Showing papers by "Kyoto University published in 1973"
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that no CP-violating interactions exist in the quartet scheme without introducing any other new fields, and that the strong interaction must be chiral SU ( 4) X SU( 4) invariant as precisely as the conservation of the third component of the iso-spin.
Abstract: In a framework of the renormalizable theory of weak interaction, problems of CP-violation are studied. It is concluded that no realistic models of CP-violation exist in the quartet scheme without introducing any other new fields. Some possible models of CP-violation are also discussed. When we apply the renormalizable theory of weak interaction1l to the hadron system, we have some limitations on the hadron model. It is well known that there exists, in the case of the triplet model, a difficulty of the strangeness chang ing neutral current and that the quartet model is free from this difficulty. Fur thermore, Maki and one of the present authors (T.M.) have shown2l that, in the latter case, the strong interaction must be chiral SU ( 4) X SU ( 4) invariant as precisely as the conservation of the third component of the iso-spin 13 • In addi tion to these arguments, for the theory to be realistic, CP-violating interactions should be incorporated in a gauge invariant way. This requirement will impose further limitations on the hadron model and the CP-violating interaction itself. The purpose of the present paper is to investigate this problem. In the following, it will be shown that in the case of the above-mentioned quartet model, we cannot make a CP-violating interaction without introducing any other new fields when we require the following conditions: a) The mass of the fourth member of the quartet, which we will call (, is sufficiently large, b) the model should be con sistent with our well-established knowledge of the semi-leptonic processes. After that some possible ways of bringing CP-violation into the theory will be discussed. We consider the quartet model with a charge assignment of Q, Q -1, Q -1 and Q for p, n, A. and (, respectively, and we take the same underlying gauge group SUweak (2) X SU(1) and the scalar doublet field cp as those of Weinberg's original model.1l Then, hadronic parts of the Lagrangian can be devided in the following way:
5,389 citations
551 citations
TL;DR: Theories of the biaxial tensile properties of yarns and the shear-deformation properties of plain-weave fabrics are presented in a general form, a simplified stereo-model of the structure of plain weave fabrics being used throughout these theories as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Theories of the biaxial tensile properties, the uniaxial tensile properties, and the shear-deformation properties of plain-weave fabrics are presented in a general form, a simplified stereo-model of the structure of plain-weave fabrics being used throughout these theories. In the first part of this series, the biaxial tensile-deformation theory is presented with the aid of the model, and the forces required to stretch the fabric along the warp and weft directions at the same time are theoretically calculated from the properties of yarns and from the structure of the fabrics. In this biaxial theory, both warp and weft yarns are assumed to be perfectly flexible, and the forces caused by yarn-bending are ignored. The compressibility of the yarn under the action of a lateral compressive force is also introduced into the theory, and it is shown that the compressive properties of yarns have a great influence on the tensile properties of the fabrics.
387 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of spin fluctuations on itinerant electron ferromagnetism was extended to include the ferromagnetic phase and the correction to the Hartree-Fock free energy as a function of magnetization was expressed in terms of the transversal dynamical susceptibilities.
Abstract: The theory of the effect of spin fluctuations on itinerant electron ferromagnetism, which we have developed previously, is extended to include the ferromagnetic phase. The correction to the Hartree-Fock free energy as a function of magnetization is expressed in terms of the transversal dynamical susceptibilities and is actually calculated by using a modified random phase approximation for the dynamical susceptibilities; the random phase approximation is modified so as to give a consistent static limit throughout the whole temperature range covering both below and above the Curie point. As a result, the magnetization at low temperatures shows a T 3/2 dependence due to the spin wave excitations, the Curie temperature is generally lowered from the Stoner (Hartree-Fock) value and the magnetic susceptibility above the Curie temperature shows an approximate Curie-Weiss behavior.
307 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a conservative onedimensional Bessel diffusion process on [0, o0] determined by the local generator is proposed. But it is not a diffusion process with index > 0.O.
