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Showing papers by "Kumamoto University published in 1981"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a theory is proposed which describes the transfer process of momentum and heat in a two-phase bubble flow in channels, and the eddy diffusivity to express the turbulent structure of the liquid phase is subdivided into the two components, one for the inherent wall turbulence independent of bubble agitation and the other for the additional turbulence caused by bubbles.

489 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Saliva cortisol can be used sufficiently to monitor its unbound free concentrations in serum, and a well-defined diurnal rhythm and greater response to ACTH stimulation were observed in saliva cortisol than in serum total cortisol.

299 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Motoi Kudo1
TL;DR: Following injections of [3H]leucine into the dorsal (DLL) and the ventral (VLL) nucleus of the lateral lemniscus in the cat, the efferent projections were studied with the autoradiographic method and it is suggested that CNv is further divided into dorsal and ventral subdivisions in terms of the terminal zones of afferents.

155 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a two-phase air-water bubble flow is investigated experimentally to confirm the applicability of the theoretical model proposed in Part 1, and the results for bubble flow simulation are presented to clarify the interrelationship of the frictional pressure gradient and the heat transfer coefficient with the void fraction profile.

83 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that salivary F can be measured directly by the solid phase RIA and accurately reflects serum unbound F, which is simple, accurate and useful for assessing adrenocortical function, especially in pediatric subjects and/or outpatients.

80 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results provide evidence that organic Ca2+‐antagonists occupy the binding site for Ca2- in a competitive manner at the surface of the soma membrane of the Helix neurone, while divalent and trivalent cations, in addition to inhibiting ICa in a similar manner to the organic Ca 2+‐anagonists, change the surface charge of the Soma membrane.
Abstract: 1 Effects of organic Ca(2+)-antagonists, verapamil and diltiazem, and cations, Ni(2+), Mn(2+), Co(2+) and La(3+) on Ca(2+) current (I(Ca)) separated from other ionic currents in a Helix neurone were studied. A suction pipette technique which allows internal perfusion of the cell body and voltage clamp was used.2 Verapamil and diltiazem (10(-6)-10(-4) M) increased the threshold, and decreased both the amplitude and rate of rise of the soma Ca(2+)-spike. Both agents inhibited I(Ca) over the entire range of the current-voltage (I-V) relationship dose-dependently, without shifting the threshold of the I-V relationship. Increases in external Ca(2+) overcame the inhibitory action of the agents.3 Divalent cations, Ni(2+), Mn(2+), Co(2+) and the trivalent cation, La(3+) inhibited I(Ca) dose-dependently, but induced shifts of the I-V relationship to more positive voltages. The order of potency of inhibition of I(Ca) among these cations was as follows; Ni(2+) > La(3+) > Mn(2+) > Co(2+).4 Double reciprocal plots for peak I(Ca) versus external Ca(2+) concentrations in the presence or absence of both organic and inorganic Ca(2+)-antagonists intersect at the ordinate. Results indicate that both organic and inorganic Ca(2+)-antagonists compete for Ca(2+) at the common binding site for Ca(2+).5 Internal application of the organic Ca(2+)-antagonists (10(-4) M) inhibited I(Ca) in a time-dependent manner to about 40-60% of the control. Ni(2+), when applied internally, also depressed I(Ca).6 The results provide evidence that organic Ca(2+)-antagonists occupy the binding site for Ca(2+) in a competitive manner at the surface of the soma membrane of the Helix neurone, while divalent and trivalent cations, in addition to inhibiting I(Ca) in a similar manner to the organic Ca(2+)-antagonists, change the surface charge of the soma membrane.

74 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Plasma lipids and 6 plasma apolipoproteins were studied in 23 patients with nephrotic syndrome and changes of apoC-II, apOC-III and the ratio of aposA-I and apoA-II appear to have no effect on the development of hyperlipidemia in the nephrotsic syndrome.

