Showing papers by "Kuvempu University published in 2006"
TL;DR: It is suggested that submission of PPIs to repositories be made mandatory by scientific journals at the time of manuscript submission as this will minimize annotation errors, promote standardization and help keep the information up to date.
Abstract: Protein-protein interaction (PPI) databases have become a major resource for investigating biological networks and pathways in cells. A number of publicly available repositories for human PPIs are currently available. Each of these databases has their own unique features with a large variation in the type and depth of their annotations. We analyzed the major publicly available primary databases that contain literature curated PPI information for human proteins. This included BIND, DIP, HPRD, IntAct, MINT, MIPS, PDZBase and Reactome databases. The number of binary non-redundant human PPIs ranged from 101 in PDZBase and 346 in MIPS to 11,367 in MINT and 36,617 in HPRD. The number of genes annotated with at least one interactor was 9,427 in HPRD, 4,975 in MINT, 4,614 in IntAct, 3,887 in BIND and <1,000 in the remaining databases. The number of literature citations for the PPIs included in the databases was 43,634 in HPRD, 11,480 in MINT, 10,331 in IntAct, 8,020 in BIND and <2,100 in the remaining databases. Given the importance of PPIs, we suggest that submission of PPIs to repositories be made mandatory by scientific journals at the time of manuscript submission as this will minimize annotation errors, promote standardization and help keep the information up to date. We hope that our analysis will help guide biomedical scientists in selecting the most appropriate database for their needs especially in light of the dramatic differences in their content.
253 citations
TL;DR: Synthesized triazolo thiadiazoles investigated for their antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities showed moderate antimicrobial activity against various tested bacterial and fungal strains.
124 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied 12 physico-chemical parameters at four sites over a distance of 50 km for a period of 2 years (1999-2001) at monthly intervals.
Abstract: River Vrishabhavathy, a tributary of Cauvery River was studied for 12 physico-chemical parameters at four sites over a distance of 50 km for a period of 2 years (1999–2001) at monthly intervals. Water was faintly alkaline, with pH showing negative correlation with temperature. The dissolved oxygen content increased downstream with negative correlation to biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and turbidity. Bicarbonate alkalinity was very low compared with carbonate alkalinity. Carbonate alkalinity, total hardness, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, electrical conductivity, BOD and COD decreased downstream, with an upward trend in the middle reaches due to the introduction of raw sewage. The seasonal and yearly trends are also discussed. The river is a sewer collector undergoing self-purification.
107 citations
TL;DR: The inhibitory effect of cowdung fumes, Captan, leaf powder of Withania somnifera, Hyptis suaveolens, Eucalyptus citriodora, peel powder of Citrus sinensis, Citrus medica and Punica granatum, neem cake and pongamia cake and spore suspension of Trichoderma harzianum and Aspergillus niger on aflatoxin B1 production are investigated.
Abstract: Aims: The inhibitory effect of cowdung fumes, Captan, leaf powder of Withania somnifera, Hyptis suaveolens, Eucalyptus citriodora, peel powder of Citrus sinensis, Citrus medica and Punica granatum, neem cake and pongamia cake and spore suspension of Trichoderma harzianum and Aspergillus niger on aflatoxin B1 production by toxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus isolated from soybean seeds was investigated.
Methods and Results: Soybean seed was treated with different natural products and fungicide captan and was inoculated with toxigenic strain of A. flavus and incubated for different periods. The results showed that all the treatments were effective in controlling aflatoxin B1 production. Captan, neem cake, spore suspension of T. harzianum, A. niger and combination of both reduced the level of aflatoxin B1 to a great extent. Leaf powder of W. somnifera, H. suaveolens, peel powder of C. sinensis, C. medica and pongamia cake also controlled the aflatoxin B1 production.
Conclusions: All the natural product treatments applied were significantly effective in inhibiting aflatoxin B1 production on soybean seeds by A. flavus.
Significance and Impact of the Study: These natural plant products may successfully replace chemical fungicides and provide an alternative method to protect soybean and other agricultural commodities from aflatoxin B1 production by A. flavus.
76 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the influence of alternate wetting and drying on the collapse behavior of compacted residual soil specimens from Bangalore District and found that the cyclic wetting-and drying process increased the degree of expansiveness of the residual soils and reduced their collapse tendency.