Abstract: O. Introduction By a Bessel diffusion process with index ~ (~ > 0), we mean a conservative onedimensional diffusion process on [0, o0) determined by the local generator
197 citations
TL;DR: These studies demonstrate that a gradual transition occurs from characteristic responses seen in mesenteric arteries to those seen in cerebral arteries (high sensitivity to serotonin, low sensitivity to norepinephrine), which appears that sympathetic nerves cannot play an important role in the regulation of vascular tone in large cerebral arteries.
Abstract: Spirally cut strips of cerebral and peripheral arteries from dogs were used for comparing the vasoconstricting effect of serotonin, norepinephrine, K + , and transmural electrical stimulation. Sensitivity of cerebral (basilar, posterior cerebral, and middle cerebral) arterial strips to serotonin was markedly greater than that to norepinephrine with respect to the median effective concentration (ED30) and the maximum response. Contractile responses of isolated human cerebral arteries to serotonin and norepinephrine were similar to those observed in the dog arteries. In contrast, proximal and distal strips from superior mesenteric arteries and strips from renal arteries were more sensitive to norepinephrine than they were to serotonin. Mean values of contractions caused by 5 X 10~ C M serotonin relative to those caused by 30 mM K + in cerebral, internal carotid, external carotid, common carotid, and superior mesenteric arteries were in a descending order, whereas those for norepinephrine were in an ascending order. These studies demonstrate that a gradual transition occurs from characteristic responses seen in mesenteric arteries (high sensitivity to norepinephrine, low sensitivity to serotonin) to those seen in cerebral arteries (high sensitivity to serotonin, low sensitivity to norepinephrine). Transmural stimulation did not produce contractions of cerebral and internal carotid arteries, but contractions were produced in external carotid, common carotid, and superior mesenteric arteries. It appears that sympathetic nerves cannot play an important role in the regulation of vascular tone in large cerebral arteries.
189 citations
TL;DR: It is proposed that a superoxide anion formed by the univalent reduction of oxygen by illuminated chloroplasts is the initiator of sulfite oxidation.
Abstract: Spinach chloroplasts induced aerobic oxidation of sulfite on illumination. The oxidation of sulfite was not found in KCl- and Tris-treated chloroplasts and was inhibited by 3(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-1,1′-dimethylurea, suggesting that the reaction is induced through the electron transport system in chloroplasts. The oxidation rate of sulfite was much higher than the rate of the Hill reaction. In addition, inhibition by several sugars indicates that the oxidation of sulfite proceeds as a chain reaction. Although catalase did not affect the reaction, ferredoxin plus NADP, cytochrome c and superoxide dismutase prevented the oxidation of sulfite. We thus propose that a superoxide anion formed by the univalent reduction of oxygen by illuminated chloroplasts is the initiator of sulfite oxidation.
186 citations
TL;DR: Oral administration of 150 mg of 5-hydroxytryptophan resulted in a rise in plasma human growth hormone (HGH), ACTH and cortisol in most of the subjects tested, but not plasma ACTH or cortisol response to 5-HTP.
Abstract: Oral administration of 150 mg of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) resulted in a rise in plasma human growth hormone (HGH), ACTH and cortisol in most of the subjects tested. Concomitant administration of glucose with 5-HTP significantly blunted plasma HGH response, but not plasma ACTH or cortisol response to 5-HTP.
177 citations
TL;DR: Localization of superoxide dismutase in spinach chloroplasts was demonstrated by differential and sucrose-density centrifugations and a possible function ofsuperoxide dismUTase in chloroplast is discussed.
Abstract: Localization of superoxide dismutase in spinach chloroplasts was demonstrated by differential and sucrose-density centrifugations. About half to two thirds of the enzyme in chloroplasts was released by osmotic shock. In peroxisomes, no superoxide dismutase was detected. Disc electrophoresis of chloroplast and supernatant fractions revealed a single band of superoxide dismutase activity corresponding to the purified enzyme. Superoxide dismutase was purified from spinach leaves and prepared in a crystalline state. s020, w was 2.75 S and the molecular weight was approximately 32000 daltons. The enzyme was composed of two subunits of equal size and contained 2 atoms of copper and 2 atoms of zinc per molecule. In addition, visible and ultraviolet spectra, electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum and amino acid composition were similar to these properties of the enzyme isolated from mammalian tissues, Neurospora, green pea and yeast. A possible function of superoxide dismutase in chloroplasts is discussed.