62 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Methyl mercury glutathione (MMGSH) was converted stepwise into methyl mercury cysteine (MMCys) by the enzymes in the bile as well as γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GTP) and MMCys and the reaction products were determined by ion-exchange chromatographic analysis of methyl mercury.

50 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Two types of Ca2+‐dependent protein kinases were demonstrated and partially purified from the cytosol fraction of rat brain by DEAE‐cellulose, Sephadex G‐200, and calmodulin‐affinity column chromatography, using endogenous proteins and chicken gizzard myosin light chains as substrates.
Abstract: Two types of Ca2+-dependent protein kinases were demonstrated and partially purified from the cytosol fraction of rat brain by DEAE-cellulose, Sephadex G-200, and calmodulin-affinity column chromatography, using endogenous proteins and chicken gizzard myosin light chains as substrates. The molecular weights of the enzymes were 88,000 (peak I) and 120,000 (peak II) on gel filtration. Peak I had no affinity for calmodulin, whereas peak II had a high affinity for it, with a Ka value of 16.7 nM. The Ka values of peaks I and II for Ca2+ were 2.4 and 1.6 microM, respectively.

46 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Haruo Takeda1, Hideo Maeda1, H. Fukushima1, Nobuhisa Nakamura1, Haruo Uzawa1 
TL;DR: A dose-dependent decrease of phospholipase by in vitro insulin addition was observed only in diabetics; glucose had no effect on phospholIPase of control platelets.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A heat-stable factor with properties similar to those of calmodulin was found in the fraction containing Ca 2+ -dependent cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase of Escherichia coli, and it may be concluded thatCalmodulin or a cal modulin-like protein occurs in prokaryotes.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The parallelism of these activities would suggest the possibility that the immunopotentiating effect of the MDP and its analogs is related at least partially to their activity to stimulate macrophages to produce T-cell activating monokines.

DOI
01 Sep 1981
TL;DR: In this article, a coherency index, which is introduced by using frequency response of the simplified and linearised power-system model, is proposed for evaluating coherent generators, and the efficiency of the method is investigated under various system disturbances.
Abstract: The paper presents a new method for identifying coherent generators under various power-system disturbances. A coherency index, which is introduced by using frequency response of the simplified and linearised power-system model, is proposed for evaluating coherent generators. The method is applied to a power system constructed with ten machines and 39 busbars, and the efficiency of the method is investigated under various system disturbances. The results prove that the proposed method is highly effective in the identification of coherent generators under various system disturbances. Moreover, it is also recognised the case in which various regulator actions and flux that the proposed method may be easily applied to decays may be taken into account

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results indicate that the syntheses of proteins independent of germinal vesicle taking place at 9–11 hr PHT enable the oocytes to undergo cortical responses.
Abstract: The full-grown oocytes of the toad Bufo bufo japonicus, whether in follicular layer or not, had a membrane potential of about -50 mV in De Boer's solution (DB), but underwent a deep hyper-polarization of up to -90 mV when pretreated with Ca, Mg-free EDTA-solution. Regardless of the magnitude of their resting potentials, the defolliculated oocytes exposed to progesterone underwent a gradual depolarization before the germinal vesicle breakdown and retained membrane potential at a level of -10 mV until 18 hr post hormone treatment (PHT), the stage of the second meiotic metaphase. A positive-going activation potential of a magnitude of 70 mV was recorded in the oocytes when pricked at 18 hr PHT as well as in uterine eggs 3–5 min after insemination. A low magnitude of activation potential in response to pricking was recorded in 63% of the oocytes at 13 hr PHT, and premature oocytes exhibiting the activation potential always underwent cortical granule breakdown (CGBD) and perivitelline space formation. Oocytes where the germinal vesicle had been removed before the hormone treatment exhibited an activation potential and underwent CGBD in response to pricking at 18 hr PHT, whereas those pulse-treated with cycloheximide (10 μg/ml) during the 8–11 hr PHT exhibited neither of these cortical responses. These results indicate that the syntheses of proteins independent of germinal vesicle taking place at 9–11 hr PHT enable the oocytes to undergo cortical responses.