Abstract: The climatic zones where residual soils occur are often characterized by alternate wet and dry seasons. Laboratory studies of earlier workers have established that the alternate wetting and drying process affects the swell-shrink potentials, water content, void ratio and particle cementation of expansive soils. The influence of cyclic wetting and drying on the collapse behaviour of residual soils has not been examined. This paper examines the influence of alternate wetting and drying on the collapse behaviour of compacted residual soil specimens from Bangalore District. Results of such a study are useful in anticipating changes in collapse behaviour of compacted residual soil fills. Experimental results indicated that the cyclic wetting and drying process increased the degree of expansiveness of the residual soils and reduced their collapse tendency. Changes in the swell/collapse behaviour of compacted residual soil specimens from wetting drying effects are attributed to reduction in water content, void ratio and possible growth of cementation bonds.
57 citations
TL;DR: A paraoxonase activity should be evaluated in all coronary artery disease patients in the absence of traditional risk factors, including diabetes mellitus, smoking, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertension and other factors.
41 citations
TL;DR: Among the two extracts studied, methanol leaf extract was found to possess significant wound healing activity followed by aqueous extract, which was evidenced by decrease in the period of epithelialization, increase in the rate of wound contraction, skin breaking strength, granulation tissue dry weight, hydroxyproline content and breaking strength ofgranulation tissue.
Abstract: The wound healing efficacy of aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts of Leucas hirta was evaluated in excision, incision and dead space wound models. The parameters studied include rate of wound contraction, period of complete epithelialization, tensile strength of incision wound and granulation tissue, granulation tissue dry weight, hydroxyproline content and histological studies of granulation tissue. Among the two extracts studied, methanol leaf extract was found to possess significant wound healing activity followed by aqueous extract, which was evidenced by decrease in the period of epithelialization, increase in the rate of wound contraction, skin breaking strength, granulation tissue dry weight, hydroxyproline content and breaking strength of granulation tissue. Histopathological study of the granulation tissue evidenced increased collagenation when compared to control group of animals.
38 citations
TL;DR: The antifertility activity of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol, and distilled water extracts of the fruits of the plant Balanites Roxburghii was found to be dose dependent and reversible on withdrawal of the treatment.
Abstract: Petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol, and distilled water extracts of the fruits of the plant Balanites Roxburghii (Balanitaceae) were tested for antifertility activity in female albino rats at a dose of 300 and 600 mg/kg body weight orally. Among these, the ethanol extract was found to be most effective in causing significant abortifacient activity. The antifertility activity was found to be dose dependent and reversible on withdrawal of the treatment. Phytochemical screening of the ethanol extract showed positive tests for the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, flavones, and phenolic compounds. The histological studies of the uterus and ovary were carried out to confirm the estrogenic activity. Acute toxicity studies of the crude extracts in mice revealed the non-toxic nature of the crude extracts.
35 citations
TL;DR: A wax-impregnated carbon paste electrode with mercury oxalate as the bulk modifier is found to be suitable for the determination of heavy metal ions by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry.
Abstract: A wax-impregnated carbon paste electrode with mercury oxalate as the bulk modifier is found to be suitable for the determination of heavy metal ions by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. The contents of binder and modifier have been optimized, until they showed low background current and easy renewability. The bulk-modified electrode is applied for the simultaneous determination of Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu in medicinal plants and Ayurvedic tablets (Liv 52). The results obtained have been validated with HMDE and AAS and are found to be comparable.
33 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the mixture of chitosan (CHI)/hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) blend in buffer solution (0.1M acetic acid + 0.2M sodium acetate) was carried out by viscosity, ultrasonic velocity, density, and refractive index methods at 30, 40, and 50°C, respectively.
Abstract: The miscibility studies of chitosan (CHI)/hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) blend in buffer solution (0.1M acetic acid + 0.2M sodium acetate) were carried out by viscosity, ultrasonic velocity, density, and refractive index methods at 30, 40, and 50°C, respectively. Using viscosity data, the interaction parameter μ and α were computed. These values revealed that the blend is miscible when the CHI content is more than 50% in the blend. The obtained results were further confirmed by ultrasonic velocity, density, and refractive index study. And also the result revealed that the change in temperature has no significant effect on the miscibility of CHI/HPMC polymer blends. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 2738–2742, 2006
29 citations
TL;DR: A series of novel substituted thiopyrano[2,3-b]quinolines 4a-e, 5a-, 6a-, and 6e were prepared from substituted 3-formyl-2-mercapto quinolines 2a-,e, on reaction with ethyl acetoacetate, diethyl malonate, and ethyl cyanoacetate 3a-c by microwave irradiation in the presence of piperidine.
