Showing papers by "Kyoto University published in 1971"

Relation between apparent glass transition temperature and liquids temperature for inorganic glasses

Abstract: The ratio of the glass transition temperature T g to the liquidus temperature T l (or T m ) was calculated for a wide variety of inorganic glass forming systems including the elements, oxides and sulfides and technologically important systems such as borates and silicates. It was found that a simple empirical rule T g /T l = 2 3 which was suggested for organic polymers holds suprisingly well for inorganic systems.

The Electrochemical Method in Transport Phenomena

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the method of the diffusion-controlling electrochemical reaction and its applications in the study of transport phenomena. The applications discussed are to mass transfer measurements, to shear stress measurements, and to fluid velocity measurements. In electrode reactions, there exist concentration polarization and chemical polarization in series—that is, the ions move from the bulk of the solution to the surface of the electrode, where the chemical and physical changes occur. In measuring the rates of mass transfer by the use of electrochemical reactions, it is better and more usual to make the chemical polarization negligible because the mass transfer coefficients are most easily obtained from the limiting current when the concentration at the liquid-solid interface can be assumed to be zero. The ions are transferred from the bulk of the solution to the surface of the electrode principally by: (a) migration due to the potential field, (b) diffusion due to the concentration gradient, and (c) convection by the flow.

A Theory of Phonons in Amorphous Solids and Its Implications to Collective Motion in Simple Liquids

Abstract: 331 A theoretical study is made of phonons in amorphous solids using a self-consistent phonon scheme. In treating the structural disorder inherent in the problem, a theory is for­ mulated from the viewpoint of multiple scattering theory and designed to give phonon eigen­ frequencies which are expressed in terms of many-body correlation functions of atoms as well as of interatomic potentials in the solids. For this purpose, a conditional averaging procedure is applied to equations for phonon Green's functions, obtainable using the renormalized har­ monic approximation. A set of hierarchy equations is thereby obtained, for which various decoupling approximations are employed. As an application of the results obtained here, numerical calculations of the eigenfrequencies of longitudinal and transverse phonons in liquid argon are made using the "quasi-crystalline approximation" and the Lennard-Janes model potential. Fairly good agreement with experiment is obtained. A systematic and approximate self-consistent method for treating the hierarchy equations, which may be of some use in studying the general properties of the energy spectra of elementary excitations in disordered systems, is also obtained.

Thermal and Magnetic Properties of Linear Ferro- and Autiferro-Magnetic Substances, MCl2·2NC5H5(M; Co, Cu)

Abstract: The magnetic specific heat of CoCl 2 ·2NC 5 H 5 agreed with the exact solution of the ferromagnetic Ising linear chain with J / k =9.5±0.2 K above 6 K. The broad maximum expected theoretically to appear at 3.9±0.15 K was observed at 4.3±0.2 K. The magnetic susceptibility of this salt showed the rapid increase which is also the characteristic of the ferromagnetic Ising linear chain. About 85% of the total magnetic entropy Rln 2 was left above the Neel point 3.17±0.02 K. The characteristic features of the antiferromagnetic linear chain of the isotropic Heisenberg spins were obtained in the case of CuCl 2 ·2NC 5 H 5 : The magnetic susceptibility quite agreed with the one calculated theoretically for | J |/ k =13.6±0.8 K and g =2.06±0.06. The linear dependence of the specific heat on temperature in the lowest temperature region, which is expected theoretically, was ascertained experimentally for the first time. The absolute experimental values of the magnetic specific heat agreed with the theoretical ones for...

The expression of differentiation by chicken lens epithelium in in vitro cell culture.