Journal ArticleDOI
Norio Akaike1
11 Sep 1981-Science
TL;DR: In this paper, the central nervous system regulates active sodium and potassium transport in rat skeletal muscle during hypokalemia by the apparent release of catecholamines onto musc...
Abstract: The central nervous system regulates active sodium and potassium transport in rat skeletal muscle during hypokalemia. This regulation is achieved by the apparent release of catecholamines onto musc...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Data suggested that a mercapturic acid in the plasma was preferentially taken up by renal tubule cells from the basolateral side of plasma membranes via the probenecid-sensitive transtubular transport system and then excreted rapidly into the lumenal space.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is interesting that the ratio of unmyelinated to myelinated fibers decreases with age, and this tendency may be related to development of myelination.
Abstract: Measurements have been made of the diameters of both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers in the sural nerves obtained at autopsy from 10 children without neurological disorders. The distributions of the myelinated fiber diameters were unimodal, except for two cases in which showed bimodal patterns as seen in adults. The second peak in bimodal histograms may appear around age 2 years. The densities of both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers were calculated in the same nerves. The fascicular areas of the same nerves were also measured. The densities of both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers, and the estimated numbers of both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers showed a tendency toward decrease, but the fascicular areas did a tendency to increase with aging. Although a definite proposal regarding the correlation cannot be made at present, it is interesting that the ratio of unmyelinated to myelinated fibers decreases with age. This tendency may be related to development of myelination.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggest that the central and peripheral warm-receptors responsible for thermoregulation in the neonate rat are functionally mature at least inasmuch as they form a part of thermoreGulatory system involved in lowering body temperature and can be desensitized by capsaicin.
Abstract: 1. Subcutaneous or intrahypothalamic injections of capsaicin produce hypothermia in the neonate rat. Repeated injections with increasing doses of capsaicin result in unresponsiveness to this drug (capsaicin-desensitization). 2. Young rats aged 8-10 days which had received serial injections of capsaicin solution (a cumulative dose of 4.63 mg per animal) or of the solvent alone were subsequently tested as adults for their ability to thermoregulate. 3. On exposure to an ambient temperature of 41 degrees C, adult rats which had been capsaicin-desensitized as neonates were unable to thermoregulate against overheating by means of autonomic responses whereas control littermates could maintain normal rectal temperature. However, autonomic thermoregulation against cold was unimpaired in the desensitized rats. 4. Skin-cooling operant behavior in heat stress was impaired in adult rats which had been capsaicin-desensitized as neonates whereas their skin-heated behavior was not different from that of control littermates. 5. These results suggest that the central and peripheral warm-receptors responsible for thermoregulation in the neonate rat are functionally mature at least inasmuch as they form a part of thermoregulatory system involved in lowering body temperature and can be desensitized by capsaicin. Moreover, such receptors, once desensitized 8-10 days after birth, apparently do not regain their function and are not regenerated or replaced during subsequent maturation of the animal.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Teleocidin enhanced both EA and VCA synthesis in P3HR‐I cells additively with n‐butyrate, but not with TPA, which suggests that teleocid in and TPA have a common mechanism of action, although their chemical structures are different.
Abstract: The effect of teleocidin, a new, naturally occurring tumor promoter on induction of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), was compared with that of a known tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Early antigen (EA) and/or capsid antigen (VCA) of EBV was induced in the EBV genome-carrying cell lines C-6 and P3HR-I cells by teleocidin, its effect being maximal at a concentration of 12.5 ng/ml. The production of infectious EBV from P3-HR-I cells was enhanced by teleocidin maximally at a concentration of 0.5 to 2.5 ng/ml. The outgrowth of EBV-transformed cells from peripheral lymphocytes of seropositive healthy donors was also enhanced by teleocidin at a concentration of 0.02 to 0.5 ng/ml. TPA tested simultaneously in all experiments exhibited the same activities as teleocidin, and was effective at similar concentrations. Teleocidin enhanced both EA and VCA synthesis in P3HR-I cells additively with n-butyrate, but not with TPA. This suggests that teleocidin and TPA have a common mechanism of action, although their chemical structures are different.

