Showing papers by "Kyoto University published in 1979"
TL;DR: The nucleotide sequence of a 1,091-base pair cloned cDNA insert encoding bovine corticotropin-β-lipotropin precursor mRNA indicates that the precursor protein consists of repetitive units and includes a third melanotropin sequence in its cryptic portion.
Abstract: The nucleotide sequence of a 1,091-base pair cloned cDNA insert encoding bovine corticotropin-beta-lipotropin precursor mRNA is reported. The corresponding amino acid sequence indicates that the precursor protein consists of repetitive units and includes a third melanotropin sequence in its cryptic portion. Pairs of lysine and arginine residues separate the component peptides of the precursor.
1,689 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the stability of the stationary state is investigated in the fast limit of the atomic relaxation for a ring cavity containing a homogeneously broadened two level absorber.
968 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that the heterogeneity of the environment and the non-linear dispersive movements raise a spatial segregation of the populations of two similar and competing species and there is a possibility that this spatial segregation acts to stabilize the coexistence of twoSimilar species, relaxing the interspecific competition.
943 citations
TL;DR: A manifestly covariant and local canonical operator formalism of non-Abelian gauge theories is presented in this paper, which is applicable to Yang-Mills theories as well as to gravity.
Abstract: A manifestly covariant and local canonical operator formalism of non-Abelian gauge theories is presented in its full detail. This formalism, applicable to Yang-Mills theories as well as to gravity, not only provides us a transparent understanding in the scattering theoretical aspects, but also makes it possible to discuss other important problems directly related to the (Heisenberg) operators and the state vectors: As for the former, the physical S-matrix unitarity is proved quite generally on the basis of the representation of the algebra of the BRS charge, and asymptotic field analysis is explicitly performed for some examples. As for the latter, the problems of observables and the well-definedness of charge operators are discussed and clear results are obtained, where the locality and covariance of the formalism are indispensable. Observables are shown to be invariant under the BRS transformation as well as the unbroken global gauge groups. By analyzing the structure of “Maxwell” equations in YM theories, the converse of the Higgs theorem is found to hold. This turns out to lead to a remarkably simple criterion of quark confinement in QCD. The present formalism is found useful also for the U(1) problem and the charge universality proof in the Weinberg-Salam model. General theory of indefinite metric quantum fields is developed to some extent.
923 citations
TL;DR: The broad-scale fluctuations of cloudiness over the Eastern Hemisphere during the northern summer monsoon were investigated by using daily satellite mosaic pictures taken from June 1 to September 30, 1973.
Abstract: The broad-scale fluctuations of cloudiness over the Eastern Hemisphere during the northern summer monsoon were investigated by using daily satellite mosaic pictures taken from June 1 to September 30, 1973. Spectral analysis revealed two dominant periodicities, of around 40 days and around 15 days. Cross-spectral, time-sectional, time-lag correlation and phase-lag vector analysis were applied to reveal the characteristics of these two modes in the time-space field. The fluctuation of 40-day period shows marked northward movement of cloudiness from the equatorial zone to the mid-latitudes (around 30 * E) over the whole Asian monsoon area, and southward movement over Africa and the central Pacific. The northward movement is most apparent over the India-Indian Ocean sector. The fluctuation of this mode is associated with the major "active"-"break" cycle of the monsoon over the whole Asian monsoon area. The fluctuation of 15-day period shows similar features to that of 40-day period, but includes two clockwise rotations, one over India and Southeast Asia and the other over the western Pacific. A southward movement from the equatorial zone to the Southern Hemisphere middle latitudes is also prominent to the east and west of Australia. The fluctuation of this mode seems to correspond with the movements of equatorial, monsoon (or tropical), and westerly disturbances. It is also suggested that the fluctuation of 40-day period may be closely connected with the global-scale zonal oscillation in the equatorial zone and that of 15-day period may exist as a result of meridional wave interactions.
712 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a new smoothing algorithm is proposed, which looks for the most homogeneous neighborhood area around each point in a picture, and then gives each point the average gray level of the selected neighborhood area.
574 citations
TL;DR: The coupled oxidation method, when applied to the histochemical demonstration of HRP in combination with cobalt method 1, was found to give excellent electron microscopical pictures of the electron dense reaction product.
