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Showing papers by "Kyoto University published in 1972"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a nonlinear plane wave solution to this equation is found to correspond to the so-called Stokes wave, and the linear stability of this plane wave is essentially determined by the sign of the product of two coefficients in this equation, yielding Benjamin and Whitham's criterion.
Abstract: Slow modulation of gravity waves on water layer with uniform depth is investigated by using singular perturbation methods. It is found, to the lowest order of perturbation, that the complicated system of equations governing such modulation can be reduced to a simple nonlinear Schrodinger equation. A nonlinear plane wave solution to this equation is found to correspond to the so-called Stokes wave. The linear stability of this plane wave solution is essentially determined by the sign of the product of two coefficients in this equation, yielding Benjamin and Whitham's criterion. The same equation is found to give a weak cnoidal wave derived from the Korteweg-de Vries equation in the shallow-water limit.

510 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Crystalline enzyme obtained by purification and crystallization of protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase from p-hydroxybenzoate-induced cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed the same enzymic activity and physicochemical properties as described.

232 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, optical measurements were performed near the fundamental absorption edge for thin polycrystalline films with the entire region of composition in the GaNInN quasi-binary system.

159 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Various peptides and derivatives of peptide and amino acids were synthesized and tasted, systematically, to elucidate the relationship between bitterness and chemical structures of peptides.
Abstract: Various peptides and derivatives of peptides and amino acids were synthesized and tasted, systematically, to elucidate the relationship between bitterness and chemical structures of peptidesWe have found that: 1 Peptides become more bitter than the original amino acids when their amino and carboxyl groups are blocked and when peptide bond is formed 2 A peptide molecule with a high content of amino acids with hydrophobic side chains will develop bitter taste 3 The amino acids in a peptide chain independently contribute to bitterness regardless of amino acid sequences and configuration

152 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Syunro Utida1
TL;DR: A heriditary element controlling the appearance of the forms was experimentally demonstrated and it was shown that among populations of Callosobruchus maculatus, there are two distinct forms of adult of each sex, one very active in its behaviour and can fly, while the other is of rather dark body colour and cannot fly.

140 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was found that Mg2+ is always more effective than Ca2+ in facilitating cell adhesion to the substrates, and it was assumed that an enhancement of the cellular spreading activity by divalent cations facilitates cellAdhesion to a negatively charged substrate.

140 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the lattice parameters of the α-phase, the metastable α''-phase and the stable β-phase in the Fe-Ga system containing 15∼30% Ga were determined and a phase diagram is proposed according to X-ray and magnetic measurements.
Abstract: The lattice parameters of the α-phase (disordered bcc), the metastable α''-phase (Fe 3 Al type) and the stable β-phase (Cu 3 Au type) in the Fe-Ga system containing 15∼30% Ga were determined and a phase diagram is proposed according to X-ray and magnetic measurements. The magnetic properties of these phases were investigated between 4.2 K and 1100 K. The magnetic moment per Fe atom was found to be 2.05±0.06µ B and 2.39±0.06µ B for the ordered bcc and the ordered fcc Fe 3 Ga respectively. Mossbauer measurements on the α'' and β phases were carried out and the internal fields were estimated to be 274 kOe for the fcc Fe 3 Ga and 230 and 360 kOe for the A and D sites respectively of the bcc Fe 3 Al-type Fe 3 Ga. Large quadrupole interactions were found in the fcc Fe 3 Ga and its spin direction is suggested to be along . Some discussions are given in the last section.

137 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Kunihiro Ueda1, Jun Oka1, Shuh Narumiya, Nobuhiko Miyakawa1, Osamu Hayaishi1 
TL;DR: A kinetic study and product analyses have suggested that the glycohydrolase, rather than phosphodiesterase, plays a principal role in the degradation in situ of poly ADP-ribose.

129 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduced a map, where the mutual distance between C α -atoms of i -th and j -th residue, r i j, is listed against the residue number, in row and column.
Abstract: A protein conformation can be computed by connecting peptide units of usual trans-planar structure successively with a given set of dihedral angles ϕ and ψ. It is, however, not easy to generate the native conformations such as myoglobin and lysozyme by the computation. In order to show the discrepancy between the native conformation and the computed one, we have introduced a map, where the mutual distance between C α -atoms of i -th and j -th residue , r i j , is listed against the residue number, in row and column. This map represents a tertiary structure of the protein (e. g. α-helix, β-structure) as the characteristic patterns. It becomes possible to estimate the difference of the computed conformation from the native one numerically by comparing the corresponding maps. The improvement of the dihedral angles, ϕ and ψ, as made by minimizing the deviation of the computed map from the native one on both myoglobin and lysozyme.