176 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a series of solutions for space-times which are regarded as representing the gravi- tationaL fields of spinning bound masses is derived from Weyl metrics, following Ernst's formulation on axi-symmetric stationary fields.
Abstract: New series of solutions for space-times which are regarded as representing the gravi tationaL fields of spinning bound masses is derived from a series of Weyl metrics, following Ernst's formulation on axi-symmetric stationary fields. This series of solutions includes the Kerr metric as a member of the simplest one. Except in the case of the Kerr metric, the space-times have ring singularities outside event horizons, that is, there exist naked singu larities. Therefore, these solutions seem to give a very different picture concerning the ulti mate fate of 'gravitational collapse compared with a current picture such as the Israel-Carter conjecture. , The naked ring singularity may become an active energy source of gravitational wave, and yield many interesting phenomena in astrophysics.
169 citations
TL;DR: In particular, the critical condition for obtaining the ferroelastic loop can be experimentally determined by assuming a critical stress, which is termed "ferro-elastic limit", which lies in the region 6 Kg/mm- in the Au-Cd alloy as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Thermoelastic martensitic transformation has been studied by the analysis of stress-strain curves in binary Au-Cd alloys, containing 46·5, 47·5, 48·5, 49, 49·5, and 50 at. % Cd, respectively. The pseudoelastic characteristics, i.e. superelastic and ferroelastic behaviour upon tension compression test and that the origin of the shape memory effect bears a close relation to the ferroelastic loop, have been explained on the basis of the lattice softening, that is. the shear elastic constant, C′ = (C11-C12)/2, decreases toward zero in the vicinity of the transition temperature. In particular the critical condition for obtaining the ferroelastic loop can be experimentally determined by assuming a critical stress, which is termed ‘ferroelastic limit’. The ferroelastic limit may depend upon the elastic anisotropy of alloys and lies in the region 6 Kg/mm- in the Au-Cd alloy.
TL;DR: In this article, the angular distribution of scattered light (or the particle scattering factor) of the stiff chain polymers is calculated by assuming an appropriate Fourier transform of the distribution function of this polymer chain.
Abstract: The angular distribution of scattered light (or the particle scattering factor) of the stiff chain polymers is calculated by assuming an appropriate Fourier transform of the distribution function of this polymer chain. For very small and very large scattering angles the result is respectively reduced to the forms of the Debye's scattering factor for random coil chain and to that for rigid rod molecule. By assuming that the polymer chain expansion by intramolecular forces is uniform, but the contour length is kept as constant the excluded volume effect on the angular distribution is calculated. The result shows that the transition point of scattering curve which gives a boundary between random coil- and rigid rod-scatterings is inversely proportional to the square of molecular expansion coefficient. This is in qualitative agreement with the recent experimental results by Wada and other. An approximate distribution function which gives the correct second and fourth moments of the chain end to end distance i...
TL;DR: The extent of alkyl group isomerization accompanying the nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling of secondary alkyls Grignard reagents with organic halides depends upon the nature of halides as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: The results indicate the importance of the presence in the marrow of even one normal metaphase in the prognosis of AML and a possible correlation of AA-patients with acute erythroleukemia.
TL;DR: It was found that the photosynthetic bacterial cells served not only as a source of food but also they increased survival in fish, increased egg production in hens and improved the quality and quantity of citrus fruit when applied as an organic fertilizer.
TL;DR: In this paper, electron diffraction has been used to confirm V n O 2 n −1 (n = 3-9) phases between V 2 O 3 and VO 2, and metal-insulator phase transitions have been found in all phases but V 3 O 5 and V 7 O 13.