537 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the solutions of the SAC (symmetry-adapted-cluster) and SAC CI theories for the study of electron correlations in ground and excited states, respectively, are summarized.
532 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors dealt with turbulent or chaotic phenomena which occur in the system governed by the Duffing's equation, a special type of two-dimensional periodic system, by using analog and digital computers, experiments were carried out with special reference to the change of attractors and of average power spectra of the random processes under the variation of the system parameters.
Abstract: This paper deals with turbulent or chaotic phenomena which occur in the system governed by Duffing's equation, a special type of two-dimensional periodic system. By using analog and digital computers, experiments are carried out with special reference to the change of attractors and of average power spectra of the random processes under the variation of the system parameters. On the basis of the experimental results, an outline of the random process is made clear. The results obtained in this paper will be applied to various physical problems and will also serve as material for the development of a proper mathematics of this phenomenon.
305 citations
TL;DR: A scheme of procedure is proposed that applies to the determination of electrical parameters associated with the specific “double-shell” model consisting of a spherical core and three layers of concentric phases by using a set of parameter values pertinent to a lymphoma cell.
255 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that enkephalins are important neurotransmitters or neuromodulators regulating pain transmission and the possibility of a regulating mechanism for the release of endogenous opioid peptides, especially Met-enkephalin is suggested.
Abstract: It is generally accepted that morphine exerts its analgesic effect by binding to specific opiate receptors in the brain and spinal cord1. Since Hughes et al.2 isolated and identified two endogenous pentapeptides, Met- and Leu-enkephalin, from the brain and found that they acted as agonists at opiate receptors, α-, β- and γ-endorphins, larger peptides than enkephalins and having morphine-like activity, have been identified in either the brain or pituitary of various species1. Several studies have demonstrated that enkephalins possess analgesic properties and that they are distributed in the pain-mediated pathways in the central nervous system. These findings suggest that enkephalins are important neurotransmitters or neuromodulators regulating pain transmission. We now report the isolation of a novel substance which has a Met-enkephalin releasing action. Our findings suggest the possibility of a regulating mechanism for the release of endogenous opioid peptides, especially Met-enkephalin
TL;DR: The thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test has been used in the field of medical science in recent years to detect lipid peroxides as mentioned in this paper, which is necessary for hydroperoxides to be decomposed to secondary products during the reaction.
Abstract: The thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test has been used in the field of medical science in recent years to detect lipid peroxides. In this case, it is necessary for hydroperoxides to be decomposed to secondary products during the reaction. When purified methyl linoleate and methyl linolenate monohydro-peroxides were used as the sample for the TBA test, they did not decompose entirely to secondary products, but did so completely when an iron catalyst (ferrous sulfate) was added. However, the iron catalyst also accelerated the autoxidation of coexisting unsaturated fatty acids. Therefore, the addition of antioxidants was required. Fifteen min of heating was sufficient to complete the reaction. With additions of catalyst and antioxidant to the TBA test, it may be possible to make useful distinctions between hydroperoxides and secondary products of lipid oxidation.
TL;DR: In chloralose‐urethane anesthetized spinal rats, electrical stimulation of systematically chosen points over the entire caudal brain stem area was carried out to explore the site(s) responsible for vagally mediated bradycardia to find cells of origin of vagal cardioinhibitory fibers within the brain stem.
Abstract: In chloralose-urethane anesthetized spinal rats, electrical stimulation of systematically chosen points over the entire caudal brain stem area was carried out to explore the site(s) responsible for vagally mediated bradycardia. A dorsomedial locus including the nucleus dorsalis and the adjacent structures, the nucleus tractus solitarius, the nucleus commissuralis and the area postrema, and a ventrolateral locus around the nucleus ambiguus were found to elicit bradycardia with low threshold and high responsiveness. In another series of experiments, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was iontophoretically administered through a glass capillary microelectrode into the identified cardiac branch of the vagus nerve of rats in order to localize more precisely the cells of origin of vagal cardioinhibitory fibers within the brain stem. Distribution of the HRP-labeled cells was not confined to one area, but these cells were found within the nucleus dorsalis, the reticular formation surrounding the nucleus ambiguus and an intermediary zone between the two nuclei. Such a pattern of distribution of vagal cardioinhibitory preganglionic cells is discussed in relation to phylogenetic and ontogenetic development of the vagal motor nuclei.
