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Institution

Kettering University

EducationFlint, Michigan, United States
About: Kettering University is a education organization based out in Flint, Michigan, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: RNA & Antigen. The organization has 6842 authors who have published 7689 publications receiving 337503 citations. The organization is also known as: GMI Engineering & Management Institute & General Motors Institute.
Topics: RNA, Antigen, DNA, Cancer, Population


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review will summarize structural and mechanistic details of enzymes and protein cofactors that participate in Ubl conjugation cascades in the SUMO, NEDD8, ATG8, AtG12, URM1, UFM1, FAT10, and ISG15 pathways while referring to the ubiquitin pathway to highlight common or contrasting themes.
Abstract: Ubiquitin-like proteins (Ubl’s) are conjugated to target proteins or lipids to regulate their activity, stability, subcellular localization, or macromolecular interactions. Similar to ubiquitin, conjugation is achieved through a cascade of activities that are catalyzed by E1 activating enzymes, E2 conjugating enzymes, and E3 ligases. In this review, we will summarize structural and mechanistic details of enzymes and protein cofactors that participate in Ubl conjugation cascades. Precisely, we will focus on conjugation machinery in the SUMO, NEDD8, ATG8, ATG12, URM1, UFM1, FAT10, and ISG15 pathways while referring to the ubiquitin pathway to highlight common or contrasting themes. We will also review various strategies used to trap intermediates during Ubl activation and conjugation.

323 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This Review examines evidence that miRNAs have continuous roles in adults in ways that are separable from developmental control and discusses methods for studying miRNA activities specifically in adults and evaluate their relative strengths and weaknesses.
Abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ~22 nt RNAs that coordinate vast regulatory networks in animals and thereby influence myriad processes. This Review examines evidence that miRNAs have continuous roles in adults in ways that are separable from developmental control. Adult-specific activities for miRNAs have been described in various stem cell populations, in the context of neural function and cardiovascular biology, in metabolism and ageing, and during cancer. In addition to reviewing recent results, we also discuss methods for studying miRNA activities specifically in adults and evaluate their relative strengths and weaknesses. A fuller understanding of continuous functions of miRNAs in adults has bearing on efforts and opportunities to manipulate miRNAs for therapeutic purposes.

321 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A conserved primary piRNA pathway is revealed that selects and metabolizes the 3'UTRs of a broad set of cellular transcripts, probably for regulatory purposes, which strongly increase the breadth of Argonaute-mediated small RNA systems in metazoans.

320 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Several putative nuclear receptors from Drosophila that appear to act as regulators of early development have been identified, including a receptor for the insect steroid ecdysone.
Abstract: I. Introduction LIKE many transcriptional regulatory proteins, nuclear hormone receptors are single polypeptides that are organized into relatively discrete functional domains (1). This common domain organization groups these receptors into a superfamily of functionally and most likely structurally related, hormonally regulable, transcription factors. The superfamily includes receptors for steroid hormones, such as glucocorticoids, progesterone, estrogen, aldosterone, and androgens, as well as hormonal forms of vitamins A and D, thyroid hormone, and peroxisomal activators (2–6). Several other receptorlike proteins whose ligands have yet to be identified have recently been isolated utilizing molecular cloning techniques. In the same way, several putative nuclear receptors from Drosophila that appear to act as regulators of early development (Refs. 7–10; reviewed in Ref. 11) have been identified, including a receptor for the insect steroid ecdysone (12). Upon association with a particular ligand, nuclear re...

317 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Deep mammalian RNA-seq data was analyzed using conservative criteria, and 2035 mouse and 1847 human genes that utilize substantially distal novel 3' UTRs were identified, which greatly expand the scope of post-transcriptional regulatory networks in mammals, and have particular impact on the central nervous system.
Abstract: Remarkable advances in techniques for gene expression profiling have radically changed our knowledge of the transcriptome. Recently, the mammalian brain was reported to express many long intergenic noncoding (lincRNAs) from loci downstream from protein-coding genes. Our experimental tests failed to validate specific accumulation of lincRNA transcripts, and instead revealed strongly distal 3' UTRs generated by alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA). With this perspective in mind, we analyzed deep mammalian RNA-seq data using conservative criteria, and identified 2035 mouse and 1847 human genes that utilize substantially distal novel 3' UTRs. Each of these extends at least 500 bases past the most distal 3' termini available in Ensembl v65, and collectively they add 6.6 Mb and 5.1 Mb to the mRNA space of mouse and human, respectively. Extensive Northern analyses validated stable accumulation of distal APA isoforms, including transcripts bearing exceptionally long 3' UTRs (many >10 kb and some >18 kb in length). The Northern data further illustrate that the extensions we annotated were not due to unprocessed transcriptional run-off events. Global tissue comparisons revealed that APA events yielding these extensions were most prevalent in the mouse and human brain. Finally, these extensions collectively contain thousands of conserved miRNA binding sites, and these are strongly enriched for many well-studied neural miRNAs. Altogether, these new 3' UTR annotations greatly expand the scope of post-transcriptional regulatory networks in mammals, and have particular impact on the central nervous system.

317 citations


Authors

Showing all 6853 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Joan Massagué189408149951
Chris Sander178713233287
Timothy A. Springer167669122421
Murray F. Brennan16192597087
Charles M. Rice15456183812
Lloyd J. Old152775101377
Howard I. Scher151944101737
Paul Tempst14830989225
Pier Paolo Pandolfi14652988334
Barton F. Haynes14491179014
Jedd D. Wolchok140713123336
James P. Allison13748383336
Harold E. Varmus13749676320
Scott W. Lowe13439689376
David S. Klimstra13356461682
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
20238
202216
2021211
2020234
2019204
2018225