Abstract: Dissociated cells of the lens epithelium of newly hatched chickens were cultured in vitro to investigate whether cells actively grown in culture retain their own differentive entiative traits to form lens fibers. After an exponential growth phase of the flattened epithelial cells, a number of “islets” of smaller epithelial cells with polygonal shape appeared. Along the periphery of these islets, the characteristic morphological change which leads to the formation of spherical bodies was observed. Electron microscopic observation showed the differentiation of lens fibers in these spherical bodies comparable to those in the lens in situ. Accumulation of δ-chrystallin was confirmed in such “lentoid” bodies. Outgrowth of the lens epithelial cells was maintained in in vitro culture up to about 50 days with several subculturings. The formation of lentoid bodies occurred in each subculture generation, which started from a homogeneous population of flattened epithelial cells. The present culture conditions permit the maintenance of such a population of cells that have a high growth potential and stably retains their differentiative trait to form lens fiber, even after repeated replication under in vitro conditions.

Sex Pheromone of the Almond Moth and the Indian Meal Moth: cis-9, trans-12-Tetradecadienyl Acetate

Abstract: Female moths of different species but belonging to the same subfamily produce an identical compound as their sex pheromone. The sex pheromone of the almond moth, Cadra cautella (Walker), and the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), has been isolated and identified as cis-9, trans-12-tetradecadienyl acetate.

Supplement to "On the Inverse of Monoidal Transformation"

Abstract: In this note we shall fill a gap in the original proof of the Main Theorem in the previous paper ^4], and sharpen the Theorem by showing that the condition (a) alone is sufficient to derive the conclusion of the theorem. This sharpened theorem enables us to solve a problem posed by K. Kodaira in [2]. The authors are grateful to Professor Mudumbai S. Narasimhan for calling our attention to the gap, to him, to Takahiro Kawai and to other friends for discussion about this. § 1. Vanishing of Cohomology In the proof of theorem 1 in Q4], we made too easy use of Serre's duality theorem. Let V be a connected paracompact complex analytic manifold of dimension n and E a holomorphic vector bundle over V. Let us denote by Cp>q=-Cp'q(V, E) the space of E -valued differential forms of type (p, q) and of class C°°, with the topology as given in Q5]. (Cp>q stands for Ap*9 in [5].) The space K%~pt*~q of £"*-valued currents of type (n—p, n — q) with compact supports is isomorphic to the topological dual of Cp>9, and the transpose of the sequence

Physical and Chemical Properties of Yeast Proteinase C

Abstract: A simple purification method which enables us to obtain homogeneous proteinase C from S. cerevisiae was developed. Physical and chemical properties of the purified enzyme were determined. The extinction coefficient at 280 mμ, , of yeast proteinase C was 14.8, and its isoelectric point was pH 3.60. Partial specific volume, intrinsic viscosity and the sedimentation and diffusion coefficients of homogeneous protein were , 0.71 ml/g, [η], 4.83 × 10−2ml/g, , 4.23 S and , w, 6.1 × 10−7 cm2/sec. From these values, molecular weights, M[·],D, MS,D and M[·],S, of 60,000, 59,000 and 58,000, respectively, were obtained. The sedimentation equilibrium experiment gave a molecular weight, Mequil, of 61,000. Yeast proteinase C contained 11.9% nitrogen and was a glycoprotein with 16.7% carbohydrate: The value of β-function, 2.163×l06 or 2.20×l06 indicates that the molecular shape of yeast proteinase C is a plorate with an axial ratio of 4.0, assuming 35% hydration. Furthermore, yeast proteinase C may be a compact, asymmetr...

Cellular analysis on localization of lens forming potency in the newt iris epithelium

