Showing papers by "King Saud University published in 1989"
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the basic charge simulation method and its various modified versions reported in the literature is provided in this paper, where different aspects of this method are critically examined and its potentials and limitations are identified.
Abstract: The author provides a comprehensive review of the basic charge simulation method and its various modified versions reported in the literature. Applications of the charge simulation method, alone as well as in combination with other methods, are considered. Different aspects of this method are critically examined and its potentials and limitations are identified. Possible areas of future research are outlined in order to improve the overall effectiveness of computer-aided analysis and design of high-voltage insulation devices by using the charge simulation method. >
313 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The ethanolic extract of Teucrium polium at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight produced significant inhibition of carrageenan-induced inflammation and cotton-pellet granuloma and some of the biochemical parameters.
Abstract: Teucrium polium is widely used by the folk-medicine practitioners in Saudi Arabia for the treatment of inflammations, rheumatism, diabetes and ulcers. Scientific reports are lacking to confirm these activities. The present study reports the effect of ethanolic extract of T. polium on carrageenan-induced acute inflammation, cotton-pellet granuloma and some of the biochemical parameters. The ethanolic extract of Teucrium polium at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight produced significant inhibition of carrageenan-induced inflammation and cotton-pellet granuloma. Biochemical studies showed a significant decrease in glucose level. The presence of flavonoids and sterols might be responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity of this plant. Further studies on the fractionation of the phytoconstituents, and on their mechanism of action are in progress.
148 citations
TL;DR: The results of this study demonstrate that the extract in the dose of 500 mg/kg orally exert highly significant cytoprotection against 80% ethanol, 0.6M HC1,0.2M NaOH and 25% NaCl induced gastric lesions and prevented the occurrence of gastric ulcers induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and hypothermic restraint stress.
Abstract: The cytoprotective and gastric anti-ulcer studies of ginger have been carried out in albino rats. Cytodestruction was produced by 80% ethanol, 0.6M HC1, 0.2M NaOH and 25% NaCl. Whereas gastric ulcers were produced by ulcerogenic agents including indomethacin, aspirin and reserpine, beside hypothermic restraint stress and by pylorus ligated Shay rat technique. The results of this study demonstrate that the extract in the dose of 500 mg/kg orally exert highly significant cytoprotection against 80% ethanol, 0.6M HC1, 0.2M NaOH and 25% NaCl induced gastric lesions. The extract also prevented the occurrence of gastric ulcers induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and hypothermic restraint stress. These observations suggest cytoprotective and anti-ulcerogenic effect of the ginger.
128 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that circumcised patients, receiving optimal ante-natal and intra-partum care in hospital, should all be delivered in hospitals with specialised units.
109 citations
TL;DR: In this article, two discrete Weibull distributions are discussed, and a simple method is presented to estimate the parameters for one of them, and simulation results are given to compare this method with the method of moments.
Abstract: Two discrete Weibull distributions are discussed, and a simple method is presented to estimate the parameters for one of them. Simulation results are given to compare this method with the method of moments. The estimates obtained by the two methods appear to have almost similar properties. The discrete Weibull data arise in reliability problems when the observed variable is discrete. The modeling of such a random phenomenon has already been accomplished. Estimation of parameters in these models is considered. Since the usual methods of estimation are not easy to apply, a simple method is suggested to estimate the unknown parameters. The estimates obtained by this method are comparable to those obtained by the method of moments. The method can be applied in most inferential problems. Though the authors have restricted themselves to type I distribution, their method of proportions for the estimation of parameters can be easily applied to the type II distribution as well. >
100 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that the apparent absence of an age‐vomiting relationship in ocular, and especially squint, surgery, and the high incidence of vomiting, particularly the early vomiting associated only with squint surgery, provide clinical evidence for the existence of an oculoemetic rejex.