TL;DR: A reliable, simple, and rapid enzymatic method for the microdetermination of serum free fatty acids showed a close correlation with the chemical colorimetric method.
TL;DR: In this paper, the problem of instantaneous transmission of the polar ionospheric electric field to the equator is solved analytically as an initial-boundary value problem by assuming a plane Earth-ionosphere waveguide system composed of the metallic ionosphere with vertical static magnetic field and the perfectly conducting Earth, the TM0 (zeroth-order transverse magnetic) waveguide mode excited by the polar electric field propagates instantaneously to the low-latitude accompanying the electric field with the same direction as the polar field.
TL;DR: The group formation inPan paniscus is flexible as inP.
Abstract: The group formation inPan paniscus is flexible as inP. troglodytes. A group consisted of 16.9 chimps on the average, and a large groups of more than 30 chimps were often observed. The most frequent groups are of the mixed group type, which occupied 80% of the observed cases. The group size varies in accordance with the seasonal changes of the abundance and distribution of food resources, but in general it is larger than that ofP. troglodytes. The socionomic sex ratio does not seem to be highly correlated with the group size, and was around 76 on the average. And neither the proportion of females with infants in a group nor that of estrous females seems to be correlated with the group size. Therefore, the group composition appears to be rather uniform. This uniformity may be attributable toP. paniscus's concentrative nature and high male/female affinity. In comparison with the other African anthropoid apes,P. paniscus shows less sexual differentiation in its social structure.
TL;DR: Experimental results show that this system is quite useful in analyzing aerial photographs of complex suburban areas, and the properties of the recognized objects are used in analysis of the rest of the picture which was left unrecognized at the first step of recognition.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the structure of the primordial atmosphere under the assumptions that it is spherically symmetric and in hydrostatic equilibrium, and that the net energy outflow is constant throughout the atmosphere and is given by GMM/R with M = M/106yr or M/107yr where M and R are the mass and the radius of the proto-Earth, respectively.
TL;DR: The results suggest that when there is an elevation of gastric acid secretion with no parallel increase in mucosal blood flow, gastric ulceration may occur under conditions of stress.
TL;DR: The occurrence of initiation and termination codons and of the ribosome-binding sequence on pAO2 DNA suggests that a polypeptide chain consisting of 113 amino acid residues may be encoded by the region in which the colicin E1 immunity gene has been mapped.
Abstract: A small ColE1 derivative, pAO2, which replicates like the original ColE1 and confers immunity to colicin E1 on its host cell has been constructed from a quarter region of ColE1 DNA (Oka, 1978). The entire nucleotide sequence of pAO2 (1,613 base pairs) was determined based on its fine cleavage map. The sequence of a similar plasmid, pAO3, carrying additional 70 base pairs was also deduced.
TL;DR: Predatory behavior of Mahale chimpanzees seems more opportunistic and primitive than has ever been observed in the Gombe National Park in terms of capture technique, size of prey, co-operation in hunting, sexual difference in capture frequency, degree of consumption and extent of meat sharing.
Abstract: Eighteen predatory and two cannibalistic episodes have been observed among wild chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains. The prey consists mainly of juveniles of medium-sized mammals, six species of which were recorded as prey fauna for the first time in this study. Predatory behavior of Mahale chimpanzees seems more opportunistic and primitive than has ever been observed in the Gombe National Park in terms of capture technique, size of prey, co-operation in hunting, sexual difference in capture frequency, degree of consumption and extent of meat sharing. Cannibalism is an inter-unit-group phenomenon and may be an extension of infanticide, which may function in changing “mother” into “female.”
TL;DR: The purified enzyme from the microsomes and that from the mitochondrial fraction are indistinguishable from each other with respect to all molecular and catalytic properties examined, including molecular weight, amino acid composition, amino-terminal residue, heat stability, specific activity, pH optimum and substrate specificity regarding fatty acid.
