Institution
Kettering University
Education•Flint, Michigan, United States•
About: Kettering University is a education organization based out in Flint, Michigan, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: RNA & Antigen. The organization has 6842 authors who have published 7689 publications receiving 337503 citations. The organization is also known as: GMI Engineering & Management Institute & General Motors Institute.
Topics: RNA, Antigen, DNA, Cancer, Population
Papers published on a yearly basis
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TL;DR: It is shown that complete loss of PKA activity in the mouse leads to midgestation lethality and a completely ventralized neural tube, demonstrating that PKA is as strong a negative regulator of the sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway as patched 1 (Ptch1) or suppressor of fused (Sufu).
Abstract: Protein kinase A (PKA) is an evolutionarily conserved negative regulator of the hedgehog (Hh) signal transduction pathway. PKA is known to be required for the proteolytic processing event that generates the repressor forms of the Ci and Gli transcription factors that keep target genes off in the absence of Hh. Here, we show that complete loss of PKA activity in the mouse leads to midgestation lethality and a completely ventralized neural tube, demonstrating that PKA is as strong a negative regulator of the sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway as patched 1 (Ptch1) or suppressor of fused (Sufu). Genetic analysis shows that although PKA is important for production of the repressor form of Gli3, the principal function of PKA in the Shh pathway in neural development is to restrain activation of Gli2. Activation of the Hh pathway in PKA mutants depends on cilia, and the catalytic and regulatory subunits of PKA are localized to a compartment at the base of the primary cilia, just proximal to the basal body. The data show that PKA does not affect cilia length or trafficking of smoothened (Smo) in the cilium. Instead, we find that there is a significant increase in the level of Gli2 at the tips of cilia of PKA-null cells. The data suggest a model in which PKA acts at the base of the cilium after Gli proteins have transited the primary cilium; in this model the sequential movement of Gli proteins between compartments in the cilium and at its base controls accessibility of Gli proteins to PKA, which determines the fates of Gli proteins and the activity of the Shh pathway.
178 citations
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TL;DR: It is shown that the efficiency of dopaminergic differentiation decreases in the mesencephalic precursors that were proliferated or passaged for extended periods in vitro, and ascorbic acid treatment restored dopamine differentiation in these precursor and led to a greater than 10‐fold increase in dopamine neuron yield compared with untreated cultures.
Abstract: CNS precursors derived from E12 rat mesencephalon proliferate in the presence of basic fibroblast growth factor and differentiate in vitro into functional dopaminergic neurons, which upon transplantation alleviate behavioral symptoms in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Here we show that the efficiency of dopaminergic differentiation decreases in the mesencephalic precursors that were proliferated or passaged for extended periods in vitro. Ascorbic acid treatment restored dopaminergic differentiation in these precursors and led to a greater than 10-fold increase in dopamine neuron yield compared with untreated cultures. The effect of ascorbic acid was stereospecific and could not be mimicked by any other antioxidants. The expression of sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter, a recently identified stereospecific ascorbic acid transporter, was maintained in mesencephalic precursors for extended in vitro periods. Pre-treatment of in vitro expanded mesencephalic precursors with ascorbic acid might facilitate the large-scale generation of dopaminergic neurons for clinical transplantation.
178 citations
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TL;DR: Analysis of avian leukosis virus-induced B-cell lymphomas for multiple, stage-specific oncogene activations indicates that c-myc and c-bic may act synergistically during lymphomagenesis and that c -bic is involved in late stages of tumor progression.
Abstract: We have examined avian leukosis virus-induced B-cell lymphomas for multiple, stage-specific oncogene activations. Three targets for viral integration were identified: c-myb, c-myc, and a newly identified locus termed c-bic. The c-myb and c-myc genes were associated with different lymphoma phenotypes. The c-bic locus was a target for integration in one class of lymphomas, usually in conjunction with c-myc activation. The data indicate that c-myc and c-bic may act synergistically during lymphomagenesis and that c-bic is involved in late stages of tumor progression.
178 citations
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TL;DR: A comparison of the chlorophyll a and b content of Azolla fronds with and without the symbiotic alga resulted in an estimate that in the symbiotics association, the Anabaena azollae accounts for from 7.5 to 15% of the total chlorophyLL.
Abstract: Cultures of Azolla caroliniana Willd. free of the symbiotic blue-green alga, Anabaena azollae , were obtained by treatment of Azolla fronds with a regimen of antibiotics. These symbiontfree plants can be maintained only on medium containing a combined nitrogen source. Morphological aspects of the symbiotic association show the confinement of the Anabaena azollae within the leaf cavity of the Azolla . Procedures were established for the isolation of pure preparations of Anabaena azollae and Azolla chloroplasts. It has not yet been possible to grow the isolated alga in independent culture. Photochemical activities of the isolated alga and fern chloroplasts were measured by spectrophotometric assays for photosystems I and II as well as by P700-content (photosystem I) and delayed light emission (photosystem II). In the algal fraction, both photosystems were repressed when compared to freeliving Anabaena cylindrica , but the relative ratio of photosystem I to photosystem II may be appreciably greater in Anabaena azollae. Azolla chloroplasts were generally comparable to spinach chloroplasts. A comparison of the chlorophyll a and b content of Azolla fronds with and without the symbiotic alga resulted in an estimate that in the symbiotic association, the Anabaena azollae accounts for from 7.5 to 15% of the total chlorophyll.
178 citations
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TL;DR: The construction and use of a compact dual-view inverted selective plane illumination microscope for time-lapse volumetric imaging of living samples at subcellular resolution is described and successful implementation of the protocol results in isotropic resolution and acquisition speeds up to several volumes per s on these samples.
Abstract: We describe the construction and use of a compact dual-view inverted selective plane illumination microscope (diSPIM) for time-lapse volumetric (4D) imaging of living samples at subcellular resolution. Our protocol enables a biologist with some prior microscopy experience to assemble a diSPIM from commercially available parts, to align optics and test system performance, to prepare samples, and to control hardware and data processing with our software. Unlike existing light sheet microscopy protocols, our method does not require the sample to be embedded in agarose; instead, samples are prepared conventionally on glass coverslips. Tissue culture cells and Caenorhabditis elegans embryos are used as examples in this protocol; successful implementation of the protocol results in isotropic resolution and acquisition speeds up to several volumes per s on these samples. Assembling and verifying diSPIM performance takes ∼6 d, sample preparation and data acquisition take up to 5 d and postprocessing takes 3-8 h, depending on the size of the data.
177 citations
Authors
Showing all 6853 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Joan Massagué | 189 | 408 | 149951 |
Chris Sander | 178 | 713 | 233287 |
Timothy A. Springer | 167 | 669 | 122421 |
Murray F. Brennan | 161 | 925 | 97087 |
Charles M. Rice | 154 | 561 | 83812 |
Lloyd J. Old | 152 | 775 | 101377 |
Howard I. Scher | 151 | 944 | 101737 |
Paul Tempst | 148 | 309 | 89225 |
Pier Paolo Pandolfi | 146 | 529 | 88334 |
Barton F. Haynes | 144 | 911 | 79014 |
Jedd D. Wolchok | 140 | 713 | 123336 |
James P. Allison | 137 | 483 | 83336 |
Harold E. Varmus | 137 | 496 | 76320 |
Scott W. Lowe | 134 | 396 | 89376 |
David S. Klimstra | 133 | 564 | 61682 |