Abstract: Summary
Data related to the incidence of postoperative vomiting were collected during prospective studies on 607 ophthafmic surgical patients of all ages who underwent halothane anaesthesia with spontaneous ventilation. Analysis of data in respect of age, sex and surgical site variables, and time of onset of vomiting, identified a female sex-related vomiting incidence of about 13% and a squint-related vomiting incidence of about 41%; no relationship between age and vomiting was identified. The analyses showed that squint surgery predisposed particularly to emesis, and was associated with a high incidence of both early and delayed vomiting. It is suggested that the apparent absence of an age-vomiting relationship in ocular, and especially squint, surgery, and the high incidence of vomiting, particularly the early vomiting associated only with squint surgery, provide clinical evidence for the existence of an oculoemetic rejex. Our observations show that intra- and postoperative surgical stimulation of this oculoemetic repex is rejected in the incidences of vomiting after ocular surgery.
94 citations
TL;DR: A three-dimensional kinematics model is proposed by utilizing the concepts of kinematic links, joints, and joint sinuses by assigning appropriate coordinate systems by identifying parameters required for complete quantitative description of the proposed model.
Abstract: Modelling of the human shoulder complex is essential for the multi-segmented mathematical models as well as design of the shoulder mechanism of anthropometric dummies. In Part I of this paper a three-dimensional kinematic model is proposed by utilizing the concepts of kinematic links, joints, and joint sinuses. By assigning appropriate coordinate systems, parameters required for complete quantitative description of the proposed model are identified. The statistical in-vivo data base established by Engin and Chen (1986) is cast in a form compatible with the model by obtaining a set of unit vectors describing circumductory motion of the upper arm in a torso-fixed coordinate system. This set of unit vectors is then employed in determining the parameters of a composite shoulder complex sinus of a simplified version of the proposed model. Two methods, namely the flexible tolerance and the direct methods, are formulated and tested for the determination of an elliptical cone surface for a given set of generating unit vectors. Numerical results are presented for the apex angles and orientation of the composite joint sinus cone with respect to the anatomical directions.
90 citations
TL;DR: The physical and chemical characteristics of camel milkfat (obtained by using the Rose-Gottlieb method) contained more long chain, unsaturated, and odd-number fatty acids and less short chain fatty acids than cow milkfat as mentioned in this paper.
70 citations
TL;DR: Toxicity studies were done on six plants used in the traditional Arab system of medicine, namely: Aloe vera, Ammi majus, Areca catachu, Citrullus colocynthis, Cuminum cyminum and Zizyphus spina‐christi to find out the effects on average body weight and vital organ weight and spermatogenic dysfunction.
Abstract: Toxicity studies were done on six plants used in the traditional Arab system of medicine, namely: Aloe vera, Ammi majus, Areca catachu, Citrullus colocynthis, Cuminum cyminum and Zizyphus spina-christi. During acute toxicity tests, observations were made for 24 h while the animals were treated for 3 months in chronic treatment. External morphological changes, visceral toxicity, haematological changes, and spermatogenic dysfunction, besides effects on average body weight and vital organ weight, were recorded. In the acute toxicity test, C. colocynthis showed a dose dependent toxic effect. On chronic treatment, per cent lethality was found to be significant in A. catachu, A. vera and C. colocynthis treated groups where haematological changes were also observed. The spermatogenic dysfunction was significant in A. vera and C. colocynthis treated animals. C. cyminum and Z. spina-christi on the other hand, reduced sperm abnormalities.
67 citations
TL;DR: All patients with Fuchs' heterochromic iridocyclitis who underwent extracapsular cataract extraction had a postoperative best-corrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better and there were no major surgical, intraoperative, or postoperative complications.
60 citations
TL;DR: Individual joint sinus cones associated with the sternoclavicular, claviscapular, and glenohumeral joints of the three-dimensional kinematic model introduced in Part I for the human shoulder complex are quantitatively determined.
