Showing papers by "Kongu Engineering College published in 2014"
TL;DR: Aglass fibers reinforced polymer composites have been prepared by various manufacturing technology and are widely used for various applications as mentioned in this paper, however, they are not suitable for the use in medical applications.
Abstract: Glass fibers reinforced polymer composites have been prepared by various manufacturing technology and are widely used for various applications. Initially, ancient Egyptians made containers by glass...
519 citations
TL;DR: The fiber reinforced hybrid composites consist of two or more fiber in a matrix system as mentioned in this paper and different fibers were reinforced with suitable matrix for preparing the hybrid composite using various manufacturing methodology.
Abstract: The polymer matrix composites have been widely used for many applications. These are light in weight and easy for manufacturing. The hybrid fiber reinforced composites have been prepared to enhance the mechanical, thermal, damping properties compared to single-fiber reinforced composites. The fiber reinforced hybrid composites consist of two or more fiber in a matrix system. The different fibers were reinforced with suitable matrix for preparing the hybrid composites using various manufacturing methodology. The hybrid composites are used for many application and replacing wood, wood fiber composites and conventional materials. The mechanical properties (tensile, flexural and impact), dynamic, tribological and water absorption properties of natural fiber reinforced hybrid polymer composites and natural/synthetic fiber reinforced hybrid polymer composites were reported.
241 citations
TL;DR: In this present study, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was applied to extraction of pectin from waste Citrullus Lanatus fruit rinds and results showed that, all the process variables have significant effect on the extraction yield.
160 citations
TL;DR: The results of the study demonstrated that, the tapioca starch based composites were showed a limited lifetime in biotic environment which make them suitable for being disposed in landfills after their use.
125 citations
TL;DR: Graphene has drawn a great attention in the recent research innovations mainly due to its structural geometry, which is composed of one-atom thick planar sheet of hexagonally arrayed sp2 carbon ato...
Abstract: Graphene has drawn a great attention in the recent research innovations mainly due to its structural geometry, which is composed of one-atom thick planar sheet of hexagonally arrayed sp2 carbon ato...
120 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that ultrasound-assisted extraction could be a good alternative for the extraction of polysaccharide from N. lappaceum L. fruit peel at industrial level.
110 citations
TL;DR: From the experimental data, second order polynomial mathematical models were developed with high coefficient of determination values and the experimental value indicated the suitability of developed models.
Abstract: Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SC-CO2) of total anthocyanin and phenolic compounds from jamun fruits was investigated using three factors at three levels Box–Behnken response surface design. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of three independent variables (pressure, temperature and co-solvent flow rate) on the maximum extraction yield of anthocyanin and phenolic compounds from jamun fruits. From the experimental data, second order polynomial mathematical models were developed with high coefficient of determination values (R2 > 0.98). From response surface plots, pressure, temperature and co-solvent flow rate exhibited independent and interactive effects on the extraction yields. Pressure of 162 bar, extraction temperature at 50 °C and co-solvent flow rate of 2.0 g/min was identified as optimal conditions. Under these optimal conditions, the experimental value agreed well with the predicted values and indicates the suitability of developed models.
105 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the influence of independent process variables like extraction temperature, time and mass of beetroot on the aqueous extraction of betalain from beetroot.
103 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the properties of copper nanoparticles mainly depend on the synthesis route and their process parameters and the influence of process parameters on the morphology, growth and yield of the nanoparticles by adopting various synthesis methods.
Abstract: Copper nanoparticles received much attention due to its high electrical conductivity, high melting point, low electrochemical migration behavior and low cost. Top down (physical methods) and bottom up (chemical and biological) approaches adopted for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles are reported. The property of copper nanoparticles mainly depends on the synthesis route and their process parameters. The influence of process parameters on the morphology, growth and yield of the nanoparticles by adopting various synthesis methods are discussed in detail. From the earlier reports, it is proved that electrochemical and chemical reduction method have received much higher attention due to their simple operation, low cost, faster reaction rate, high yield, environment friendly and low energy consumption. The characterization techniques, advantages and limitations of each synthesis methods are also discussed. The extensive applications of copper nanoparticles in various fields are also highlighted.