Abstract: The localization of a lens forming potency in the iris epithelium was studied by autoradiographic analysis of the distribution of 3H-thymidine labelled cells to be participated in lens regeneration in newts. DNA synthesis started from the dorsal portion of the iris epithelium around 4 days after lentectomy. 5 days after lentectomy, a large number of labelled cells were mostly found in the dorsal sector, showing strong contrast to the ventral and lateral sectors of iris, which contained a few labelled cells. The labelled index (the number of labelled cells/the number of cells in the definite pigmented area of the iris epithelium) of the dorsal sector attained the highest value, 29.7 ± 2.35, on day 7 after lentectomy, and dropped temporarily. This was followed by the second peak on day 12. The dorso-ventral ratio of the labelled index reached to the highest value, 6.87 ± 0.67, on day 5. This ratio decreased rapidly after the completion of a lens rudiment, and it became about 1. In “chase” experiments by diluting the radio-isotope with excess cold thymidine, it was obviously shown that most of the cells labelled with the radio-isotope and distributed in the dorsal marginal iris 5 days after lentectomy participated in the formation of a lens regenerate during the period of chasing. From these results, the following conclusion was drawn. The iris epithelium consists of at least 2 different cell populations; one is capable of transformation into lens cells and is distributed mostly in the dorsal portion of the iris epithelium, while the other has no potency for transformation and is able to grow to compensate a loss of the dorsal marginal cells which transformed into lens cells during the process of lens regeneration.

Symmetry Breaking of the Chiral U(3)⊗U(3) and the Quark Model

Abstract: Through the recent analyses it has become apparent that strong interactions obey an approximate symmetry, chiral SU(3) Q9SU(3), which is realized by pseudoscalar Goldstone bosons in the symmetry limit. Nonvanishing masses of the actual pseudoscalar mesons are attributed to breaking of the symmetry. The main feature of the symmetry breaking can be well understood by assuming that the symmetry breaking part of the Hamiltonian density belongs to a single (3, 3*) EB (3*, 3) representation of SU(3) @SU(3) .) There still remain, however, some problems concerning r; and X mesons. When we consider the above-mentioned facts from the viewpoint of the quark model, Nambu's argumene) provides a very satisfactory explanation: In the symmetry limit, the quark has a vanishing bare mass, and its physical mass arises as a self-energy accompanied with the appearence of massless pseudoscalar mesons which are the bound-states of the quark-antiquark system. A simple explanation of the symmetry breaking term will be made by introducing a small quark mass. In this approach, however, it may be meaningful to make an investigation of transformation properties, including the chiral phase transformation q-? exp (icpJ..or5/2) q, i.e. extending the basic transformation group to U(3)@U(3). We will call the transformation property under chiral phase transformation, \"chirality\". For example, if a Hamiltonian has interactions of, at most, four-fermion type, SU(3) Q9SU(3) invariance means invariance under U(3) ® U(3). In this case, if we introduce the symmetry breaking term u 0 cu8 which has the same chirality as the quark mass term, we have

Localization of CW-complexes and its applications

Abstract: In the algebraic topology, in particular in the homotopy theory, abelian groups are often treated by being devided into their $p$-primary component” for various primes $p$ . In the homotopy category of l-connected CW-complexes, an isomorphism means a homotopy equivalence, which is of course an equivalence relation. As is well known, a homotopy equivalence is such a map that it induces an isomorphism on the integral homology group. There might be three ways to generalize it in the $mod p$ sense. First one is to define a $p$-equivalence so that it induces an isomorphism on the homology group with $Z_{p}$-coefficient. A $p$-equivalence, however, is not in general an equivalence relation even in the category of l-connected finite CW-complexes. In fact, in [11] is shown an example, for which symmetricity does not hold. To make it an equivalence relation, we have to work in the category of $p$-universal spaces [12]. Next one is to define that $X$ and $Y$ are of same P-type, if there exist a space $Z$ and $p$-equivalences $f:X\\rightarrow Z$ and $g:Y\\rightarrow Z$. Then it is easy to see that a relation being of same $p$-type is an equivalence relation. The last one is to consider a homotopy equivalence for “localized spaces

Virus Specific RNA in Cells transformed by RNA Tumour Viruses

Abstract: Virus specific RNA comprises 5% of the nuclear RNA and 0.5–1.0% of the cytoplasmic RNA of cells transformed by murine sarcoma viruses. Even cryptically transformed cells which possess no detectable virus or viral proteins synthesize detectable amounts of viral RNA.