Abstract: In this paper, individual joint sinus cones associated with the sternoclavicular, claviscapular, and glenohumeral joints of the three-dimensional kinematic model introduced in Part I for the human shoulder complex are quantitatively determined. First, mathematical description of the humerus orientation with respect to torso is given in terms of eight joint variables. Since the system is a kinematically redundant one, solution for the joint variables satisfying a prescribed humerus orientation is possible only if additional requirements are imposed; and the "minimum joint motion" criterion is introduced for this purpose. Two methods, namely the Lagrange multipliers and flexible tolerance methods, are formulated and tested for the optimization problem. The statistical in-vivo data base for the circumductory motion of the upper arm is employed to determine a set of joint variables via optimization, which are then utilized to establish the sizes and orientations of the elliptical cones for the individual joint sinuses. The results are discussed and compared with those given on the basis of measurements made on cadaveric specimens.
TL;DR: All these plant extracts significantly increased the sperm motility and sperm contents in the epididymides and vas deferens without producing any spermatotoxic effect.
Abstract: Toxicity studies were conducted on Brassica rapa, Prunus amygdalus and Zingiber officinale, used as aphrodisiacs in Arab Medicine. During acute toxicity test observations were made for 24 h where all these plants showed no toxicity. The animals were treated for 3 months in chronic treatment. External morphological changes, visceral toxicity, haematological changes, effects on average body weight, vital organ weight, sperm contents, sperm motility and sperm abnormalities were recorded. The average body weight increase was significant in B. rapa and P. amygdalus treated animals. Haematological studies revealed reduction in WBC level in these groups. These changes were not significant in Z. officinale treated animals. In all three groups the visceral condition was normal and the percent lethality was insignificant as compared to the control. All these plant extracts significantly increased the sperm motility and sperm contents in the epididymides and vas deferens without producing any spermatotoxic effect.
TL;DR: This study of orbital cellulitis in a developing country presents a variation in disease pattern from previous reports and suggests that delay in the initiation of antibiotic therapy may lead to serious complications which may be life threatening.
Abstract: We studied a total of 23 patients with orbital cellulitis and/or orbital abscess over a period of four years in Saudi Arabia. The study showed a high rate of abscess formation (12/23) and surgical intervention (17/23). Twelve out of 23 patients were 18 or more years of age. Furthermore, 12 of 23 (52%) patients had blind eyes on admission and remained blind after treatment, and one patient died of cavernous sinus thrombosis. Only 7/23 (30%) had a predisposing cause of primary sinus disease. This study of orbital cellulitis in a developing country presents a variation in disease pattern from previous reports and suggests that delay in the initiation of antibiotic therapy may lead to serious complications which may be life threatening. The course and outcome of orbital cellulitis may vary, depending on the predisposing factor, time of onset, associated systemic disease, or delay in initiation of treatment.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Four of the seven plants, namely Francoeuria crispa (24%), Malus pumila (23%), Ruta chalepensis (30%) and Smilax sarsaparilla (25%), produced significant inhibition of carrageenan-induced inflammation in rats and inhibited cotton pellet-induced exudation.
Abstract: A large number of herbal drugs are used in the traditional medicine of Saudi Arabia for the treatment of rheumatism, arthritis, gout and other forms of inflammation. In the present study seven of these crude drugs, namely Francoeuria crispa, Hammada elegans, Malus pumila, Ruta chalepensis, Smilax sarsaparilla, Achillea fragrantissima and Alpinia officinarum were tested against carrageenan-induced acute inflammation in rats. The plant materials were extracted with 96% ethanol. The dried extract was dissolved in water for pharmacological testing. The rats were administered an oral dose of 500 mg/kg body weight of each extract 1 h prior to production of inflammation by carrageenan injection (0.05 ml of 1% carrageenan suspension in the planter aponeurosis of the right hind foot). The paw volume was measured at 0,2,3 and 4 h after the injection. Four of the seven plants, namely Francoeuria crispa (24%), Malus pumila (23%), Ruta chalepensis (30%) and Smilax sarsaparilla (25%), produced significant inhibition of carrageenan-induced inflammation in rats. These plants also inhibited cotton pellet-induced exudation. Further studies are suggested to isolate the active principles and for the determination of the mechanism of action of these drugs.
TL;DR: No correlation was found between histological changes and duration of exposure, doses of exposure or smoking habits, but significant changes were found in the formaldehyde group but not in the group exposed to both formaldehyde and wood dust.