81 citations
TL;DR: Microwave assisted extraction (MAE) technique was employed for the extraction of pectin from dragon fruit peel using four-variable-three-level Box-Behnken design coupled with response surface methodology (RSM).
78 citations
TL;DR: Electrocoagulation process can be scale up in large scale level to treat grey wastewater with high removal efficiency of TS, COD and FC, and is indicated to be able to treat large quantity of grey wastewater under different operating conditions.
Abstract: Discharge of grey wastewater into the ecological system causes the negative impact effect on receiving water bodies. In this present study, electrocoagulation process (EC) was investigated to treat grey wastewater under different operating conditions such as initial pH (4–8), current density (10–30 mA/cm2), electrode distance (4–6 cm) and electrolysis time (5–25 min) by using stainless steel (SS) anode in batch mode. Four factors with five levels Box-Behnken response surface design (BBD) was employed to optimize and investigate the effect of process variables on the responses such as total solids (TS), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and fecal coliform (FC) removal. The process variables showed significant effect on the electrocoagulation treatment process. The results were analyzed by Pareto analysis of variance (ANOVA) and second order polynomial models were developed in order to study the electrocoagulation process statistically. The optimal operating conditions were found to be: initial pH of 7, current density of 20 mA/cm2, electrode distance of 5 cm and electrolysis time of 20 min. These results indicated that EC process can be scale up in large scale level to treat grey wastewater with high removal efficiency of TS, COD and FC.
TL;DR: In this paper, a conceptual MPPT technique based on Firefly Algorithm (FA) was introduced to track the global peak in photovoltaic systems under changing irradiance conditions.
TL;DR: In this article, a new system with evacuated tube collector using synthetic oil as heat transfer fluid coupled with parabolic trough is developed and studied experimentally for instant hot water generation in the presence of low solar irradiance.
TL;DR: In this paper, the activated carbon produced from immature cotton seeds via sulphuric acid activation was utilized for adsorption of the basic red 9 from the aqueous solution, and the optimized parameters were found to be pH: 12, temperature: 40°C, agitation time: 3'h and initial concentration: 150'mg/l.
Abstract: The activated carbon produced from immature cotton seeds via sulphuric acid activation was utilized for adsorption of the basic red 9 from the aqueous solution. Adsorbent possessed a larger surface area (495.96 m2/g), methylene blue number (42) and iodine number (510). The process parameters of the sorption system, such as pH of the solution (2–12), temperature (20–40°C) agitation time (1–5 h) and initial BR9 concentration (50–250 mg/l), were studied to understand their effects on BR9 removal. The optimized parameters are found to be pH: 12, temperature: 40°C, agitation time: 3 h and initial concentration: 150 mg/l. The experimental equilibrium data were analysed using a single-parameter model (Henry’s law), six two-parameter models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin–Radushkevich, Smith, and Javanovic), eleven three-parameter models (Redlich–Peterson, Sips, Toth, Hill, Khan, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Fritz–Schluender-III, Vieth–Sladek, Radke–Prausnitz, Brouers–Sotolongo, and Unilin), five ...
TL;DR: In this paper, the adsorption of Basic Magenta II onto H 2 SO 4 activated immature Gossypium hirsutum seeds was analyzed using Ho, modified Freundlich, Sobkowsk-Czerwi, Blanchard, Elovich, Avrami, and modified Ritchie kinetic models by nonlinear regression-sum of normalized errors analysis.
TL;DR: The results showed that the contribution of the quadratic model was significant for all the responses and second-order mathematical regression models were developed and were found to fit well with observed data.
