Showing papers by "Kumamoto University published in 1978"
386 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the stability constant of α-and β-cyclodextrins with barbiturates, phenothiazines, sulfonylamides, and sulfonylureas was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Abstract: Stability constant (Ke) for 1 : 1 inclusion complexes of α-and β-cyclodextrins with barbiturates, phenothiazines, sulfonylamides, and sulfonylureas were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The retention times of the drugs following the binding to cyclodextrins in aqueous mobile phase on ion exchange support were quantitatively treated to obtain the Ke values. The Ke values obtained by HPLC method were in fair agreement with those obtained by other methods such as solubility and spectroscopic methods. The advantages of HPLC method developed here were that Ke values could be rapidly obtained by simple procedure with minimum quantity of the drugs and reproducibility and accuracy were not less than other methods. Furthermore, this method was proved to be particularly suitable for chemically unstable compounds such as phenothiazines.
107 citations
TL;DR: Pregnant C57BL mice and Pregnant Wistar rats were given a daily dose of methylmercuric chloride orally from the sixth through the thirteenth day of pregnancy, and the dose of 7.5 mg/kg caused a high incidence of fetal death and malformations in mice and rats, respectively.
Abstract: Pregnant C57BL mice were given a daily dose of 7.5, 6.0, 5.0 or 2.5 mg/kg methylmercuric chloride (MMC) orally from the sixth through the thirteenth day of pregnancy. Pregnant Wistar rats were given a daily dose of 7.5, 5.0 or 2.5 mg/kg MMC orally from the seventh through the fourteenth day of pregnancy. Fetal examinations were performed on days 18 and 20 in mice and rats, respectively. In mice, the dose of 7.5 mg/kg was embryocidal. The dose of 6.0 mg/kg also caused a high incidence of fetal death, decreased fetal weight and a marked increase in malformations. A dose of 5.0 mg/kg caused a decrease in fetal weight and a marked increase in the incidence of malformations. The most common malformations were cleft palate and fused thoracic vertebrae. In rats, the dose of 7.5 mg/kg caused a high incidence of fetal death and malformations. The most frequent malformations were cleft palate, generalized edema, brain lesions and wavy ribs. A dose of 5.0 mg/kg caused a significant decrease in fetal weight and a significant increase in the incidence of malformations.
94 citations
TL;DR: A new antitumor and antiviral substance, KS-2, was prepared by ethanol precipitation of the hot water extract of culture mycelia of Lentinus edodes KSLE 007 and was further purified by ECTEOLA-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography based on the interferon-inducing activity.
Abstract: A new antitumor and antiviral substance, KS-2, was prepared by ethanol precipitation of the hot water extract of culture mycelia of Lentinus edodes KSLE 007. It was further purified by ECTEOLA-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography based on the interferon-inducing activity. Its homogeneity was revealed by CsCl density gradient centrifugation, electrophoresis on cellulose acetate and Sephadex G-100 and ECTEOLA-cellulose column chromatography. KS-2 is mainly composed of alpha-linked mannose and contains a small amount of peptide which consists of serine, threonine and alanine with residual amounts of the other amino acids. The estimated molecular weight of KS-2 is between 6.0 X 10(4) and 9.5 X 10(4). KS-2 suppressed the growth of EHRLICH as well as Sarcoma-180 tumors in mice when given either orally or intraperitoneally. It is also capable of inducing an interferon in mice when dosed orally or intraperitoneally. The acute LD50 of KS-2 was found to be extremely low, more than 12,500 mg/kg when administered orally to mice.
83 citations
TL;DR: Retrograde tracing experiments using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) have been utilized for demonstrating the origin of efferent projections of the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNv) in the cat.
Abstract: Retrograde tracing experiments using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) have been utilized for demonstrating the origin of efferent projections of the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNv) in the cat. HRP-positive cells identifiable as origins of thalamic projections were found in LGNv after injections of HRP into the lateral central intralaminar nucleus. The labeled cells appeared concentrated in the medial part of the internal division of LGNv, consisting of medium-sized multipolar cells. Contralaterally, fewer labeled cells were present in the corresponding part of LGNv. In the case of injections of HRP into the midbrain (pretectum and superior colliculus), labeled cells in LGNv were distributed almost exclusively in its external division, composed of mainly small cells. Little overlap of the distribution of HRP-positive cells was seen in LGNv between the thalamic and midbrain injection cases.
46 citations
TL;DR: The activity profiles of the solubilized protein kinases from the microsomal and myelin fractions of bovine brain were examined by column chromatography and sucrose density gradient centrifugation and showed a holoenzyme consisting of regulatory and catalytic subunits.
