Showing papers by "Kumamoto University published in 1968"
TL;DR: It was, therefore, newly found that polyglucose synthesized from glucose 1-phosphate by the enzyme activity is obviously different from native glycogen, contrary to Leloir's in-vitro observation.
Abstract: Polysaccharide formed histochemically from glucose 1-phosphate by the enzyme activity and native glycogen were observed under the electron microscope.Polyglucose newly formed only by phosphorylase in rat muscle fibers was stained blue with iodine and appeared to be a finer granular evidence showing ambiguous particles with a diameter from 100A to 150A, while native glycogen stained red brown with iodine was demonstrable in mono- particulate form with diameter from 200A to 400A.Polysaccharides synthesized by phosphorylase and branching enzyme in rat liver and hepatoma cells were stained red purple with iodine and were demonstrable in the same ambiguous granular form with a diameter from 100A to 200A, while native glycogen appeared to form so-called glycogen rosettes.In the methacrylate-embedded sections, the newly synthesized polyglucose was more sensitive to the electron beam and thereby was more easily degraded and missed in the cells than native glycogen. When using the Epon embedding the resistance of both substances to the electron beam increased markedly. Nevertheless, the newly formed polyglucose was less resistant to the beam than native glycogen. Furthermore, the synthe-sized polyglucose had difficult staining with lead hydroxide, while glycogen stained densely with it. It was, therefore, newly found that polyglucose synthesized from glucose 1-phosphate by the enzyme activity is obviously different from native glycogen, contrary to Leloir's in-vitro observation.
35 citations
TL;DR: This communication deals with isolation and purification of a factor which is associated with leucocyte emigration in Arthus lesions and identifies a chemical mediator different from those in other forms of inflammation.
Abstract: INCREASED vascular permeability and leucocyte emigration are important events in inflammation. In the Arthus reaction the time course of these events is distinctive, suggesting a chemical mediator different from those in other forms of inflammation1. We isolated permeability factors from the Arthus skin lesion during the period of increased vascular permeability change and then purified them2–5. Promoters of leucocyte emigration have been found in leucocytes or tissue-serum mixtures6,7 and lymph node cells8, but these substances have not yet been purified satisfactorily. The cationic protein from polymorphonuclear (PMN) lysosomes9,10 and leucotaxine11 from pleural exudates stimulate PMN emigration, but they also increase vascular permeability. This communication deals with isolation and purification of a factor which is associated with leucocyte emigration in Arthus lesions.
26 citations
16 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the rates of aminolysis of p -substituted phenyl N-phenyl carbamates with aniline in dioxan forming N,N′-diphenylurea and corresponding phenols were followed by UV spectrophotometry.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a new xanthone C-glycoside, named homomangiferin, C19H17O10 (OCH3)·1.5H2O, decomposing over 250° without melting, [α]14D+8.7° (pyridine), was isolated from crude mangiferin obtained from the bark of Mangifera indica L. On the basis of chemical and spectral data, it has been formulated as 2-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl-3-meth
Abstract: A new xanthone C-glycoside, named homomangiferin, C19H17O10 (OCH3)·1.5H2O, decomposing over 250° without melting, [α]14D+8.7° (pyridine), was isolated from crude mangiferin obtained from the bark of Mangifera indica L. On the basis of chemical and spectral data, it has been formulated as 2-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl-3-methoxy-1, 6, 7-trihydroxyxanthone (II), i.e., 3-O-methylmangiferin. Of four possible monomethyl ethers in the aglycone moiety of mangiferin (I), the three, 1-, 3- and 7-methyl ethers, have been synthesized and the identity of homomangiferin with synthetic 3-O-methylmangiferin was confirmed by direct comparison. The nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of natural and synthetic II and of the heptaacetate (III) measured in pyridine solution showed the signals of methoxyl and acetoxyl groups as a doublet at room temperature (20-23°) and as a sharp singlet at 50°, whereas the methoxyl signals of 1-O- and 7-O-methylmangiferins (VII, XI) and of swertisin (6-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl-7-methoxy-4', 5-dihydroxyflavone) (XIV) appeared as a sharp singlet.
15 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that Na and Li ions are mainly responsible for the gener-ation of the receptors potential but Ca and K ions may not affect the receptor potential directly.
