Kwansei Gakuin University

About: Kwansei Gakuin University is a education organization based out in Nishinomiya, Japan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Raman spectroscopy & Spectroscopy. The organization has 3728 authors who have published 7031 publications receiving 109432 citations. The organization is also known as: Kansei Gakuin Daigaku.

Present and Future of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering

Abstract: The discovery of the enhancement of Raman scattering by molecules adsorbed on nanostructured metal surfaces is a landmark in the history of spectroscopic and analytical techniques. Significant experimental and theoretical effort has been directed toward understanding the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect and demonstrating its potential in various types of ultrasensitive sensing applications in a wide variety of fields. In the 45 years since its discovery, SERS has blossomed into a rich area of research and technology, but additional efforts are still needed before it can be routinely used analytically and in commercial products. In this Review, prominent authors from around the world joined together to summarize the state of the art in understanding and using SERS and to predict what can be expected in the near future in terms of research, applications, and technological development. This Review is dedicated to SERS pioneer and our coauthor, the late Prof. Richard Van Duyne, whom we lost during the preparation of this article.

Asymmetric paralog evolution between the “cryptic” gene Bmp16 and its well-studied sister genes Bmp2 and Bmp4

Abstract: The vertebrate gene repertoire is characterized by “cryptic” genes whose identification has been hampered by their absence from the genomes of well-studied species. One example is the Bmp16 gene, a paralog of the developmental key genes Bmp2 and -4. We focus on the Bmp2/4/16 group of genes to study the evolutionary dynamics following gen(om)e duplications with special emphasis on the poorly studied Bmp16 gene. We reveal the presence of Bmp16 in chondrichthyans in addition to previously reported teleost fishes and reptiles. Using comprehensive, vertebrate-wide gene sampling, our phylogenetic analysis complemented with synteny analyses suggests that Bmp2, -4 and -16 are remnants of a gene quartet that originated during the two rounds of whole-genome duplication (2R-WGD) early in vertebrate evolution. We confirm that Bmp16 genes were lost independently in at least three lineages (mammals, archelosaurs and amphibians) and report that they have elevated rates of sequence evolution. This finding agrees with their more “flexible” deployment during development; while Bmp16 has limited embryonic expression domains in the cloudy catshark, it is broadly expressed in the green anole lizard. Our study illustrates the dynamics of gene family evolution by integrating insights from sequence diversification, gene repertoire changes, and shuffling of expression domains.

Organic chemistry: a digital fluorescent molecular photoswitch.

Abstract: The signal from a gaudy ring molecule flashes on and off as light flicks it open and shut Fluorescent properties can be useful not only for tracking individual molecules within a microenvironment, but also in molecular-scale opto-electronics Here we use external photostimulation to switch the fluorescence on and off from a single photochromic molecule embedded in a polymer film This digital response is due to photo-isomerization of the molecule, which may eventually find application in erasable optical data-storage elements

Redox-coupled crystal structural changes in bovine heart cytochrome c oxidase.

Abstract: Crystal structures of bovine heart cytochrome c oxidase in the fully oxidized, fully reduced, azide-bound, and carbon monoxide–bound states were determined at 2.30, 2.35, 2.9, and 2.8 angstrom resolution, respectively. An aspartate residue apart from the O2 reduction site exchanges its effective accessibility to the matrix aqueous phase for one to the cytosolic phase concomitantly with a significant decrease in the pK of its carboxyl group, on reduction of the metal sites. The movement indicates the aspartate as the proton pumping site. A tyrosine acidified by a covalently linked imidazole nitrogen is a possible proton donor for the O2 reduction by the enzyme.

Ultrapure Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Molecules: Efficient HOMO–LUMO Separation by the Multiple Resonance Effect

Abstract: Ultrapure blue-fluorescent molecules based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence are developed. Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices employing the new emitters exhibit a deep blue emission at 467 nm with a full-width at half-maximum of 28 nm, CIE coordinates of (0.12, 0.13), and an internal quantum efficiency of ≈100%, which represent record-setting performance for blue OLED devices.