Abstract: — The activity profiles of the solubilized protein kinases from the microsomal and myelin fractions of bovine brain were examined by column chromatography and sucrose density gradient centrifugation The main peak of adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cyclic AMP)-dependent activity with histone as substrate for each membrane enzyme was eluted with about 02 m-NaCl on a DEAE-cellulose column A peak of activity stimulated with cyclic AMP was also eluted with about 01 m-NaCl for the microsomal enzyme A peak with protamine and casein as substrate for the microsomal or myelin enzyme, respectively, was larger than that with histone as substrate for each enzyme The first peak with histone as substrate on a DEAE–cellulose column appeared as two peaks on the Sepharose 6B column The second peak with histone as substrate on DEAE–cellulose column was shown to be a holoenzyme consisting of regulatory and catalytic subunits The holoenzyme and subunits were eluted at similar positions to each other between both membrane enzymes on Sepharose 6B column The holoenzyme sedimented as two peaks of activity on sucrose density gradient centrifugation, both of which were stimulated with cyclic AMP The preincubation of the holoenzyme with cyclic AMP resulted in shifting to a position of a smaller molecular size
The results indicate the occurrence of multiple forms of protein kinases in membrane fractions of brain with respect to substrate specificity and physical property
40 citations
TL;DR: After the long-term exposure to cadmium chloride in drinking water, the Wistar rats developed peripheral polyneuropathy and the main lesion was of myelin degeneration.
Abstract: After the long-term exposure to cadmium chloride in drinking water, the Wistar rats developed peripheral polyneuropathy. The main lesion was of myelin degeneration. Ultrastructural examination of the roots and sciatic nerves revealed segmental demyelination beginning from the node of Ranvier. There was the active autophagocytosis of Schwann cells which contained a number of myelin remnants and dense bodies. There was, on the other hand, the evidence of remyelination with toxic damage, in which the thinner myelin sheaths and abnormal myelinations were observed with increase of Schwann cells containing rich ribosomes. Axoplasmic changes were minimal, but consisted of accumulation of glycogen particles which very often produced glycogenosomes in characteristic appearance with axoplasmal dysfunction.
39 citations
TL;DR: Lesions were severe in the prolonged cases with an acute onset, while they tended to be mild in those with chronic onset, and a given selectivity was found in the localization of lesions of the cerebral cortex.
Abstract: This study consists of 83 autopsy cases including 64 prolonged cases of Minamata disease. Lesions were severe in the prolonged cases with an acute onset, while they tended to be mild in those with chronic onset. Cerebral cortex showed loss of nerve cells in many of the former, with the cortex often being in a loosening or spongy state, while the thinning-out or decrease of neurons not exceeding 30% of all cells was frequent in the latter. Glial reaction was also intense in the former, but relatively weak in the latter; gradual loss of degenerative neurons without glial reaction was not rare. A given selectivity was found in the localization of lesions of the cerebral cortex, but it was not so conspicuous in those with a chronic onset as in those with an acute onset. Secondary changes corresponding to the lesions of the cortex appeared in the medulla. Cerebellar lesions in the chronic onset cases, as compared with those in the acute onset ones, were milder. The selectively localized area was diminished; the nodulus, uvula and lingula of the vermis and the medial surface of the semilunar lobules were the most likely to be damaged. Of the spinal peripheral nerves, damages to the spinal sensory nerve were found, which were more predominant than those to the motor nerve system, and in which was noted prominent regeneration and repair. The deposited mercury found in organs tended to remain in the nervous system and the kidneys during the prolonged course of this disease, and the prolonged accumulation of mercury in the nervous system appeared to have an influence on the pathogenesis of chronic Minamata disease.
39 citations
TL;DR: There were so many unmyelinated and poorlyMyelinated nerve fibers that myelinated fibers scattered irregularly in small numbers or in groups of peculiar features in the intraneural bundle, appearing as fetal anomaly in patients with severe Minamata disease.
Abstract: Biopsy of the sural nerve was performed on three patients with severe Minamata disease of more than 10 years duration. There were so many unmyelinated and poorly myelinated nerve fibers that myelinated fibers scattered irregularly in small numbers or in groups of peculiar features in the intraneural bundle. Abnormaly thin or poorly formed myelin sheaths were noticed. Incomplete myelination and abnormal myelination varied in size and shape appeared as fetal anomaly. Regenerated axons extremely small in size remained singly or in groups following regenerative sprouting. Sometimes, extremely small axons with normal myelination were noticeable, while the axons were lost, leaving myelin sheaths. Axons occasionally contained increased neurofilaments. Schwann cells were not so increased as in adult Minamata disease. Degenerative changes of nerve fibers still proceeded, presumably because the patients lived in the mercury-contaminated district. Myelin degenerations and glycogen deposits in the axoplasm were identified.