Abstract: 1. Changes in the threshold of the Pacinian corpuscle for mech anical stimulation by perfusion with Na-free solution, Li solution and solutions of varying K and Ca concentrations respectively were measured.2. After perfusion of the corpuscle with Na-free solution the threshold in-creased first and the initiation of impulses was abolished withi n 8 min after perfusion. The impulse reappeared immediately after replacing Na -free solution by the normal one, the threshold returning to the initial value within 3.6 min. 3. Li solution caused an increase in the threshold and abolished the impulse within 22 min after the onset of perfusion, the recovery time being about 30 min, while nerve fibers supplying corpuscles lost their excitability after 90min in Li solution.4. Perfusion with solutions of low K content and K-free solution produced a slight increase in the threshold, while with 11.2 mM KC1-solution the threshold was decreased. Perfusion with 28.4 mM KCl-solution caused a marked increase in the threshold and abolished the impulse5. By perfusion with low Ca solution a threshold decrease was obse rved and with Ca-free solution the impulse initiation was maintained for 1 hr, while Ca-free solution containing EDTA blocked the impulse. Effects of EDTA were reversible. With increasing Ca concentration in the perf using solution the threshold increased and in 108 mM Ca-solution the impulse initiation was abol-ished.6. It is concluded that Na and Li ions are mainly responsible for the gener-ation of the receptor potential but Ca and K ions may not affect the receptor potential directly.
10 citations
TL;DR: Intracellularly synthesized polysaccharide from glucose-1-phosphate by phosphorylase and amylo-l,4• ̈1,6-transglucosidase in rat liver cells was observed by histochemical and electron microscopical procedures and appeared to be finer granules than ƒÀ-granules of native glycogen.
10 citations
TL;DR: The receptor potential of the non-myelinated terminal of Pacinian corpuscles, of which the lamellae had been almost removed, was recorded in normal saline and Na-deficient solutions and indicates that Li ions can substitute for Na in generating the receptor potential.
Abstract: The receptor potential of the non-myelinated terminal of Pacinian corpuscles, of which the lamellae had been almost removed, was recorded in normal saline and Na-deficient solutions. Af ter replacement of the saline solution immersing the terminal by choline solution the receptor potential amplitude is reduced gradually to 25-50% of the original value in 60-90 min, the time course of the reduction being much slower than that obtained by perfusion of the corpuscle. Replacement of the saline solution by Li solution caused a decrease of the receptor potential to 70% of the original value in 60-90 min. The difference in the time course of the reduction in the receptor potential in Li solution from that in choline solution indicates that Li ions can substitute for Na in generating the receptor potential. The decrease in the receptor potential in Li solution has been attributed to accumulation of Li ions inside the terminal.
9 citations
7 citations
TL;DR: Antibacterial tests of these derivatives on tubercle bacilli were carried out and some N-(2-pyridyl) amide and nitrofurfurylidene derivatives showed a strong activity.
Abstract: N-Substituted 6-nitro- and 7-nitro-3-coumarincarboxamides were prepared from these corresponding acids by the Schotten-Baumann reaction. N-(2-Pyridyl)-7-nitro-8-hydroxy-and N-(2-pyridyl)-7-nitro-8-methoxy-3-coumarincarboxamide were also prepared by the fusing of these ethyl esters and 2-aminopyridine. All of N-substituted nitro-3-coumarincarboxamides were derived to the corresponding N-substituted amino-3-coumarincarboxamides by a catalytic reduction and then the acetamido and the nitrofurfurylidene derivatives were finally prepared. Antibacterial tests of these derivatives on tubercle bacilli were carried out and some N-(2-pyridyl) amide and nitrofurfurylidene derivatives showed a strong activity.
7 citations
01 Jan 1968
TL;DR: The tissue distribution of enzymatic activities in intestinal metaplasia stomachs exhibiting chronic gastritis was compared histochemically with that of the small intestine in man.
Abstract: The tissue distribution of enzymatic activities in intestinal metaplasia stomachs exhibiting chronic gastritis was compared histochemically with that of the small intestine in man.
TL;DR: The intermediate products yielded by the reaction of biguanides with diethyl oxalate were inferred to be (4, 5-dioxo-2-imidazolidinylidene) guanidines by means of their infrared absorption spectra as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The intermediate products yielded by the reaction of biguanides with diethyl oxalate were inferred to be (4, 5-dioxo-2-imidazolidinylidene) guanidines by means of their infrared absorption spectra. Moreover, in order to elucidate this reaction mechanism, the reaction between guanidine containing the similar structural moiety to biguanides and diethyl oxalate was examined. As the result, it was assumed that the reaction of biguanide with diethyl oxalate would proceed through the cyclic transition state to afford (4, 5-dioxo-2-imidazolidinylidene) guanidine.
TL;DR: The reaction of N-amidino-O-alkylisourea with some carboxylic esters was attempted and alkyl 4-amino-6-alkoxy-s-triazine-2-carboxylate was easily converted into the coresponding amide with a variety of amines.