122 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a sufficient condition for asymptotic stability in the large is proposed for nonlinear systems, which is applicable if the system in question can be decomposed into subsystems, if appropriate Lyapunov functions are obtained for the subsystems and if the connections between subsystems have bounded dc gains.
Abstract: A sufficient condition for asymptotic stability in the large is proposed for nonlinear systems. It is applicable if the system in question can be decomposed into subsystems, if appropriate Lyapunov functions are obtained for the subsystems, and if the connections between subsystems have bounded dc gains. It is generally less restrictive than the condition previously presented by Bailey for similar systems. An estimate of transient behavior, together with the stability condition, is also given.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A highly purified preparation of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase from rabbit intestine was found to catalyze the oxygenative ring cleavage of 5-hydroxytryptophan and serotonin, and the products of these enzymic reactions were susceptible to the action of formamidase.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the density region in the neutron-star matter where the P 2 superfluid state exists is determined as p ~ (2"-'8) X 10 14gcm -s.
Abstract: On exactly taking into account the attractive effect of the 3Pz- 3Fz coupling due to the two-nucleon tensor force and the effect of the one-body potential, the density region in the neutron-star matter where the a P 2-superfluid state exists is determined as p ~ (2"-'8) X 10 14gcm -s. The tensor coupling effect is shown to play an indispensable role on the existence of the 3P2-gap in neutron-star matter. The 1So-gap is also investigated, leading to the result that the 1S0-superfluid state exists in the density region p~ (l.Oxl0 11"-'l.5X1014)gcm-s. On the basis of these results, the region p~ (1.5"-'2.0) X1014gcm· 3 is considered to result in the normal state.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Comparison between laminar field potentials in the same cortex produced by thalamic and cerebellar nucleus stimulation suggests that the response in the pericruciate cortex is mediated by the ventral lateral nucleus and that theresponse in the parietal cortex is relayed by the Ventral anterior nucleus of the thalamus.
Abstract: 1. Cerebello-cerebral projections were electrophysiologically investigated in cats under light Nembutal anaesthesia. Marked responses were produced by stimulation of the interpositus and the lateral nucleus of the cerebellum not only in the pericruciate but also in the suprasylvian cortical areas, both areas being contralateral to the cerebellar nuclei stimulated. Medial nucleus stimulation set up little or no response in the cerebral cortex. 2. The previous electrophysiological study on thalamo-cortical (T-C) projections showed two different kinds of responses in the cortex due presumably to two different T-C projection systems, i. e., deep and superficial T-C responses (see Sasaki et al., 1970). According to laminar field potential analysis, the response in the pericruciate area is characterized by a deep T-C response which is often followed by a superficial T-C response, whereas the response in the parietal cortex consists of a pure superficial T-C response. Intracellular potential changes in cortical neurones elicited by cerebellar nucleus stimulation were consistent with the results of laminar field potential analysis. 3. Comparison between laminar field potentials in the same cortex produced by thalamic and cerebellar nucleus stimulation suggests that the response in the pericruciate cortex is mediated by the ventral lateral nucleus and that the response in the parietal cortex is relayed by the ventral anterior nucleus of the thalamus.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results presented indicate that phosphatidic acid synthesis in mammalian liver proceeds through a sequential acylation of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate mediated by two distinct acyltransferases, thus contributing to the asymmetric distribution of fatty acids in glycerolipids.
Abstract: 1 Glycerophosphate acyltransferase was partially purified from rat-liver microsomes which were resolved with a nonionic detergent, Triton X-100, in glycine buffer pH 8.6. The purification procedure involves molecular-sieve chromatography and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. 2 The partially purified enzyme requires Ca2+ for its activity. Divalent cations, such as Mg2+, Mn2+ and Co2+, are able to substitute for Ca2+ with varying degrees of effectiveness. Ca2+ in higher concentrations is inhibitory, but this inhibition is abolished by the addition of small amounts of phospholipids. Moreover, phospholipids stimulate the enzyme activity at all concentrations of Ca2+ tested. The pH optimum of the enzyme is broad, extending over a pH range from 6.6 to 9.0. 3 The apparent Michaelis constant of the partially purified enzyme for sn-glycerol 3-phosphate is 0.2 mM, which approximates the value found with unresolved microsomes (0.5 mM). 4 Among the acyl donors examined, palmityl-CoA is utilized most efficiently by the partially purified enzyme. Unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA thioesters, such as oleyl-CoA, linoleyl-CoA and arachidonyl-CoA, are poor substrates. 5 The partially purified enzyme catalyzes the formation of monoacylglycerol 3-phosphate from sn-glycerol 3-phosphate and palmityl-CoA, esterifying preferentially position 1 of the glycerol moiety. Little phosphatidic acid is produced even in the presence of both palmityl-CoA and linoleyl-CoA. Thus the acyltransferase preparation is free of the enzyme responsible for acylation of 1-acylglycerol 3-phosphate. 6 The results presented indicate that phosphatidic acid synthesis in mammalian liver proceeds through a sequential acylation of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate mediated by two distinct acyltransferases. The data also show that acylation of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate to monoacylglycerol 3-phosphate occurs in a non-random manner, thus contributing to the asymmetric distribution of fatty acids in glycerolipids.