Abstract: The objective of the present study is to find out the optimum extraction conditions for extraction of polyphenols from red grapes using Box–Behnken design. Red grapes polyphenols were extracted using acid–ethanol solvent at various extraction temperature (40–60°C), extraction time (20–100 min) and different solid–liquid ratio (1:5–1:15 g:ml). The effect (main and interactive) of extraction conditions on total anthocyanin, phenolic and flavonoid content were studied using Box–Behnken design (three factors at three levels). The results showed that the contribution of the quadratic model was significant for all the responses. Second-order mathematical regression models were developed and were found to fit well with observed data. Derringer's desirability function methodology was performed to find out the optimal conditions based on both individual and combinations of all responses (extraction temperature: 57°C, time: 61 min, and solid–liquid ratio: 1:8.7 g:ml) were established. At this optimal condition, the...
TL;DR: In this article, the main and interactive effects of five process factors like, adsorbent dose, initial dye concentration, contact time, pH and temperature were investigated to select the influencing key factors via 25 two-level full factorial design.
25 Jun 2014
TL;DR: Comparing precision field-strength measurements taken by a Rohde & Schwarz FSH-3 portable spectrum analyzer with simulation results derived from the ITM coverage prediction model, also known as NTIA-ITS Longley-Rice model, shows that ITU-R P. 1546, on average, underestimates the field strength at distances longer than 50 km.
Abstract: This paper compares precision field-strength
measurements taken by a Rohde & Schwarz FSH-3
portable spectrum analyzer with simulation results derived
from the ITM coverage prediction model (Irregular
Terrain Model), also known as NTIA-ITS Longley-Rice
model, in conjunction with the 3-arc-second SRTM
(Satellite Radar Topography Mission) geographical data,
the propagation predictions of ITU-R Recommendation
P.1546 and those of the empirical Hata-Davidson model
using HAAT. ITU-R P.1546 and Hata-Davidson models
exhibit higher errors at longer distances and therefore
necessary corrections should be introduced in the models
in order to increase propagation prediction accuracy.
Especially, measurements results show that ITU-R P.1546,
on average, underestimates the field strength at distances
longer than 50 km. The Longley-Rice model using the
terrain digital elevations is more accurate, as expected,
and its results are closer to the measurement data.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the efficiency of chitosan as an adsorbent to treat egg processing industry wastewater and found that the effective adsorption process was confirmed by FT-IR spectra analysis.
Abstract: The objective of this present study is to investigate the efficiency of
chitosan as an adsorbent to treat egg processing industry wastewater.
Parameters affecting the effluent treatment process such as pH, chitosan
dosage, settling time and initial chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration
on the reduction percentage of turbidity, COD and biochemical oxygen demand
(BOD) were studied. Optimum condition was found to be pH of 4, chitosan
dosage of 1.1 g L-1 and settling time of 40 min respectively. The maximum
reduction percentage of turbidity, COD and BOD were found to be 94 %, 88 %
and 83 % respectively. The effective adsorption process was confirmed by
FT-IR spectra analysis. The experimental data was analyzed by different
isotherm and kinetic models. Langmuir isotherm type I model was
satisfactorily described the adsorption mechanism and the rate of COD
reduction followed the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. A four factor, three
levels Box-Behnken response surface design was employed to develop second
order polynomial mathematical models from the experimental data.
08 Sep 2014
TL;DR: The main objective of this paper is to use a metaheuristic algorithm to determine the optimal feature subset with improved classification accuracy in cardiovascular disease diagnosis and the results show that, ABC-SVM performs better than Feature selection with reverse ranking.