Abstract: A series of novel substituted thiopyrano[2,3-b]quinolines 4a–e , 5a–e , and 6a–e were prepared from substituted 3-formyl-2-mercapto quinolines 2a–e , on reaction with ethyl acetoacetate, diethyl malonate, and ethyl cyanoacetate 3a–c by microwave irradiation in the presence of piperidine. Synthesized compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial activities. Among the compounds tested, 7-chloro-2-oxo-2H-thiopyrano[2,3-b]quinoline-3-carbonitrile 6d and 7-nitro-2-oxo-2H-thiopyrano[2,3-b]quinoline-3-carbonitrile 6e were highly active against S. aureus and M. roseus.
TL;DR: In this paper, the structure of all the compounds were elucidated on the basis of elemental analysis, IR, 1 H NMR, and the mass spectral data, and some derivatives of 9-methyl quinoline have been screened for antimicrobial activities.
Abstract: 2-chloro-4-methyl quinoline 2 on condensation with semicarbazide hydrochloride gave its semicarbazone. This on reaction with SeO 2 and SOCl2 yielded a new class of novel selenadiazoles 4 and thiadiazoles 5, respectively. The structure of all the compounds were elucidated on the basis of elemental analysis, IR, 1 H NMR, and the mass spectral data. Some derivatives of 9-methyl[1, 2, 3]selenadiazole[4, 5-b] quinoline and 9-methyl[1, 2, 3]thiadiazole [4, 5-b]quinoline have been screened for antimicrobial activities.
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple one-pot reaction of chalcones 1a-f with 1-amino-2-mercapto-5-phenyl-1,3,4-triazole and ophenylenediamine in the presence of a catalytic amount of sodium acetate under microwave irradiation gave 2-(3,8-diphenyl-7, 8-dihydro[1, 2,4]triazolo[3, 4]-thiadiazepin-6-yl)phenoles 3a
Abstract: A novel and efficient method for the synthesis of substituted thiazepines and diazepines has been developed. A simple one-pot reaction of chalcones 1a–f with 1-amino-2-mercapto-5-phenyl-1,3,4-triazole and o-phenylenediamine in the presence of a catalytic amount of sodium acetate under microwave irradiation gave 2-(3,8-diphenyl-7,8-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazepin-6-yl)phenoles 2a–f and 2-(2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepin-4-yl)phenoles 3a–f, respectively. The structure of all the synthesized compounds was elucidated on the basis of elemental analysis, IR, 1H and 13C NMR, and mass spectral data.
TL;DR: In this article, a simple one-pot reaction of 3-formyl-2-mercaptoquinolines with sodium sulfide and hydrochloric acid in ethanol was proposed.
Abstract: A convenient, efficient, and inexpensive procedure for the synthesis of 3-formyl-2-mercaptoquinolines 2a–l has been developed by a simple one-pot reaction of 3-formyl-2-chloroquinolines 1a–l with sodium sulfide and hydrochloric acid in ethanol. The structures of all the synthesized compounds were elucidated on the basis of elemental analyses and IR, 1 H NMR, and mass spectral data.
TL;DR: In this paper, an attempt has been made to examine the components and sources of investment performance in order to attribute it to specific activities of Indian fund managers and identify a part of observed return which is due to the ability to pick up the best securities at given level of risk.
Abstract: In this paper, an attempt has been made to examine the components and sources of investment performance in order to attribute it to specific activities of Indian fund managers. It also attempts to identify a part of observed return which is due to the ability to pick up the best securities at given level of risk. For this purpose, Fama's methodology is adopted here. The study covers the period between April 1999 and March 2003 and evaluates the performance of mutual funds based on 113 selected schemes having exposure more than 90% of corpus to equity stocks of 25 fund houses. The empirical results reported here reveal the fact that the mutual funds were not able to compensate the investors for the additional risk that they have taken by investing in the mutual funds. The study concludes that the influence of market factor was more severe during negative performance of the funds while the impact selectivity skills of fund managers was more than the other factors on the fund performance in times of generating positive return by the funds. It can also be observed from the study that selectivity, expected market risk and market return factors have shown closer correlation with the fund return.
