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Showing papers by "Kyoto University published in 1983"


Book ChapterDOI
Mikio Sato1
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors interpreted the time evolution of a solution as the dynamical motion of a point on a Grassmann manifold, and a generic solution corresponds to a generic point whose orbit (in the infinitely many time variables) is dense in the manifold, whereas degenerate solutions corresponding to points bound on those closed submanifolds that are stable under the time evolve describe the solutions to various specialized equations, such as KdV, Boussinesq, nonlinear Schrodinger, and sine-Gordon.
Abstract: Publisher Summary Soliton Equations as Dynamical Systems on Infinite Dimensional Grassmann Manifold The totality of the solutions of the Kadomtsev– Petviashvili equation as well as of its multicomponent generalization forms an infinite dimensional Grassmann manifold. In this picture, the time evolution of a solution is interpreted as the dynamical motion of a point on this manifold. A generic solution corresponds to a generic point whose orbit (in the infinitely many time variables) is dense in the manifold, whereas degenerate solutions corresponding to points bound on those closed submanifolds that are stable under the time evolution describe the solutions to various specialized equations, such as KdV, Boussinesq, nonlinear Schrodinger, and sine-Gordon.

835 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the equations of motion of compressible viscous and heat-conductive fluids are investigated for initial boundary value problems on the half space and on the exterior domain of any bounded region.
Abstract: The equations of motion of compressible viscous and heat-conductive fluids are investigated for initial boundary value problems on the half space and on the exterior domain of any bounded region. The global solution in time is proved to exist uniquely and approach the stationary state ast→∞, provided the prescribed initial data and the external force are sufficiently small.

793 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A procedure for quantifying movement sequences in terms of move length and turning angle probability distributions is developed and it is shown this displacement formula can be used to highlight the consequences of different searching behaviors.
Abstract: This paper develops a procedure for quantifying movement sequences in terms of move length and turning angle probability distributions. By assuming that movement is a correlated random walk, we derive a formula that relates expected square displacements to the number of consecutive moves. We show this displacement formula can be used to highlight the consequences of different searching behaviors (i.e. different probability distributions of turning angles or move lengths). Observations of Pieris rapae (cabbage white butterfly) flight and Battus philenor (pipe-vine swallowtail) crawling are analyzed as a correlated random walk. The formula that we derive aptly predicts that net displacements of ovipositing cabbage white butterflies. In other circumstances, however, net displacements are not well-described by our correlated random walk formula; in these examples movement must represent a more complicated process than a simple correlated random walk. We suggest that progress might be made by analyzing these more complicated cases in terms of higher order markov processes.

773 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
07 Apr 1983-Nature
TL;DR: The whole primary structure of the γ-subunit precursor of the AChR deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the cloned cDNA is reported, suggesting that these polypeptides are oriented in a pseudosymmetric fashion across the membrane.
Abstract: The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) from the electroplax of the ray Torpedo californica is composed of five subunits present in a molar stoichiometry of alpha 2 beta gamma delta (refs 1-3) and contains both the binding site for the neurotransmitter and the cation gating unit (reviewed in refs 4-6). We have recently elucidated the complete primary structures of the alpha-, beta- and delta-subunit precursors of the T. californica AChR by cloning and sequencing cDNAs for these polypeptides. Here, we report the whole primary structure of the gamma-subunit precursor of the AChR deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the cloned cDNA. Comparison of the amino acid sequences of the four subunits reveals marked homology among them. The close resemblance among the hydrophilicity profiles and predicted secondary structures of all the subunits suggests that these polypeptides are oriented in a pseudosymmetric fashion across the membrane. Each subunit contains four putative transmembrane segments that may be involved in the ionic channel. The transmembrane topology of the subunit molecules has also been inferred.

746 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Nov 1983-Nature
TL;DR: The primary structures of two types of bovine brain substance P precursors have been determined and one precursor contains a sequence homologous to that of the amphibian peptide kassinin, which suggests that it can be liberated from the precursor and may serve as an endogenous hormone or neuromediator in mammalian organisms.
Abstract: The primary structures of two types of bovine brain substance P precursors have been determined. One precursor contains a sequence homologous to that of the amphibian peptide kassinin. This new tachykinin sequence is bounded by paired basic amino acids Lys-Arg, which suggests that, like substance P, it can be liberated from the precursor and may serve as an endogenous hormone or neuromediator in mammalian organisms.