TL;DR: In this article, the reaction mechanisms of molecular systems in the ground singlet state are discriminated with the triplet stability-instability criterion of restricted Hartree-Fock (RHF) solution for the entire system and with the phase continuity criterion of the highest occupied orbital involved.
TL;DR: The results indicate that the calcium ion binds to PS molecules to form rapidly rigid calcium ion-bound PS aggregates, the lecithin molecules being thereby separated from the host PS bilayers to form clusters.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured the rate of crystal nucleation in alkali disilicate glasses by counting the number of crystals under an optical microscope and measured the viscosities of these glasses by the method of beam bending and penetration using the data of rate of nucleation and viscosity obtained in the present study and data of free energy measured by Takahashi and Yoshio.
Abstract: Rates of crystal nucleation in alkali disilicate glasses were measured by counting the number of crystals under an optical microscope The viscosities of these glasses were measured by the method of beam-bending and penetration Using the data of rate of nucleation and viscosity obtained in the present study and the data of free energy measured by Takahashi and Yoshio, crystal-glass interfacial energies for alkali disilicate systems were estimated on the basis of homogeneous nucleation theory as follows: 196 erg/cm2 for Li2O·2SiO2, 126–144 erg/cm2 for Na2O·2SiO2 and 88–104 erg/cm2 for K2O·2SiO2 The effects of the viscosity of glass, the free energy difference between crystal and glass and crystal-glass interfacial energy on the rate of nucleation were discussed, and the remarkably higher rate of crystal nucleation in the Li2O·2SiO2 glass was attributed to the larger free energy difference
TL;DR: In this article, an approximate method of studying interactions between two solitary waves which propagate in opposite directions is presented, where the solution is described by s superposition of two solitary wave which are governed by their respective Korteveg-de Vries equation.
Abstract: An approximate method of studying interactions between two solitary waves which propagate in opposite directions is presented In the first approximation, the solution is described by s superposition of two solitary waves which are governed by their respective Korteveg-de Vries equation The second order approximation gives a small correction where the two waves overlap one another The method is extended to the system, in which there exist n “quasi-simple” waves (the simple waves under the effects of higher derivative terms, such as dispersions of dissipations) The possibility that n “quasi-simple” waves can be superposed to describe nonlinear systems is studied Applications to ion acoustic waves in collisionless plasmas and shallow water waves are discussed
TL;DR: The Wittig reaction of cyclopropyltriphenylphosphonium bromide with carbonyl compounds gave alkylidenecyclopropanes (4, 6 and 7).
TL;DR: In this paper, the behavior of a gas in contact with its condensed phase is considered on the basis of a relaxation model of the linearized Boltzmann equation, and the temperature and density distributions of the gas in the Knudsen layer as well as so called slip boundary condition on the interface of the Gas and its Condensed phase are obtained.
Abstract: The behavior of a gas in contact with its condensed phase is considered on the basis of a relaxation model of the linearized Boltzmann equation. The temperature and density distributions of the gas in the Knudsen layer as well as so called slip boundary condition on the interface of the gas and its condensed phase are obtained.
TL;DR: The findings of this study indicate that the asymmetric fatty acid distribution found in naturally occurring glycerolipids results mostly from the specific at the step of phosphatidic acid synthesis and partly from the deacylation-reacylation cycle operating after the synthesis de novo of phospholipIDS.
Abstract: 1. A partially purified preparation containing 1-acylglycerophosphate acyltransferase, 2-acylglycerophosphate acyltransferase and 1-acylglycerophosphorylcholine acyltransferase was obtained from rat liver microsomes which were resolved with a nonionic detergent, Triton X-100, in glycine buffer pH 8.6. The purification procedure involves molecular sieve chromatography and sucrose density gradient centrifugation.
2. The partially purified 1-acylglycerophosphate acyltransferase exhibits a significant specificity for mono- and dienoic fatty acyl-CoA thioesters. The effectiveness of the various acyl-donors examined is as follows: oleyl-CoA > linoleyl-CoA ∼ palmitoleyl-CoA > palmityl-CoA ∼ myristyl-CoA; arachidonyl-CoA, stearyl-CoA and lauryl-CoA are almost ineffective. The newly formed ester bond is sensitive to the action of phospholipase A2.