TL;DR: In this paper, 2-Acetylnaphtho[2,1-b ]furan was obtained from 2-hydroxy-1-naphthyldehyde and was converted into 2-bromoacetyl naphthoe[2.1]-furan, which served as an intermediate for the synthesis of title compounds and was evaluated for antiinflammatory and diuretic activities.
Abstract: 2-Acetylnaphtho[2,1- b ]furan (1), obtained from 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde was converted into 2-bromoacetylnaphtho[2,1- b ]furan (2), which served as an intermediate for the synthesis of title compounds. The compound (2) was treated with thiourea to get 2-(2-aminothiozol-4-yl)naphtho[2,1- b ]furan (3), which produced 2-(2-arylideneaminothiozol-4-yl)naphtho[2,1- b ]furans (4a-i) on reacting with various aromatic aldehydes. Schiff bases (4a-i) yielded 2-[2-(2-aryl-4-thiazolidinone)thiazol-4-yl]naphtho[2,1- b ]furans (5a-i) on treating with thioglycolic acid. Compound (2) was reacted with different aromatic amines to obtain 2-(N-aryl-2-amino)acetylnaphtho[2,1- b ]furans (6a-k). Similarly reaction with substituted thiourea furnished 2-(2-N-arylaminothiazol-4-yl)naphtho[2,1- b ]furans (7a-k). All the newly synthesized compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis and spectral data, which have been screened for antimicrobial and anthelmintic activities. The selected compounds have been evaluated for antiinflammatory and diuretic activities.
TL;DR: A series of thieno[2,3-b]quinoline-2-carboxylic acids and alkyl esters were synthesized by the condensation of 2-chloro-3-formyl quinolines (1a,c) with thioglycolic acid/alkyl esters under microwave irradiation using anhydrous potassium carbonate.
TL;DR: Mutation of the spores of Pleurotus sajor-caju yielded an extremely low-sporing mutant after 75 min exposure, and the character has been found to be stable for more than 10 generations of subculturing.
Abstract: The sporophores of Pleurotus are gymnocarpous and continuously release spores in the atmosphere causing respiratory allergies like hay fever and farmer’s lung disease among workers. The allergy is caused by the antigens present on the walls of the spores. Apart from this, during commercial production, these spores settle on the fruit bodies, germinate and form a velvety film which gives an unpleasant appearance to the mushrooms. The spores emitted may include new genotypes likely to attack wood or trees. Spore allergy is one of the most important limiting factors for the large scale cultivation of this species. Different approaches are being adopted at IIHR for the production of commercial sporeless/low-sporing strains of Pleurotus to alleviate the spore allergy problem. Attempts were made during the present investigation to produce sporeless or low-sporing mutants through u.v. mutation. Mutation of the mycelium did not yield the desired results. Mutation of the spores of Pleurotus sajor-caju yielded an extremely low-sporing mutant after 75 min exposure. The character has been found to be stable for more than 10 generations of subculturing.
TL;DR: Hydxyapatite formation was observed on the surfaces of nanocomposites, indicating that prepared composites are bioactive and provides an analytical method for the assessment of titanium dioxide nanoparticles filled poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) polymer nanocomPOSites for biomedical applications.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The effectiveness of the proposed symbolic LDA method for face representation and recognition is shown in terms of comparative performance against popular classical factor analysis methods such as eigenface method and Linear Discriminant Analysis method.
Abstract: Techniques that can introduce low dimensional feature representation with enhanced discriminatory power are important in face recognition systems. This paper presents one of the symbolic factor analysis method i.e., symbolic Linear Discriminant Analysis (symbolic LDA) method for face representation and recognition. Classical factor analysis methods extract features, which are single valued in nature to represent face images. These single valued variables may not be able to capture variation of each feature in all the images of same subject; this leads to loss of information. The symbolic Linear Discriminant Analysis Algorithm extracts most discriminating interval type features; they optimally discriminate among the classes represented in the training set. The proposed method has been successfully tested for face recognition using two databases, ORL and Yale Face database. The effectiveness of the proposed method is shown in terms of comparative performance against popular classical factor analysis methods such as eigenface method and Linear Discriminant Analysis method. Experimental results show that symbolic LDA outperforms the classical factor analysis methods.