Abstract: The reaction of N-amidino-O-alkylisourea with some carboxylic esters was attempted. Condensation with diethyl oxalate in alcohol gave alkyl 4-amino-6-alkoxy-s-triazine-2-carboxylate through the formation of the five membered-ring intermediate. Alkyl 4-amino-6-alkoxy-s-triazine-2-carboxylate was easily converted into the coresponding amide with a variety of amines. Condensation with ethyl acetoacetate gave 6-methyl-2-alkoxyamidino-4-pyrimidinol and 4-amino-2-alkoxy-6-acetomethyl-s-triazine. Condensation with ethyl cyanoacetate afforded only 4-amino-2-alkoxy-6-cyanomethyl-s-triazine, but not any expected pyrimidinol. Condensation with ethyl chloroacetate gave 4-amino-2-alkoxy-6-chloromethyl-s-triazine, which was converted into 4-amino-2-alkoxy-6-substituted amino-s-triazine with a variety of amines.
TL;DR: The observations suggested possible synthesis of this inhibitor in the inflamed skin site and the inhibitor (polypeptide) behaved as a homogeneous substance in electrophoresis and ultra-centrifugation.
Abstract: The specific inhibitor of SH-dependent skin protease responsible for the development of Arthus-type inflammation was isolated from the skin site and highly purified by chromatography. The gradual cessation of the inflammatory process was associated with a local increase of the inhibitor. The inhibitor (polypeptide) behaved as a homogeneous substance in electrophoresis and ultra-centrifugation. The constituent amino-acids of the polypeptide were as follows: Cys, Met, Asp, Thr, Ser, Glu, Pro, Ala, Gly, Val, Len, Ileu, Phe, Lys, His, Arg and HO-pro. The labeled amino-acids (35S-methionine or 35S-cystine) given intravenously were incorporated into the inhibitor; approximately 87 per cent of radioactivity in the hydrolysed inhibitor was found in methionine and approximately 13 per cent in cystine. The observations suggested possible synthesis of this inhibitor in the inflamed skin site.
TL;DR: The reaction products, dark blue granules of diformazan were intensely demonstrated in cytoplasms of rabbit liver cells in all areas of lobuli, without nuclei and were moderately revealed in intermyofibrillar sarcoplasms of the large fibers and weakly in the small fibers.
Abstract: A method for the histochemical demonstration of phosphoglucomutase was improved in cryostat sections of liver and muscle of rabbit under light microscope.Several biochemical activators and a specific inhibitor for the enzyme were applied. Magnesium ions (1 mM) and L-histidine (5 mM) had an advantage of histochemical demonstration of the enzyme activity. The specific inhibitor, beryllium ions (1 mM) were effective to prove histochemically the specificity of the enzyme. Imidazole buffer (4×10-2M pH 7.4) was qualified for the incubation of demonstrating the enzyme reaction.Suitable conditions for histochemical reaction for the enzyme activity were determined as follows: 80 mg glucose-1-phosphate, 5 mg adenosine triphosphate, 2.5 mg nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), 1 mM magnesium chloride, 5 mM L-histidine, 5 ml nitro blue tetrazolium (Nitro BT, 1 mg/ml), 10 ml imidazole buffer (pH 7.4), 5 ml 3% gelatin, 0.04 ml glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase solution (1 mg/ml) and distilled water in a total volume of 25 ml. Two control procedures were prepared, using the incubation mixture without glucose-1-phosphate and the substrate mixture with 1 mMberyllium sulphate.The reaction products, dark blue granules of diformazan were intensely demonstrated in cytoplasms of rabbit liver cells in all areas of lobuli, without nuclei. They were moderately revealed in intermyofibrillar sarcoplasms of the large fibers and weakly in the small fibers.
TL;DR: It is concluded that the impulse-initiating mechanism has a different tibility to local anesthetics from the mechanism generating receptor potentials and that procaine and Ca ions act competitively in initiating impulses at the non-myelinated terminal of Pacinian corpuscles.
Abstract: 1. Effects of several local anesthetics on the sensory terminal of Pacinian corpuscles were studied by measuring changes in the threshold when perfused with anesthetic solutions.2. 0.03%-Procaine solution abolished impulses from corpuscles within 5min after their perfusion, while the axon supplying corpuscles lost their excitability 30min after immersion in 0.03%-procaine solution. Impulses reappeared immediately after replacement of procaine solutions by the normal one. It took a longer time for local anesthetics to cause conduction blockage in axons supplying corpuscles than that necessary for abolishing impulses from corpuscles.3. The effect of procaine on blocking impulses from corpuscles was increased by a reduction in Ca concentrations in the perfusing solution, while an increase of Ca ions decreased the effect of procaine.4. The effect of procaine on impulses was not modified by changing Na concentrations from 77 mM to 308 mM in the perfusing solution.5. Blocking potencies of six local anesthetics on Pacinian corpuscles were in suscepthe order of tetracaine> lidocaine> chloroprocaine> carbocaine>cocaine> procaine.6. It is concluded that the impulse-initiating mechanism has a different tibility to local anesthetics from the mechanism generating receptor potentials and that procaine and Ca ions act competitively in initiating impulses at the non-myelinated terminal of Pacinian corpuscles.