32 citations
TL;DR: The present results strongly suggest that already transformed cells or cells very easily transformed by EBV are present in the blood of IM patients.
Abstract: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated nuclear antigen (EBNA)-positive lymphoblastoid cells grew as colonies in soft agar after seeding of leukocytes from the peripheral blood of four patients with infectious mononucleosis serologically determined to be caused by EBV. In individual cases more colonies were obtained from blood specimens during the acute phase of the disease than during the convalescent phase. Incorporation of human umbilical cord serum, which contained neutralizing antibody to EBV, into the agar medium did not reduce the number of colonies developing. Our observations indicate that colony-forming cells were originally present in the blood samples, and that they were not infected and subsequently transformed in vitro. Cells from less than 20% of the EBNA-positive colonies grew to form lymphoblastoid cell lines, which were EBNA-positive and had B lymphocyte surface markers. However, the majority (over 80%) of the EBNA-positive colonies failed to form immortalized cell lines. No colonies were obtained from 91 blood samples from healthy young adults and from five patients with an IM-like disease unrelated to EBV infections. The present results strongly suggest that already transformed cells or cells very easily transformed by EBV are present in the blood of IM patients.
30 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that pheochromocytoma is capable of secreting DBH, and wide variations in the rate of DBH output from these tumors may account for varying capacity of CA biosynthesis in the tumor.
TL;DR: In this paper, the interaction of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) with α-and β-cyclodextrins in aqueous solution was investigated by potentiometric titration, solubility, and carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) techniques.
Abstract: The interaction of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) with α-and β-cyclodextrins in aqueous solution was investigated by potentiometric titration, solubility, and carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) techniques. Changes in titration curve and solubility of PGF2α following the binding to α-and β-cyclodextrins were quantitatively treated to obtain equilibrium constants and thermodynamic parameters. The protolytic dissociation of PGF2α was significantly suppressed by inclusion complexation. 13C NMR chemical shift changes suggested that binding of PGF2α to α-cyclodextrin was somewhat different from that to β-cyclodextrin.
TL;DR: AM from normal rabbits were soon activated markedly by lavage-procured immunoglobulin G, but not by lymphokines, and that capacity was correlated with the intensity of Nitro Blue Tetrazolium reduction by the AM.
Abstract: Pulmonary washings from rabbits were freed of cells and added to the monolayers of homologous alveolar macrophages (AM). At 1 h after incubation with the pulmonary washings, many more cells adhered to glass, spread out, and showed enhanced Nitro Blue Tetrazolium reduction. The maximal effect of the pulmonary washings on AM activation was obtained 12 h after incubation. The AM activated by the pulmonary washings showed a higher capacity to inhibit the growth of intracellular BCG, and that capacity was correlated with the intensity of Nitro Blue Tetrazolium reduction by the AM. Gel filtration of the pulmonary washings through Sepharose 4B yielded five fractions. The factor that activated the AM functions was in fraction 4. When the immunoglobulin G in the fraction was removed by an immunoadsorbent column, AM activity was abolished. The effect of the immunoglobulin G was dose dependent, and minimal responses to 106 cells per ml were obtained at a protein concentration of 20 μg/ml. Lymphokines had no effect on AM activation with respect to the morphological alterations and Nitro Blue Tetrazolium reduction during the 24-h observation time. In summary, AM from normal rabbits were soon activated markedly by lavage-procured immunoglobulin G, but not by lymphokines.
TL;DR: Asymmetric synthesis of β-amino acids and aspartic acid were achieved by the reaction of optically active Schiff bases with reformatsky reagents in the range of 18-28% optical purities.
Abstract: Asymmetric syntheses of β-amino acids and aspartic acid were achieved by the reaction of optically active Schiff bases prepared from aldehydes and optically active amines, R (+)- and S (-)-α-methylbenzylamines, with Reformatsky reagents in the range of 18-28% optical purities When the Schiff bases having R (+)-amino component were used in the reaction, (S)-β-amino acids and (R)-aspartic acid were formed The use of the Schiff bases involving S (-)-amino component gave (R)-β-amino acids and (S)-aspartic acid The reaction of Schiff bases prepared from aldehydes and benzylamine with optically active Reformatsky reagents having l-menthyl ester gave (S)-β-amino acids and (R)-aspartic acid in the range of 2-5% optical purities The steric course were also presumed
TL;DR: The diagnostic value of the venogram was fully proven, particularly for the midline cerebral anomalies, where deep cerebral structures and configuration of the tentorium cerebralli were not well visualized by other neuroradiologic maneuvers.