27 Nov 2006
TL;DR: The history and developments in Open Archives Initiatives including open access journals, e-print archives and Institutional repositories are traced, including NAL's Institutional Repository using OSS GNU Eprints and more.
Abstract: This paper traces the history and developments in Open Archives Initiatives including open access journals, e-print archives and Institutional repositories The setting up of NAL's Institutional Repository using OSS GNU Eprints, document types with statistical analysis, country wise statistics of full text download, levels of accessibility and technologies used in building the Institutional Repository have been discussed at length
TL;DR: In this article, measurements of viscosity, ultrasonic velocity, refractive index, and density of chitosan (CS)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) blends in buffer solution (0.1 M acetic acid+0.2 M sodium acetate) were carried out for different blend compositions at 30, 40, and 50°C.
Abstract: Measurements of viscosity, ultrasonic velocity, refractive index, and density of chitosan (CS)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) blends in buffer solution (0.1 M acetic acid+0.2 M sodium acetate) were carried out for different blend compositions at 30, 40, and 50°C. Using the viscosity data, interaction parameters μ and α were computed to determine miscibility. These values revealed that the blend was miscible when the chitosan content was more than 60% of the blend. The results were further confirmed by ultrasonic velocity, density, and refractive index measurements. Further, the results revealed that the change in temperature has no significant effect on the miscibility of CS/PEG polymer blends.
TL;DR: In this article, the structures of newly synthesized compounds have been established by elemental analysis and spectral studies, and they have been screened for antimicrobial, diuretic, and anti-inflammatory activities.
Abstract: 2-Hydroxy-1-naphthonitrile (1) on treatment with different α-haloketones affords corresponding 2-acyl-3-aminonaphtho[2,1- b ]furans (2a-2d). The compounds 2a-2d on reacting with ammonium thiocyanate and benzoyl chloride produce N-acyl-N1-(2-acylnaphtho[2,1- b ] furan)thiourea (3a-3d), which on further refluxing with sodium hydroxide yield 2-mercapto-4-acylnaphtho[2,1- b ]furo[3,2-d]pyrimidines (4a-4d). These on stirring with chloroacetic acid give S-(4-acylnaphtho[2,1- b ]furo[3,2-d]pyrimidine)-mercaptoacetic acid (5a-5d). The structures of newly synthesized compounds have been established by elemental analysis and spectral studies. In addition, they have been screened for antimicrobial, diuretic, and antiinflammatory activities. The compounds 4c, d, 5c and 5d were found to be active against bacteria and fungi. The compounds 4c, 5a, 5c, and 5d showed significant diuretic activity having T/S values of 0.89, 0.68, 0.62, and 0.68, respectively. The compounds 5c and 5d showed considerable antiinflammatory activity having percentage protection value of 55.64 and 63.7.
13 Dec 2006
TL;DR: In this paper, symbolic linear discriminant analysis (symbolic LDA) method was proposed for face representation and recognition, which can introduce low dimensional feature representation with enhanced discriminatory power.
Abstract: Techniques that can introduce low dimensional feature representation with enhanced discriminatory power are important in face recognition systems. This paper presents one of the symbolic factor analysis method i.e., symbolic Linear Discriminant Analysis (symbolic LDA) method for face representation and recognition. Classical factor analysis methods extract features, which are single valued in nature to represent face images. These single valued variables may not be able to capture variation of each feature in all the images of same subject; this leads to loss of information. The symbolic Linear Discriminant Analysis Algorithm extracts most discriminating interval type features; they optimally discriminate among the classes represented in the training set. The proposed method has been successfully tested for face recognition using two databases, ORL and Yale Face database. The effectiveness of the proposed method is shown in terms of comparative performance against popular classical factor analysis methods such as eigenface method and Linear Discriminant Analysis method. Experimental results show that symbolic LDA outperforms the classical factor analysis methods.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: It is predicted that if the present situation of water pollution continues in future, survival of fish population and other aquatic animals will be extremely difficult.
Abstract: Trace metal levels in the body organs of finfish, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peter) and relevant water was studied in Jannapura lake, located five kilometers from Bhadravathi town, Karnataka, India, during 2004-05. Lead, Copper and Cadmium accumulation was higher in muscles than in gills while, Zinc, Nickel and Cobalt accumulation was maximum in gills followed by muscles. The metals present in the highest concentration were in the order of Pb > Cu > Zn > Cd > Ni > Co in the water samples. The higher concentration of various metals in water and Pb, Ni in fish muscle and Ni in gill samples was probably due to the addition of untreated sewage, geological weathering and agricultural runoff from the surrounding areas. On the basis of results obtained, it is predicted that if the present situation of water pollution continues in future, survival of fish population and other aquatic animals will be extremely difficult.