01 Jan 1968
TL;DR: There are the destruction of the navicular, cuneiforme and calcaneal bones roentgenologically, and these findings show the feature of the leprous osteous osteomyelitis in early stages.
Abstract: Charcot like change in leprosy appears only on foot and ankle but not another joint. We found 3 cases of the destruction all over the tarsus, 23 cases on ankle joint, 8 cases on Chopart joint, 4 cases on Lisfranc joint and 7 cases on subtalar joint of 45 joints in totals.Charcot like change in tarsal bone and ankle joint may be caused by repeated distorsion. Clinical finding shows lateral instability. The sclerosis and deformity of the tarsal bone and the loose bodies in ankle joint are reviewed roentgenologically, but there is rare the proliferation of bone.In Chopart joint, Lisfranc joint and subtalar joint, a warm swollen ankle is developed without existing cause, and the stability of foot is good.There are the destruction of the navicular, cuneiforme and calcaneal bones roentgenologically, and these findings show the feature of the leprous osteous osteomyelitis in early stages.
TL;DR: A new type of K-U compression plate which was devised in this clinic has the characteristic hole having oblique groove to compression for osteosynthesis, which needs not other apparatus for compression between the fractured fragments, and the osteoosynthesis with compression is satisfactory by turning the screw only.
Abstract: A new type of K-U compression plate which was devised in our clinic has the characteristic hole having oblique groove to compression for osteosynthesis. The use of this plate needs not other apparatus for compression between the fractured fragments, and the osteosynthesis with compression is satisfactory by turning the screw only. On K-U compression plate we report the physical and mechanical study which has been done in our clinic, and discuss how to use this plate.This plate was made with 18-8-Mo stainless steel, and showed the hardness of 23° HRC in cold working and the surface of circular arc in cross section. One side of this plate has few round holes for fixing screw, and other side has one or two silding grooves and an oval hole for compressing the screw.Another plate has few round holes for fixing screw and two or three sliding grooves for compression.The sliding groove of this plate shows a gentle slope, and an angle of the inclined plane is about 12-15 degrees.The attention to use K-U compression plate is as follows;1) The plate is made to curve along the curvature of bone.2) Sliding groove of this plate is fixed on thickened side of cortex.3) An oval hole prevents separating between the plate and the fractured fragment.4) Screw are inserted at a right angle to the plate.
TL;DR: The strong alkaline fluids of the night soils separated from the chemical treatment were nutralized by aeration and digested anaerobically at 30°C with sludge obtained from a digestion tank.
Abstract: The strong alkaline fluids of the night soils separated from the chemical treatment were nutralized by aeration.With the aeration of 30l/1l sample/hr. for 24hr., pH was reduced from 12.0 to 8.4 and total nitrogen was reduced from 2369ppm to 879ppm. With the aeration of 50l/1l sample/hr. for 16hr., pH was reduced from 11.8 to 8.2 and total nitrogen was reduced from 1740ppm to 833ppm. With the aeration of 450l/1l sample/hr. for 2hr., pH was reduced from 11.0 to 8.0 and total nitrogen was reduced from 2135ppm to 600ppm.The above separated fluids was digested anaerobically at 30°C with sludge obtained from a digestion tank. In the separated fluids after 15 days of digestion, BOD was reduced to approximately 200ppm (reduction rate: ca. 90%), COD was reduced to approximately 250ppm (reduction rate: ca. 20%), Volatile acid alkalinity was reduced to approximately 250ppm (reduction rate: ca. 80%).
TL;DR: The smear from giant-cell tumor is sufficient to study the finer cytological details of giant- cell, and also sufficient to diagnose.
Abstract: In 1955 F. Schajocowicz et al reported the study of aspiration biopsy in bone lesions, especially cytological and histological technique, and they considered that the smear is generally sufficient to diagnose eosinophilic granuloma, myeloma, metastatic carcinoma and to diffirentiate between Ewing's sarcoma and osteomyelitis, or between giant-cell tumor and osteolytic osteogenic sarcoma.We also studied the smear of bone tumors.The tissues obtained from tumors at surgery were drawn lengthwise on a slide, and was stained by Papanicolau's staining.The diagnostic characteristics shown in the smears from tumors were compared with the sections on which the histological diagnosis were made.Giant-cell tumor 2 cases, Chondroma 2 cases, Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia 1 case, Ewing's Sarcoma 1 case, Metastatic Carcinoma 3 cases, Chordoma 1 case were examined.The smear from giant-cell tumor is sufficient to study the finer cytological details of giant-cell, and also sufficient to diagnose.