimeter are compared. Recent improvements in silicon microdosimetry address the issues of requirement specification, non-spherical shape, tissue equivalence, sensitive volume definition (charge collection complexity) and low noise requirements which have previously impeded the implementation of silicon-based microdosimetry. A prototype based on silicon-on-insulator technology is described along with some example results from clinical high LET radiotherapy facilities. A brief summary of the applications of microdosimetry is included.

Formation of B lymphocytes in fetal and adult life.

Abstract: Publisher Summary were regarded Lymphoid and hematopoietic stem cells are highly specialized and antigens recently identified by several laboratories may be useful in resolving categories and stages of differentiation. This chapter discusses some procedures that may not only allow the differentiative potential of B-cell precursors to be assessed but provide some insight into the inductive signals and regulatory mechanisms involved. The extraordinary progress of experimental hematologists in resolving the precursors of erythroid and myeloid cells has created a false sense of understanding about the nature and fate of stem cells relevant to the humoral immune system. The time when B cells or their precursors first appear during ontogeny or during regeneration of irradiated animals, they are diluted among nonlymphoid hematopoietic cells. The use of cytoplasmic immunoglobulin as a marker for pre-B cells and various cell surface antigens are discussed. Cells dissected from spleen colonies have been used to restore humoral immunity to irradiated secondary recipients, and the time required was because of transition of stem cells. Extensive examinations of spleen colonies have not revealed any that had predominantly lymphoid morphology. However, the possibility of a minor entry of stem cells into B and T pathways would be difficult to rule out, particularly if the newly formed cells rapidly migrated elsewhere.