Abstract: Cerebral venograms of 21 clinical cases of midline anomalies of the brain and of 80 human fetuses between 3 and 8 months old were examined. The diagnostic value of the venogram was fully proven, particularly for the midline cerebral anomalies, where deep cerebral structures and configuration of the tentorium cerebelli were not well visualized by other neuroradiologic maneuvers. Abnormal structures of the deep cerebral veins as well as the dural sinuses in these malformations were proved to retain the venous structures in the early fetal period. The time of formation of these malformations was also inferred from the viewpoint of the venous development. Study of the fetal venous system was found quite useful for embryologic analysis and classification of congenital malformations of the brain.
TL;DR: It is found that phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride acts as an active site directed reagent for γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, and a possible identity of the labeled site with that for 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine, another affinity label for this enzyme, was discussed.
TL;DR: The substrate, ATP, protects the active site of cardiac myosin during a 10-min treatment at 37°C and neutral pH in the absence of divalent cations; under these conditions there is an approximate 20% dissociation of lightchain C1 and 60% loss of light chain C2 with no corresponding decrease inMyosin ATPase activity.
Abstract: The substrate, ATP, protects the active site of cardiac myosin during a 10-min treatment at 37°C and neutral pH in the absence of divalent cations; under these conditions there is an approximate 20% dissociation of light chain C1 and 60% loss of light chain C2 with no corresponding decrease in myosin ATPase activity. Higher temperatures, the absence of divalent cations, increased treatment time, and low protein concentration were conducive to light chain dissociation; loss of light chains did not appear to be influenced by increments of pH from 7.0 to 9.0. On the other hand, a decrease in protein concentration and an increase in both duration of exposure at 37°C and an alkaline pH caused a decrease in myosin ATPase activity. Concomitant with the dissociation of cardiac myosin light chains, particularly light chain C2, there was a corresponding loss in the number of high-affinity calcium binding sites. When the dissociated light chains were recombined with light-chain-deficient myosin, reassociation took place and the number of high-affinity calcium binding sites were regained. Reassociation of light chains with light-chain-deficient myosin did not restore diminished light-chain-deficient myosin ATPase activity. There is a shift in the pH optimum of myosin at 37°C in the absence of divalent cations, where conditions used for light chain dissociation are employed. The presence of calcium prevents light chain dissociation, helps retain myosin ATPase activity at 37°C and prevents a shift in the pH optimum.
TL;DR: In this paper, induced circular dichroism (CD) bands are observed in the corresponding absorption bands of azulene, and it is concluded from the signs of the CD bands that the first (about 455 to 715 nm), third (about 290 to 305 nm) and fifth (at about 238 nm) absorption bands have the transition dipole moments perpendicular to the long axis and the second 305 to 360 nm), fourth (about 240 to 290 nm, and sixth (shorter than 220 nm).
TL;DR: The findings substantiate the existence of a mechanism which inactivates p Piperidine in the living body, since both metabolites lack the potent pharmacological activities as those induced by piperidine.
TL;DR: Positive biopsy examination was particularly helpful with patients showing on inconclusive or benign diagnosis by x-ray and/or endoscopie examinations, and patients found to have positive results by biopsy.
Abstract: Three hundred and sixty-five biopsies under direct vision, using a fibergastroscope, were performed on 339 patients with gastric cancer from 1966 to 1975. Diagnostic accuracy improved with an increased in the number of biopsy specimens and reached 100% when 6 or more biopsy specimens were obtained. Positive specimens were obtained with 48.5% of the biopsied tissue from the center of the lesion (A), 52.2% from the inner margin of the lesion (B1), 19.6% from the outer margin of the lesion (B2), and 1.6% from the area around the lesion (C). The combined result of the biopsies from A and B1 was highly positive in 49 out of 51 cases (96.1%). Diagnostic accuracy of the early cancer reached 96.9%. This was significantly higher than that of advanced cancer (80.3%). False negative biopsies were found in 51 (16.3%) of the 313 patients who were gastrectomized and diagnosed by histological examinations. Twenty-three of the 27 patients, who were diagnosed as benign either by x-ray or endoscopic examination, and 4 of the 5 patients who were diagnosed as benign under both examinations, were found to have positive results by biopsy. Positive biopsy examination was particularly helpful with patients showing on inconclusive or benign diagnosis by x-ray and/or endoscopic examinations.