Journal ArticleDOI
Syun'iti Iwao1
TL;DR: The ρ serves as an index of spatial correlation between neighbouring quadrats, and it also provides information on the approximate area occupied by clump, distribution pattern of individuals within clumps, and possibly the distribution patterns of clumps themselves.
Abstract: A method for the analysis of spatial pattern using quadrats of different sizes is developed on the basis of the relationship of mean crowding (\(\mathop m\limits^* \)) to mean density (m). The\(\mathop m\limits^* \)-on-m regression obtained by successive changes in quadrat size in a single population (unit-size relation) shows a characteristic pattern according to the type of distribution. By aid of the ρ-index proposed here, we can distinguish the random, aggregated and uniform distributions of the basic components (individual or group of individuals). The ρ serves as an index of spatial correlation between neighbouring quadrats, and it also provides information on the approximate area occupied by clump (colony), distribution pattern of individuals within clumps, and possibly the distribution pattern of clumps themselves.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The UV photolysis of dodecamethylcyclohexasilane (I) in cyclohexane at ca. 45° proceeds readily will loss of dimethylsilylene species to give two of the lower homologs, viz, decamethylcyclopentasilanes and octamethyl cyclotetrasilane as mentioned in this paper.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a new type of polymer salt was prepared from an equivalent mixture of partly sulfated polyvinyl alcohol (polyanion, Q−) and partly aminoacetalyzed polyvyl alcohol(polycation, P+), and the phase relationships, as represented by complex coacervation, were investigated.
Abstract: A new type of polymer salt was prepared from an equivalent mixture of partly sulfated polyvinyl alcohol (polyanion, Q−) and partly aminoacetalyzed polyvinyl alcohol (polycation, P+). With respect to a three-component system composed of this polymer salt (P+Q−), water, and a microsalt (K+A−), phase relationships, as represented by complex coacervation, were investigated. Experimental results were discussed according to a theoretical equation for the free energy of mixing derived by taking into account the entropy and enthalpy contributions as ascribed for non-ionic polymer solution, and the electrostatic free energy expression as derived by Voorn.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results show that the increase of GDH activity in roots by ammonia treatment seems to depend on de novo protein synthesis.
Abstract: The activity of glutamate dehydrogenase (l-glutamate: NAD oxidoreductase, EC 1.4.1.2.; GDH) of rice plants changes in response to the nitrogen source supplied to the culture solution. The activity of NADH-GDH(aminating) in roots is rapidly increased by the addition of ammonia, whereas the activity in shoots is much less affected by nitrogen supply. The activity increased with increasing concentration of ammonia at least up to 14.3 mM. In roots GDH activity was found in both the mitochondrial and soluble fractions. The increase of NADH-GDH activity caused by the ammonia treatment occurs mainly in the latter fraction. The new band with GDH activity was detected on the zymogram of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and this inducible enzyme is active with both NAD and NADP. On the other hand, the constitutive enzyme activity active with NAD is also increased by the ammonia treatment. The increase of enzyme activity is prevented by the addition of cycloheximide or chloramphenicol to culture medium. The incorporation of 14C-leucine(U) into GDH proteins was also studied using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Higher radioactivity was found in induced samples than in non-induced ones. These results show that the increase of GDH activity in roots by ammonia treatment seems to depend on de novo protein synthesis.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The roots initiated from callus cultures tend to produce the normal pattern of alkaloids, suggesting the operation of self-regulation for alkaloid synthesis as part of the organization.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the exact finite-sample distribution of the limited-information maximum likelihood estimator when the structural equation being estimated contains two endogenous variables and is identifiable in a complete system of linear stochastic equations is derived.
Abstract: This article is concerned with the exact finite-sample distribution of the limited-information maximum likelihood estimator when the structural equation being estimated contains two endogenous variables and is identifiable in a complete system of linear stochastic equations. The density function derived, which is represented as a doubly infinite series of a complicated form, reveals the important fact that for arbitrary values of the parameters in the model, the LIML estimator does not possess moments of order greater than or equal to one