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: Its demonstration in embryonic rat liver cells suggests that this adhesive factor might be one of carcinoembryonic proteins; the factor is also associated with the embryonic cell adhesiveness (characterized by development of junctional complexes).
Abstract: Publisher Summary The cell surface-associated adhesive factor from tumor cells may play a key role in tumor cell adhesiveness. The factor can be synthesized by well-differentiated tumor cells (characterized by development of junctional complexes) but not by undifferentiated tumor cells. This finding suggests that this adhesive factor may represent an expression of tumor cell differentiation. The emphasis is placed on the hepatoma cells of rat. Its demonstration in embryonic rat liver cells suggests that this adhesive factor might be one of carcinoembryonic proteins; the factor is also associated with the embryonic cell adhesiveness (characterized by development of junctional complexes). The adhesive factor, when characterized, may provide an important model system in the study of the phenomenon associated with gene expression. Any adhesive substance associated with adhesiveness in adult rat liver cells can be separated from the cells, because the cell-to-cell contact is also characterized by development of junctional complexes.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, sixteen kinds of flavonoids including five anthocyanins, two flavones and nine flavone glycosides were found in mature dark-red leaves and seeds of Perilla frutescens var. crispa.
Abstract: Sixteen kinds of flavonoids including five anthocyanins, two flavones and nine flavone glycosides were found to be present in mature dark-red leaves and seeds of Perilla frutescens var. crispa. In seeds, apigenin and luteolin were present in a ratio of about 1:1. Both flavones and nine flavone glycosides were found in the leaves. In addition, the leaves contained five kinds of anthocyanins including cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside and its esters with cinnamic acid derivatives. Among these flavonoids, the 3-p-coumarylglucoside-5-glucoside of cyanidin (shisonin) and the 7-caffeylglucosides of apigenin and luteolin were the major component in the leaves.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results indicate that DA exerts a self-blocking action on inhibitory dopaminergic receptors which are possibly located on the nerve ending, and that DA, also acting directly on the glomus cell, would produce the chemoreceptor excitation.
Abstract: Chemoreceptor discharges were recorded from the carotid sinus nerve of the cat in vivo, and their frequency was used as an index of receptor activity. The effects of dopamine on chemoreceptor activity were analyzed in normal and ischemic carotid bodies. Intra-arterial injections of dopamine (DA) induced various patterns of chemoreceptor responses; simple inhibition, inhibition followed by excitation, and simple excitation, depending upon doses and the time interval between two injections. After a large dose of DA, a previous inhibitory response to DA was converted into an excitatory one. Pretreatment of the animal with reserpine (0.1 mg/kg, i.v.) or 5-hydroxydopamine (5 mg/kg, i.v.) also converted the inhibitory response to DA into the excitatory one. After haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg, i.v.), the inhibitory response to DA was completely blocked, and DA induced a dose-dependent increase in chemoreceptor discharges. After 1-hr ischemia of the carotid body, DA induced only the inhibitory response, which was blocked by haloperidol, but did not produce any excitatory responses. Results indicate that DA exerts a self-blocking action on inhibitory dopaminergic receptors which are possibly located on the nerve ending, and that DA, also acting directly on the glomus cell, would produce the chemoreceptor excitation.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Aug 1981-Talanta
TL;DR: The sorption behaviour of several metal ions on five kinds of poly(4- or 2-vinylpyridine) resins, cross-linked with divinylbenzene, and with different surface properties, are examined, showing high affinity for copper and nickel ions in acetate buffer.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Findings indicated that, as in the case of the cleavage of gamma-glutamyl linkage of glutathione and related compounds, hydrolysis of the S-substituted cysteinylglycine occurred exclusively on the lumenal surface of renal brush border membrane as catalyzed mainly by aminopeptidase M.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the deceleration effects of CyDs on the hydrolysis of prostacyclin and its methyl ester (PGI2Me) in aqueous solution were significantly retarded by α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrins.