Abstract: Machine learning techniques are widely used in medical decision support systems. Medical diagnosis helps to obtain different features representing the different variations of the disease. With the help of different diagnostic procedures, it is likely to have relevant, irrelevant and redundant features to represent a disease. Redundant features contribute to the wrong classification of the disease. Therefore, removing the redundant features reduces the size of the data and computation complexity. Identifying a good feature subset for effective classification is a non-trivial task. This requires an exhaustive search over the sample space of the dataset. The main objective of this paper is to use a metaheuristic algorithm to determine the optimal feature subset with improved classification accuracy in cardiovascular disease diagnosis. Swarm intelligence based Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm is used to find the best features in the disease identification. To evaluate the fitness of ABC, Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification is used. The performance of the proposed algorithm is validated against the Cleveland Heart disease dataset taken from the UCI machine learning repository. The experimental results show that, ABC-SVM performs better than Feature selection with reverse ranking. The results also show that, the proposed method obtained good classification accuracy with only seven features.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the efficiency of the electrocoagulation process as a post-treatment to treat biologically-processed bagasse effluent using iron electrodes, and the experimental results were analyzed by Pareto analysis of variance discrepancy (ANOVA) and second order polynomial mathematical models were developed with a high correlation of efficiency for COD, TSS removal and electrical consumption.
Abstract: The main objective of the present study was to investigate the efficiency of
electrocoagulation process as a post-treatment to treat biologically
pretreated bagasse effluent using iron electrodes. The removal of chemical
oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS) were studied under
different operating conditions such as amount of dilution, initial pH,
applied current and electrolyte dose by using response surface methodology
(RSM) coupled with four-factor three-level Box-Behnken experimental design
(BBD). The experimental results were analyzed by Pareto analysis of variance
(ANOVA) and second order polynomial mathematical models were developed with
high correlation of efficiency (R2) for COD, TSS removal and electrical
energy consumption (EEC). The individual and combined effect of variables on
responses was studied using three dimensional response surface plots. Under
the optimum operating conditions, such as amount of dilution at 30 %, initial
pH of 6.5, applied current of 8 mA cm-2 and electrolyte dose of 740 mg l-1
shows the higher removal efficiency of COD (98 %) and TSS (93 %) with EEC of
2.40 Wh, which were confirmed by validation experiments.
TL;DR: Under the optimum conditions, experimental values such as turbidity, BOD and COD removals are closely agreed with predicted values.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the efficiency of electrochemical method to treat chicken processing industry wastewater under different operating conditions such as amount of dilution (10 − 30), initial pH (4 − 9), applied current (10−20 −mA/cm2) and electrolyte dose (500 −1250 mg/l).
Abstract: The main objectives of the present study is to investigate the efficiency of electrochemical method to treat chicken processing industry wastewater under different operating conditions such as amount of dilution (10–30%), initial pH (4–9), applied current (10–20 mA/cm2) and electrolyte dose (500–1250 mg/l). From the experimental data, Box–Behnken experimental design (BBD) was used to develop the second order polynomial models. Optimum operating conditions was found to be; amount of dilution at 30%, initial pH of 6, applied current of 14 mA/cm2 and electrolyte dose of 1075 mg/l and it shows the 93% of COD removal rate and 95% of COD removal with electrical energy consumption value of 3.48 KW h/l. These results indicate that electrochemical method can be used as a effective treatment technique to treat chicken processing industry wastewater.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors have taken into focus the manufacturing of metal matrix composites by stir casting is taken into account, manufacturing of Aluminium Alloy (LM6)-SiC particle reinforced MMC by stircasting is the objective, they have focused on designing, fabricating and testing different stirrers and feeders and utilizing them in stir casting for aluminum silicon carbide composite materials.
TL;DR: Graphene oxide (GO) is a carbon-based material, which is one atom thick sheet of graphite as mentioned in this paper and has exceptional stiffness and strength owing to the presence of two-dimensional graphene backbone.
Abstract: Graphene oxide (GO) is a carbon-based material, which is one atom thick sheet of graphite. The nanofillers have exceptional stiffness and strength owing to the presence of two-dimensional graphene backbone. Especially owing to this reason, nanocomposites have been developed using GO for several applications. This review article explores the synthesis of GO from flake graphite. Main emphasis has been afforded on the preparation and characterization of GO nanocomposites, utilizing various industrial polymers for wide application in aerospace, biomedical, military, supercapacitors, electrical, sensor, and so on. Morphological characterization exploring the interaction and extent of dispersion of GO nanosheets in the polymer matrices is extensively accounted. From the reports, it is clear that exfoliation and strong interaction of GO tremendously improved the physical, mechanical, thermal, electrochemical, biocompatibility, and tribological properties of the added polymer. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:2297–2310, 2014. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers
TL;DR: In this article, the mechanical properties and water absorption under various climatic conditions are examined according to the prescribed standard, and the results show that mechanical properties increase with increase in fiber length and weight fraction of the composites.