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Synthesis of L-tyrosine from pyruvate, ammonia and phenol is catalyzed by crystalline tyrosine phenol lyase prepared from cells of Escherichia intermedia, resulting in the appearance of a new spectral band near 500 mμ which has been ascribed to the intermediates in many pyridoxal phosphate dependent reactions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Among the nucleotides tested, AMP, ADP, GTP, and IDP gave substantial inhibition dependent on their physiological concentrations; AMP and ADP showed a competitive inhibition with respect to ATP, while GTP a strong uncompetitive inhibition against ATP and a mixed-type inhibition with regard to glutamate.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A systematic method has been presented for quantitatively estimating the respiratory pigments without complete removal of hemoglobin in mitochondria prepared by the procedure commonly applied to rat liver and no statistically significant decline in the phosphorylation rates with increasing age could be demonstrated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Neuroradiologic findings of 27 cases of “multiple progressive intracranial arterial occlusion (Taveras)” are reported, showing deep central vascular network represents extraordinarily developed collateral channels.
Abstract: Neuroradiologic findings of 27 cases of “multiple progressive intracranial arterial occlusion (Taveras)” are reported. The cause of stenotic process remains uncertain, but the disease in all probability is an acquired one and not a congenital dysplasia. Narrowing of the cervical internal carotid artery is secondary to a decreased blood flow. Deep central vascular network represents extraordinarily developed collateral channels.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: P neurones constitute the direct T-C projection system mediating the superficial T- C response to the parietal cortex, and are concluded to constitute the basic type of the so-called recruiting response.
Abstract: 1. The cerebello-thalamo-cerebral projection system mediating the cerebellar-induced “superficial thalamo-cortical (T-C) response” (the basic type of the so-called recruiting response) to the anterior part of the middle suprasylvian gyrus was investigated electrophysiologically. Responses of thalamic neurones to stimulation of the cerebral cortex and the cerebellar nucleus (medial, interpositus and lateral) were recorded by microelectrodes. 2. In the anterior portions of the ventral thalamic nuclear complex, presumably in and/or around the ventral anterior (VA) nucleus, there were found neurones responding antidromically to stimulation of the suprasylvian cortex and orthodromically to that of the interpositus and the lateral nucleus of the cerebellum. They were called P neurones. The neurones responding antidromically to stimulation of the anterior sigmoid cortex and orthodromically to that of the cerebellar nuclei located mostly caudo ventrolateral to the place of P neurones, presumably in and/or around the ventral lateral (VL) nucleus. These were called F neurones. 3. The cerebellar excitation of P neurones was estimated on its latency to be monosynaptic and was usually followed by an inhibition lasting for more than 100 msec. Large unitary EPSPs were sometimes noted in P neurones on cerebellar stimulation as well as spontaneously. It was concluded that P neurones constitute the direct T-C projection system mediating the superficial T-C response (e. g., recruiting response) to the parietal cortex.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Magnetic and Mossbauer effect measurements on the nitrides with hcp metal lattice of V, Cr, Mn and Fe are carried out as a function of composition as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Magnetic and Mossbauer effect measurements on the nitrides with hcp metal lattice of V, Cr, Mn and Fe are carried out as a function of composition. Hexagonal VN x and hexagonal CrM x are Pauli paramagnetic. Hexagonal MnN x shows antiferromagnetism, while both hexagonal and orthorhombic FeN x show ferromagnetism at low temperatures. In these Phases, nitrogen atoms suppress magnetic ordering in consequence of the reduction of magnetic moments. As a whole, the observed types of magnetism of hexagonal nitrides resemble those of their metals in spite of the difference in crystal structures. Type II superconductivity is found in hexagonal VN x although it is not yet conclusive.

Journal ArticleDOI
Makoto Harada1, Mamoru Nomura1, Hideki Kojima1, Wataru Eguchi1, Shinji Nagata1 
TL;DR: In this article, a reaction model is proposed which, from the standpoint of reactor design, can give an adequate explanation of the whole course of an emulsion polymerization of monomer highly insoluble in water.
Abstract: In emulsion polymerization, the Smith and Ewart theory gives about two or three times the number of polymer particles obtained by experiment. In this paper, a reaction model is proposed which, from the standpoint of reactor design, can give an adequate explanation of the whole course of an emulsion polymerization of monomer highly insoluble in water. Among other things, the generating process of polymer particles is examined in detail. It is demonstrated experimentally that a new parameter proposed here, which represents the degree of difficulty of monomer initiation in micelles, is indispensable in explaining that process. Also confirmed is that monomer initiation takes place more easily in polymer particles than in micelles. According to the new model, the progress of polymerization, i.e., monomer conversion, the number of the polymer particles, and properties of polymer thus produced can be estimated with satisfactory accuracy. Furthermore, approximate equations are derived for easier estimation.