TL;DR: The pKa and intrinsic partition coefficient (PC0) of seven prostaglandins (PGE1, PGE2, PGA1 and PGA2) were determined from their pH-partition profiles as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The pKa and intrinsic partition coefficient (PC0) of seven prostaglandins (PGE1, PGE2, PGA1, PGA2, PGB1, PGB2, and PGF2a) were determined from their pH-partition profiles Structural changes of the prostaglandins were largely reflected in PC0 values rather than the pKa values Partition of the prostaglandins from aqueous buffer (pH70) to cyclohexane containing various alcohols was markedly enhanced by the addition of aliphatic amines in aqueous phase The influences of temperature and chain length of both alcohol and amine on partition coefficients of the prostaglandins were investigated Furthermore, extraction constants (Ke) for prostaglandin-amine ion pairs and number of alcohol molecules associated with ion pair (n) were determined to gain insight into the mechanism of enhanced extraction process
TL;DR: In this article, the assignment of the absorption spectra of 2-hydroxytropone (2-HT) was reported by measuring the circular dichroism spectra, and it was concluded that the first (270-400 nm) and second (210-270 nm) bands are respectively composed of two electronic transitions having perpendicular and parallel polarizations with respect to the long axis of 2 -HT.
TL;DR: Guanylate cyclase (EC 4.6.2) of synaptic plasma membranes of rat cerebral cortex was stimulated about 6‐fold by several unsaturated fatty acids (arachidonic, linolenic, linoleic, oleic, palmitoleic and myristoleic acid) and Ricinoleic Acid was much less effective.
Abstract: —
Guanylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.2) of synaptic plasma membranes of rat cerebral cortex was stimulated about 6-fold by several unsaturated fatty acids (arachidonic, linolenic, linoleic, oleic, palmitoleic and myristoleic acid). Ricinoleic acid (12-hydroxyoleic acid) was much less effective. Saturated fatty acids (C10 and C14-C20) and the methylester of linoleic acid were ineffective. Stimulation by linoleic acid was influenced by the concentration of enzyme protein. At 480 μg/ml of protein 0.6 mm-linoleic acid produced maximal activation of 6-fold_ Activity stimulated by linoleic acid examined with 1.0 mm-GTP was maximal at pH 7.8-7.9 and with 2 mm-MnCl2, whereas basal activity showed broad optimal pH and Mn2+-concentration dependence. Activation of the enzyme by linoleic acid was only partially reversed by washing. Particulate guanylate cyclase of heart, small intestine, adrenal medulla, liver and lung was also activated by linoleic acid. The extents of activation (1.5-14.7-fold) by linoleic acid and the concentrations (0.2-1.0 mat) required for maximal activation depended on the tissues.
TL;DR: Two Japanese siblings had a syndrome of mental retardation, severe nasal hypoplasia, peripheral dysostosis, and blue eyes, which bears a striking similarity to acrodysostosis but in view of certain novel features its relationship to the disease is uncertain.
Abstract: Two Japanese siblings, a 2-year-old girl and a 7-month-old boy, had a syndrome of mental retardation, severe nasal hyp9plasia, peripheral dysostosis, and blue eyes. The mother showed nasal hyp9plasia of lesser degree and a mild form of peripheral dysostosis. This disorder bears a striking similarity to acrodysostosis, but in view of certain novel features its relationship to the disease is uncertain. The mode of inheritance could be either dominant with variable expressivity or autosomal recessive.
TL;DR: Findings indicate that the isolated large subunit of rat kidney possesses an active site which is masked in the native state of the enzyme.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used a Sephadex G-15 column to record the elution curve of chloride ions added as a background electrolyte with a chloride ion-selective electrode.
TL;DR: A macrophage chemotactic factor (factora) was extracted from DNP-ascaris extract-induced skin lesions (showing a maximal macrophages reaction) in guinea-pigs and then purified by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 and chromatography using DEAE-SephadeX and CM-SepHadex.
Abstract: A macrophage chemotactic factor (factora) was extracted from DNP-ascaris extract-induced skin lesions (showing a maximal macrophage reaction) in guinea-pigs and then purified by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 and chromatography using DEAE-Sephadex and CM-Sephadex. This material was a thermolabile protein (free of nucleic acid) with a molecular weight of about 150,000. It shared common antigenicity with serum IgG, and its chemotactic activity was completely absorbed by anti-IgG and antilight chain antibodies, but not by anti-BSA antibody. In contrast to leucoegresin, this material seemed active for macrophages but not for neutrophils. Less active factorsb andc were thermostable and not absorbed by the antibodies described above. The ratio of chemotactic activity of factorsa,b andc in the skin extracts was roughly 60:25:15.