742 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a canonical quantization of the bosonic string is performed based on the BRS invariance principle and a modified form of Kugo-Ojima's subsidiary condition QB|phys〉 = 0 (QB = BRS charge).

477 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
20 Jan 1983-Nature
TL;DR: The cloning and nucleotide analysis of cDNAs for the AChR β- and δ-subunit precursors reveal conspicuous amino acid sequence homology among these and the α-subunits.
Abstract: The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) from fish electric organ and mammalian skeletal muscle is the best characterized neurotransmitter receptor (reviewed in refs 1–3). The AChR from the electroplax of the ray Torpedo californica consists of five subunits present in a molar stoichiometry of α2βγδ (refs 4–6); the apparent molecular weights of the α-, β-, γ- and δ-subunits are 40,000 (40K), 50K, 60K and 65K, respectively7–11. Knowledge of the primary structures of these constituent polypeptides would facilitate the understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the function of the neurotransmitter receptor. Recently, we have cloned cDNA for the α-subunit precursor of the T. californica AChR and have deduced the primary structure of this polypeptide from the nucleotide sequence of the cloned cDNA12. Here we report the cloning and nucleotide analysis of cDNAs for the AChR β- and δ-subunit precursors. The primary structures of the two polypeptides deduced from the cDNA sequences reveal conspicuous amino acid sequence homology among these and the α-subunits. The three subunits contain several highly conserved regions which may be essential for the receptor function or inter-summit interaction.

451 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Oct 1983-Nature
TL;DR: Nucleotide sequence analysis of the cloned DNAs has revealed the primary structures of the calf and human AChR α-subunit precursors, which exhibit marked sequence homology with their Torpedo counterpart.
Abstract: The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) from fish electric organ is well characterized and is known to consist of five subunits present in a molar stoichiometry of α2βγδ (reviewed in refs 1–3). The mammalian skeletal muscle AChR is thought to have a similar subunit structure4–6. We have recently elucidated the primary structures of the α-, β-, γ- and δ-subunit precursors of the Torpedo californica AChR by cloning and sequencing cDNAs for these polypeptides7–9; cDNA sequences for the γ-subunit precursor of the T. californica AChR10 and the α-subunit precursor of the Torpedo marmorata AChR11,12 have also been reported by other groups. The four subunits exhibit conspicuous sequence homology and are similar in hydrophilicity profile and predicted secondary structure, thus being most probably oriented in a pseudosymmetric fashion across the membrane. The transmembrane topology of the subunit molecules and the locations of functionally important regions, such as the acetylcholine binding site and the transmembrane segments which may be involved in the ionic channel, have been proposed. We have now cloned cDNA for the α-subunit precursor of the calf skeletal muscle AChR and a human genomic DNA segment containing the corresponding gene. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the cloned DNAs has revealed the primary structures of the calf and human AChR α-subunit precursors, which exhibit marked sequence homology with their Torpedo counterpart. The protein-coding sequence of the human AChR α-subunit precursor gene is divided by eight introns into nine exons, which seem to correspond to different structural and functional domains of the subunit precursor molecule.

405 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, model-coupling equations for the resistive drift-wave instability were derived and numerically solved to study the properties of turbulence near a plasma edge, and the wavenumber spectrum of the turbulence was found to exhibit an inverse cascade to form an isotropic, two-dimensional Kolmogorov spectrum, in the large wave-number regime.
Abstract: Model mode-coupling equations for the resistive drift-wave instability are derived and numerically solved to study the properties of turbulence near a plasma edge. The wavenumber spectrum of the turbulence is found to exhibit an inverse cascade to form an isotropic, two-dimensional Kolmogorov spectrum, ${k}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$, in the large-wave-number regime. The turbulence has a broad frequency spectrum with a large saturation level and produces Bohm-type particle diffusion.