Abstract: Long-chain acyl-coenzyme-A synthetase from the microsomes as well as from the mitochondrial fraction of rat liver has been purified to homogeneity as evidenced by dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, amino-terminal analysis and the elution profile at the final chromatography step. The purification procedure involves resolution of the cellular particles with Triton X-100 and chromatography on Blue-Sepharose, hydroxyapatite and phosphocellulose. The purified enzymes from both sources have a specific activity of 26–29 units/mg protein at 35°C, which is more than 100-fold higher than those of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases of animal and bacterial origin hitherto reported. The purified enzymes exhibit a molecular weight of approximately 76000 as estimated by dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and catalyze the activation of saturated fatty acids with 10–18 carbon atoms and unsaturated fatty acids with 16–20 carbon atoms most efficiently. The purified enzyme from the microsomes and that from the mitochondrial fraction, which are obtained by essentially identical procedures, are indistinguishable from each other with respect to all molecular and catalytic properties examined, including molecular weight, amino acid composition, amino-terminal residue, heat stability, specific activity, pH optimum and substrate specificity regarding fatty acid, acyl acceptor and nucleoside 5′-triphosphate.
TL;DR: In this article, the population density distribution among excited levels is interpreted in terms of excitation-ionization mechanisms in the plasma, leading to a grouping of the excited levels into two phases for the discharge plasma considered: the corona phase applies to the lower-lying levels and the quasi-saturation phase to the higherlying levels.
Abstract: For the collisional-radiative model applied to helium, two alternative formulations are presented in which non-linear process such as ionization due to metastable-metastable collisions may be included. The atomic data, including dielectronic,recombination, employed in the calculations are summarized. The collisional-radiative calculation is applied to a positive-column plasma for which both the nonlinear processes and radiation trapping are taken into account. The calculated population densities of excited levels for a low-pressure and low-current discharge plasma show good agreement with a measurement made using the hook method. The population density distribution among excited levels is interpreted in terms of excitation-ionization mechanisms in the plasma. This leads to a grouping of the excited levels into two phases for the discharge plasma considered: the corona phase applies to the lower-lying levels and the quasi-saturation phase to the higher-lying levels. The importance of the ladder-like excitation-ionization mechanism is noted for this class of plasmas.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined Capsicum annuum var. annuum cv. Karayatsubusa at different growth stages after flowering and found that the main formation and accumulation sites of capsaicinoid are in the placenta of the fruits.
Abstract: Fluctuations of pungent principles of hot pepper fruits (capsaicinoid), chlorophylls, carotenoid, and fresh fruit weight in Capsicum annuum var. annuum cv. Karayatsubusa at different growth stages after flowering were examined. Capsaicinoid was first detected 20 days after flowering, and reached maximal level around 40 days after flowering, then later decreased gradually. The capsaicinoid composition did not show any appreciable change throughout the stages after flowering. CAP and DC were the major components in all of the stages examined. By using radioisotopic technique, it was found that the main formation and accumulation sites of capsaicinoid are in the placenta of the fruits.
TL;DR: In this paper, Li/1 M LiClO4 propylene carbonate/TiO2 cell, which has an open circuit voltage of 2.85-2.90 V and 950 Wh/kg of theoretical energy density, is presented.
TL;DR: In this article, the Wronski determinants were used to obtain solutions for the Korteweg-deVries and modified version of it, including the N -soliton solutions.
Abstract: Solutions expressed by the Wronski determinants are obtained for the Korteweg-deVries and the modified Korteweg-deVries equations. They include the N -soliton solutions as their special cases. The functions constituting the Wronskians satisfy a couple of linear differential equations.
TL;DR: Cells from a xeroderma pigmentosum patient XP2BI who has reached 17 years of age with no keratoses or skin tumours constitute a new, 7th complementation group G, which exhibits a low residual level of excision repair, an impairment of post-replication repair characteristic of excison-defective XPs and is sensitive to the lethal effects of UV.
Abstract: Cells from a xeroderma pigmentosum patient XP2BI who has reached 17 years of age with no keratoses or skin tumours constitute a new, 7th complementation group G. These cells exhibit a low residual level of excision repair, 2% of normal after a UV dose of 5 J/m2 and an impairment of post-replication repair characteristic of excision-defective XPs. They are also sensitive to the lethal effects of UV and defective in host-cell reactivation of UV-irradiated SV40 DNA.
TL;DR: It is found that cells dispersed with a very low concentration of trypsin in the absence of Ca2+ retain only the Ca2-independent mechanism intact, suggesting that the two mechanisms of cell adhesion are based on different cellular components.