Abstract: Natural fiber composite replaces the conventional and synthetic materials in many fields especially in light weight applications. The randomly oriented short snake grass fiber reinforced isophthallic polyester composites are prepared by hand lay-up technique and finally compression molded. The various length and weight fraction of fiber are used in composite fabrication. The mechanical properties and water absorption under various climatic conditions are examined according to the prescribed standard. SEM image revealing the fiber pullout and breakage of the tensile and impact fractured composite specimens has been analysed and compared with control through scanning electron microscope. The result shows that the mechanical properties increase with increase in fiber length and weight fraction of the composites. The rate of water absorption increases with increase in temperature and time. Obtained experimental tensile strength of the composite is compared with various theoretical models such as Series, Hirsch’s, Halpin-Tsai, Modified Halpin-Tsai and Modified Bowyer & Brader’s and the obtained inferences are discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the effect of operating parameters such as electrode distance, stirring speed, electrolyte concentration, pH, current density and electrolysis time on percentage turbidity, chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand removal.
Abstract: The treatment of egg processing effluent was investigated in a batch electrocoagulation reactor using aluminum as sacrificial electrodes. The influence of operating parameters such as electrode distance, stirring speed, electrolyte concentration, pH, current density and electrolysis time on percentage turbidity, chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand removal were analyzed. From the experimental results, 3-cm electrode distance, 150 rpm, 1.5 g/l sodium chloride, pH of 6, 20 mA/cm2 current density, and 30-min electrolysis time were found to be optimum for maximum removal of turbidity, chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand. The removal of turbidity, chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand under the optimum condition was found to be 96, 89 and 84 %, respectively. The energy consumption was varied from 7.91 to 27.16 kWh/m3, and operating cost was varied from 1.36 to 4.25 US $/m3 depending on the operating conditions. Response surface methodology has been employed to evaluate the individual and interactive effects of four independent parameters such as electrolyte concentration (0.5–2.5 g/l), initial pH (4–8), current density (10–30 mA/cm2) and electrolysis time (10–50 min) on turbidity, chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand removal. The results have been analyzed using Pareto analysis of variance to predict the responses. Based on the analysis, second-order polynomial mathematical models were developed and found to be good fit with the experimental data.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a new power conditioner topology with an intelligent power management controller that integrates multiple renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy and fuel cell energy with battery backup to make the best use of their operating characteristics and obtain better reliability than that could be obtained by single renewable energy based power supply.
TL;DR: Optimum extraction conditions for maximizing the extraction yield of total anthocyanin and colors were found to be: extraction temperature of 44 °C, extraction time of 93 min and solid–liquid ratio of 1:15 g/ml.
Abstract: In this present study, natural pigment and colors from pulp of jamun fruit were extracted under different extraction conditions such as extraction temperature (40–60 ˚C), time (20–100 min) and solid–liquid ratio (1:10–1: 15 g/ml) by aqueous extraction method. Three factors with three levels Box-Behnken response surface design was employed to optimize and investigate the effect of process variables on the responses (total anthocyanin and color). The results were analyzed by Pareto analysis of variance (ANOVA) and second order polynomial models were developed to predict the responses. Optimum extraction conditions for maximizing the extraction yield of total anthocyanin (10.58 mg/100 g) and colors (10618.3 mg/l) were found to be: extraction temperature of 44 °C, extraction time of 93 min and solid–liquid ratio of 1:15 g/ml. Under these conditions, experimental values are closely agreed with predicted values.