Abstract: In the nasal mucosa of rodents, both formaldehyde and wood dust have proved to be carcinogenic. Wood dust is also a well-known nasal carcinogen in man. The effects of long-term exposure of humans to formaldehyde, however, are more obscure. In this investigation two groups of workers with well-defined exposure to formaldehyde and to formaldehyde and wood dust, respectively, were compared with a control group regarding histological changes in nasal specimens from the middle turbinate. Significant changes were found in the formaldehyde group but not in the group exposed to both formaldehyde and wood dust. No correlation was found between histological changes and duration of exposure, doses of exposure or smoking habits.
16 Jan 1989
TL;DR: The effect of Lepidium sativum and Sarsaparilla smilax used for fracture healing in Saudi folk medicine significantly increased collagen deposition at fracture position and the tensile strength of the broken tibiae increased in the treated group, supporting its folklore use.
Abstract: We investigated the effect of Lepidium sativum and Sarsaparilla smilax used for fracture healing in Saudi folk medicine. These drugs were tested for their effect on collagen deposition and tensile strength in experimental models. L. sativum significantly increased collagen deposition at fracture position. The tensile strength of the broken tibiae also increased in the L. sativum treated group, supporting its folklore use. In the S. smilax treated group the effect was insignificant.
TL;DR: Brucellosis is endemic in Saudi Arabia and hospital laboratories are handling increasing numbers of specimens for diagnosis, with four cases of laboratory-acquired brucellosis reported.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: CT scan is definitely efficacious in the management of cerebral palsied children, as well as the aetiological basis for the cerebral palsy.
Abstract: The CT findings in 120 cerebral palsied children are analysed. The 72.5% positive findings are correlated with the clinical types, as well as the aetiological basis for the cerebral palsy. The spastic type, 83.3% of the total number of children, had the highest positive findings. The yield was increased in children with seizures (91.3%) and those in the postnatal group (90%), as well as those with birth trauma and neonatal asphyxia (94%). The findings were those of atrophy in 30.8%, hydrocephalus, in 10%, infarct in 11.6%, porencephaly in 8.3% and others. The atropic changes and their patterns are explained. Treatable lesions, such as tumour, hydrocephalus, subdural haematoma, porencephaly and hygroma were identified in 22.5% of cases. It is concluded that CT scan is definitely efficacious in the management of cerebral palsied children.
TL;DR: The results of the study suggest that the availability and accessability of modern effective medicines through the provision of decentralized community-based rural health services, by a well-trained and well-managed field personnel structure, had an incremental impact on the utilization of modern health care from a rural health center and its subcenters.
TL;DR: In this article, an elastic beam resting on a tensionless Winkler foundation, subjected to a concentrated load, a uniformly distributed load and a concentrated force, is analyzed. And the results, which represent the static and dynamic responses of the beam, are presented in the figures.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A marked decrease in the CD4+ 2H4+ cell subsets in the circulating blood of all patients with severe active SLE and central nervous system (CNS) disease is related with meaningful functional properties of the T cells in an abnormal immune system.
Abstract: We investigated 2H4+ and 4B4+ T cell subsets from the purified CD4+ helper/inducer and CD8+ suppressor/cytotoxic T cells in circulating blood of 15 patients with severe active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 6 patients with inactive SLE, 5 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and seven healthy controls. The percentage of the total CD4+ T cells increased and CD8+ T cells decreased in all patients with active SLE. Of interest, however, all the patients with active SLE and central nervous system (CNS) disease had a selective decrease in the percentage of CD4+ 2H4+ T cell subsets in circulating blood that is responsible for induction of the CD8+ suppressor T cells. This loss of the CD4+ 2H4+ T cells was accompanied by an increase in the CD4+ 4B4+ T cell subsets, that are the true helper/inducers providing help for B cell immunoglobulin production. A marked decrease in the CD4+ 2H4+ cell subsets in the circulating blood of all patients with severe active SLE and CNS disease is related with meaningful functional properties of the T cells in an abnormal immune system.
TL;DR: Findings suggest the involvement of beta adrenergic receptors in cathinone and amphetamine induced thermogenesis and the importance of dose dependent increases in intracapsular brown adipose tissue and rectal temperatures.