3. The partially purified 2-acylglycerophosphate acyltransferase shows a predominant selectivity for saturated acyl-CoA thioesters. Stearyl-CoA is the most effective acyl-donor, and palmityl-CoA is utilized fairly efficiently.
4. The partially purified 1-acylglycerophosphorylcholine acyltransferase is specific for arachidonyl-CoA.
5. These findings, together with our previous studies on the acyl-donor specificity of glycerophosphate acyltransferase, indicate that the asymmetric fatty acid distribution found in naturally occurring glycerolipids results mostly from the specific at the step of phosphatidic acid synthesis and partly from the deacylation-reacylation cycle operating after the synthesis de novo of phospholipids.
TL;DR: In this article, the spontaneous volume magnetostriction of Fe-Ni and Ni-Cu alloys at 0 K evaluated from their thermal expansion curves can be quantitatively explained on the basis of the collective electron model, using the density of states curve for nickel.
Abstract: Thermal expansion measurements were made on f.c.c. Fe-Ni and Ni-Cu alloys from liquid helium temperature up to 1000 K. The spontaneous volume magnetostriction of these alloys at 0 K evaluated from their thermal expansion curves can be quantitatively explained on the basis of the collective electron model, using the density of states curve for nickel. The lattice constants of these alloys at various temperatures evaluated from their thermal expansion curves deviate from Vegard's law in the Invar region. This deviation is discussed in connection with the magnetic state of the Invar alloy and with the origin of the Invar effects.
TL;DR: Cryptococcus neoformans grown on culture media was observed by the freeze-etching technique and was unique in the appearance of the cell wall, which showed two strata, and some of the baglike paramural bodies showed multilayered membrane are thought to be plasmalemmasomes.
Abstract: Cryptococcus neoformans grown on culture media was observed by the freeze-etching technique. In the capsule, short fibrils were seen when freezeetched. This organism was unique in the appearance of the cell wall, which showed two strata. The outer one was dense with particles of about 20 nm in diameter, whereas the inner one was sparse in particles. The appearance of the cell membrane of this organism differed distinctly depending on the culture media. When grown on glycerol medium, the cell membrane possessed, as do other yeasts, clear but somewhat longer and curved invaginations. The membrane of cells grown on nonglycerol medium exhibited, however, only a few invaginations of irregular shape. Instead, characteristically of this organism, the cell membrane showed round depressions of 40 to 200 nm in diameter which were the surface view of the paramural bodies. In cross-fractured cells, both types of paramural bodies were found. Some of them contained a single vesicle of about 50 nm in diameter. These seem to play a role in secreting the cytoplasmic vesicles. Data suggesting the existence of multivesicular bodies in the cytoplasm and multivesicular lomasomes were also obtained. Some of the baglike paramural bodies showed multilayered membrane. These are thought to be plasmalemmasomes. This organism was similar to other yeasts reported in other respects.
TL;DR: A variety of dihalodiphosphinenickel(II) complexes have been found to be effective catalysts for hydrosilylation of olefins and acetylenes.
TL;DR: In this article, the solidus curve is calculated from the experimental liquidus curve, and it agrees very well with the experimental data and is attributed to lattice strain resulting from the large difference in atomic sizes of the VIth elements.
Abstract: There is a very narrow two-phase region in the CdS-CdTe pseudobinary system in high temperature, and we can obtain mixed crystals in almost the entire range of composition Lattice parameters of CdSxTe1-x satisfy "Vegard's law" Both of the solidus and the liquidus curves determined by DTA have the same minimum temperature of 1071°C at x=02 At 1000°C the crystal structure is the cubic zincblende (x 02) In the solid phase there is a miscibility gap, and it is attributed to lattice strain resulting from the large difference in atomic sizes of the VIth elements On account of the strain energy contributions to the thermodynamic free energy the solidus curve is calculated from the experimental liquidus curve, and it agrees very well with the experimental data