TL;DR: In this paper, the zinc electrodeposition from sulphate bath was carried out in presence of condensation product formed between glycyl-glycine (GGL) and furfural (FFL).
Abstract: Zinc electrodeposition from sulphate bath was carried out in presence of condensation product formed between glycyl-glycine (GGL) and furfural (FFL). The bath constituents were optimized through Hull cell experiments. Operating parameters such as pH, temperature and current density were also optimized. Current efficiency and throwing power were measured. Polarization study revealed shift of potential towards negative direction in the presence of addition agents. Corrosion resistance test revealed good protection of base metal by zinc coating obtained from developed electrolyte. SEM photomicrographs showed fine-grained deposit in the presence of condensation product. IR spectrum of the deposit showed inclusion of condensation product in the deposit during plating. The consumption of brightener in the lab scale was 7 mLL−1 for 1000 amp-h.
TL;DR: The substituted 2-acetyl benzofurans on bromination gave substituted 2-(2-bromoacetyl) benzofuran 2a-f.
Abstract: The substituted 2-acetyl benzofurans on bromination gave substituted 2-(2-bromoacetyl) benzofurans 2a-f. These on reaction with thiourea, urea, thiosemicarbazide and semicarbazide in presence of sodium acetate under microwave irradiation resulted 3a-f, 4a-f, 5a-f and 6a-f respectively. The structures of newly synthesised compounds have been established by elemental analysis, spectral data and screened for antimicrobial, anthelmintic, antiinflammatory and analgesic activities.
TL;DR: It is found that Altavista searched more number of sites while Excite searched least number of websites, and in case of relevancy majority of relevant sites were found in cases of Google, followed by Yahoo, Yahoo, and Altavistas.
Abstract: Paper reports on the evaluation of six search engines viz, Yahoo, Google, Altavista, Lycos, Excite and Hotbot The findings indicate that search results of each of the search engines vary significantly from one another It is found that Altavista searched more number of sites (45,448) while Excite searched least number of sites (283) In case of relevancy of search engines majority of relevant sites were found in case of Google (28%) followed by Yahoo (26%) and Altavista (20%) Further analysis shows that more number of irrelevant sites found in case of Hotbot (616%), Lycos (596%) and Alatavista (548%)
TL;DR: In this article, 2-acetylbenzofuran on treatment with substituted aldehydes under solvent free microwave irradiation affords the corresponding chalcones 2a-e.
Abstract: 2-acetylbenzofuran on treatment with substituted aldehydes under solvent free microwave irradiation affords the corresponding chalcones 2a-e. The compounds 2a-e on reaction with guanidine hydrochloride under microwave irradiation produce 3a-e. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds have been established by elemental analysis and spectral data. The compounds 3a-e have been evaluated for their antimicrobial activity.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this study, field trials were carried out between June and August, 2005 in fruit orchards of Goa with an aim to assess the catching efficiency of methyl eugenol soaked dispensers viz. plywood, soft board and straw board blocks and also to ascertain the species diversity of fruit flies in orchard agro-ecosystems.
Abstract: Tephritid fruit flies (Bactrocera spp) are serious pests of orchard fruits throughout the world (Verghese et al., 2002). Faleiro et al., 2002 reported maximum activity of fruit fly in Goa in the monsoon during the months of June and July. Methyl Eugenol (ME) is the most powerful of all male lures attracting oriental fruit fly, B. dorsalis and several other related species (Kapoor, 1971; Drew, 1974; Drew and Hooper, 1981; Verghese et al., 2002). Male Annihilation Technique (MAT) is reported to control fruit flies (Cunningham, 1989) and has been successfully used to manage the pest in guava and mango (Qureshi et al., 1981; Stonehouse et al., 2002). In this study, field trials were carried out between June and August, 2005 in fruit orchards ofGoa with an aim to assess the catching efficiency of methyl eugenol soaked dispensers viz. plywood, soft board and straw board blocks and also to ascertain the species diversity of fruit flies in orchard agro-ecosystems of Goa [Western India]