TL;DR: The hypothesis that the laryngeal spindle cell carcinomas are true carcinomas with mesenchymal metaplasia and that the spindle‐shaped cells are part of the neoplasm and not benign, reactive fibroblasts is supported.
Abstract: The clinicopathological features of 14 laryngeal neoplasms consisting of spindle-shaped cells are presented. Light microscopy showed a variety of morphological patterns from that of pleomorphic sarcoma and fibrosarcoma to more loose vascular patterns. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the spindle-shaped cells had a positive keratin immunoreactivity in 8 of 14 cases, and also that some cases had a dual expression of keratin and vimentin filaments. Electron microscopy showed that spindle-shaped cells had epithelial ultrastructures. The results support the hypothesis that the spindle cell carcinomas are true carcinomas with mesenchymal metaplasia and that the spindle-shaped cells are part of the neoplasm and not benign, reactive fibroblasts. These lesions occurred mainly on the true vocal cords in elderly patients. The neoplasms were nearly all polypoid, and many also ulcerated. There is no significant difference in clinical behaviour between laryngeal spindle cell carcinomas and ordinary squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx, and the same treatment policy is therefore advocated. Being polypoid and therefore able to be surgically removed with relative ease, they may even present a more favourable clinical course.
TL;DR: The present procedure permits identification of the albumin and transferrin in unconcentrated urines, thus avoiding their partial loss, and suggests that they may play a role in stone formation and growth.
Abstract: Mini-slab electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel can be used to detect protein in unconcentrated urines containing more than 100 mg of protein per liter. Several urinary proteins--including albumin, transferrin, and the Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein--precipitate, partly or totally, if urine samples are stored at 4 degrees C for one or two days. The present procedure permits identification of the albumin and transferrin in unconcentrated urines, thus avoiding their partial loss. Stone-matrix proteins in 10 mg or more of urinary calculi also could be detected. Albumin, transferrin, and Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein accounted for greater than 40% of the total matrix protein in most of the urinary stones analyzed. The precipitation properties of these proteins and their high concentrations in stone matrix relative to those in urine suggest that they may play a role in stone formation and growth.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A case of Turcot's syndrome in a 20-year old man with multiple adenomatous polyps of the colon and glioblastoma multiforme is reported and 45% of the total polyps and all polyps with a diameter exceeding 2 cm showed malignant transformation, indicating the precancerous nature of these polyps.
Abstract: We report a case of Turcot's syndrome in a 20-year old man with multiple adenomatous polyps of the colon and glioblasto ma multiforme. Detailed histopathological study of all 25 polyps removed from his colon confirmed the distinct morphological and numerical features of the colonic polyposis in Turcot's syndrome. Moreover, 450/0of the total polyps and all polyps with a diameter exceeding 2 cm showed malignant transformation, indicating the precancerous nature of these polyps. These find ings are discussed together with data obtained from a literature review of 32 histopathologically confirmed cases of Turcot's syndrome with reference to the possible heterogeneous nature of the syndrome at the present time. The current views on the relationship of Turcot's syndrome to other polyposis coli syn dromes are presented.
TL;DR: Four cases of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis are presented and it is hypothesized that those sand particles are responsible for triggering a hyperimmune response resulting in the formation of microlithsiasis.
Abstract: Four cases of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis are presented. These patients had heavy exposure to sand particles for long periods. This is to hypothesize that those sand particles are responsible fo
TL;DR: The authors investigated aspects of naming conventions and terms of reference and address common in Jordan and found that these linguistic features exhibit a certain amount of pro-male and anti-female bias and the dominant social and cultural values and beliefs.
TL;DR: Daily oral treatment with T. foenum-graecum significantly decreased the quantity of calcium oxalate deposited in the kidneys thus supporting its use in Saudi folk medicine.
TL;DR: In this article, a very fast steady state simulation method for MSF desalination plants based on the method of orthogonal collocation is presented, where instead of solving mass and heat balances for all stages very few selected stages are solved.