Abstract: The rates of hydrolysis of prostacyclin (PGI2) and its methyl ester (PGI2Me) in aqueous solution were significantly retarded by α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrins (α-, β-, and γ-CyDs), and showed characteristic saturation kinetics and competitive inhibition. The deceleration effects of CyDs on the hydrolysis of PGI2Me were about 3 times larger than those on the hydrolysis of PGI2. The importance of the spatial relationship between the host and guest molecules was reflected in the kinetically determined stability constant (Kc) for these inclusion complexations. To elucidate the deceleration mechanism of the CyDs, the effects of pH, solvent and temperature on the hydrolysis rate were studied. The protolytic dissociation of the terminal carboxylic acid moiety of PGI2 was suppressed by the binding to CyDs, depending upon the magnitude of the Kc value. Thermodynamic activation parameters suggested that the deceleration mechanism of CyDs in the case of PGI2 was somewhat different from that for PGI2Me, which may be due to different modes of inclusion.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Intracapsular irradiation with 198-Au was found to have satisfactory effects in the treatment of cystic craniopharyngioma, especially in recurrent cases of initially solid tumors, with respect to the preservation of the endocrine functions and the daily activity of the patients.
Abstract: Sixteen cases out of 27 patients with craniopharyngiomas were arbitrarily subjected to combined treatment of simple surgical evacuation and intracapsular irradiation with 198-Au. Follow-up studies were performed on 15 cases and they ranged from 6 months to 11 years. One patient was omitted from the study because of a short postoperative period. Immediate postoperative morbidity and the endocrine functions at the end of the follow-up study were compared with those of the patients who underwent extensive surgical resection of the tumors. Intracapsular irradiation with 198-Au was found to have satisfactory effects in the treatment of cystic craniopharyngioma, especially in recurrent cases of initially solid tumors, with respect to the preservation of the endocrine functions and the daily activity of the patients. The immediate postoperative hazards in the patients' care were also much less and they were found to be easily manageable. The patients, who had been followed up for over 5 years, maintained an occupational IQ score in the normal range and the patients under school age were all able to continue their school lives. One of the female patients, who had been married after the treatment, could have two children without any specific replacement therapy, and another patient in childhood who had shown physical retardation due to HGH deficiency, showed favorable results with crescormon administration in comparison with cases of extensive resection. Although the dosimetric value of 198-Au should be varied according to the size and thickness of the capsule, it was found that 15 to 30 mCi of 198-Au was the appropriate dosis for treatment.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A simple procedure was developed to determine prolidase activity in dried blood specimens from newborns, and less than 2% of the samples overlapped the heterozygote values.
Abstract: A simple procedure was developed to determine prolidase activity in dried blood specimens. One thousand dried blood specimens from newborns were examined by this new method. Prolidase activities ranged from 140 to 370 nmol per 3 mm disc per hour (233±43, mean ± SD), and less than 2% of the samples overlapped the heterozygote values. This method should be useful in the mass screening for prolidase deficiency.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evidence is provided for a new aspect of the pharmacological action of propranolol on the excitable cell membrane that is dose‐dependent and moderately suppressed by the drug at high concentrations.
Abstract: 1 Calcium current (ICa) and potassium current (IK) in isolated nerve cell bodies of Helix aspersa were independently separated after suppression of Na+ and K+ currents, and Na+ and Ca2+ currents, respectively. The suction pipette method was used. Under voltage clamp conditions, the effects of propranolol on both the ICa and IK were examined. 2 Propranolol inhibits the ICa at relatively low concentrations (10(-6)-10(-5) M). The inhibitory action was dose-dependent. 3 The IK was moderately suppressed by the drug at high concentrations (10(-5)-5 X 10(-1) M). 4 Results provide evidence for a new aspect of the pharmacological action of propranolol on the excitable cell membrane.