404 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Cell lineages during development of ascidian embryos were analyzed by injection of horseradish peroxidase as a tracer enzyme into identified cells at the one, two, four, and eight-cell stages of the ascidians, Halocynthia roretzi, Ciona intestinalis, and Ascidia ahodori to demonstrate that muscle cells are derived from both the b4.2 and A4.1 pairs.

342 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Nov 1983-Cell
TL;DR: It is suggested that the homologous domain of erbB protein with its N-terminal portion is sufficient for the transformation of fibroblasts and that one-third of the carboxy- terminus of the protein has a key role for the Transformation of erythroid cells.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: As a continuation of previous work, discretization of nonlinear Schrodinger equation and its analogues are discussed as the reduction of 2-component KP hierarchy.
Abstract: As a continuation of previous work, discretization of nonlinear Schrodinger equation and its analogues are discussed as the reduction of 2-component KP hierarchy

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Feb 1983-Cell
TL;DR: Plasmids that replicate using the replication origin of the E. coli chromosome are not stably inherited through cell division, but can be stabilized by joining with a particular segment of F plasmid that presumably provides the partition function.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The permeability of phospholipid membranes to the superoxide anion (O-2) was determined using soybean phospholIPid vesicles containing FMN in the internal space and chloroplast thylakoids showed little permeability to O-2.

Journal ArticleDOI
Takashi Murachi1
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the role of calpain and calpastatin in health and disease, and revealed very wide but quite diverse distribution of calpains I and II and Calpastatin among various tissues and cells.

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: The convexity of technology has played a crucial role in economic analyses of optimal one-sector growth problems as discussed by the authors, and two of the key results on the traditional model of Ramsey (1928) that have relied on the convexness of the technology are that optimal intertemporal growth involves moving monotonically towards a unique steady state (as in Cass 1965; Koopmans 1965).

Journal ArticleDOI
Kazuhiko Takai1, Keizo Kimura1, Tooru Kuroda1, Tamejiro Hiyama1, Hitosi Nozaki1 
TL;DR: Alkenyl iodide (or bromide) is readily reduced with CrCl2 is N,N-dimethylformamide at 25°C to gice the corresponding organochromium species which adds selectively to an aldehyde moiety without affecting the coexisting ketone or cyano group of the substrate.

Journal ArticleDOI
15 Mar 1983
TL;DR: In this article, the authors have given a systematic assignment of the electronic spectra of CO 2 and N 2 O molecules, though there were some controversial situations in the assignment of their spectra, due to the existence of a large number of ionizationexcitation states mixing with the singly ionized states.
Abstract: Valence and Rydberg excitations, ionizations, and inner-valence ionizations of CO 2 and N 2 O, which are isoelectronic, are studied by the SAC and SAC CI theories. We have given a systematic assignment of the electronic spectra of these molecules, though there were some controversial situations in the assignment of the spectra. The broad and overlapping features of the spectra of the inner-valence ionizations are due to the existence of a large number of ionization-excitation states mixing with the singly ionized states. The theoretical origins of the similarities and differences in the photoelectron spectra of CO 2 and N 2 O are clarified.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Dec 1983-Cell
TL;DR: It is found that ECCD-1 affects the pattern of polarization of the cell surface in late 8- and 16-cell-stage blastomeres, as detected by staining with fluorescence-labeled concanavalin A.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, over 500 oriented samples of felsic rocks of Cretaceous to Middle Miocene age were collected along the Go¯River in the central part of Southwest Japan, in an attempt to detect the process of tectonic rotation of southwest Japan from the paleomagnetic view point.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A serum lectin specific for mannose and N-acetylglucosamine residues was isolated from human serum to near homogeneity mainly by affinity chromatography on a column of Sepharose 4B-mannan and a distinct binding activity toward mannan which did not require Ca2+ was attributed to immunoglobulins (IgG).
Abstract: A serum lectin specific for mannose and N-acetylglucosamine residues was isolated from human serum to near homogeneity mainly by affinity chromatography on a column of Sepharose 4B-mannan. The lectin, called mannan-binding protein, was a glycine-rich protein with an apparent molecular size of approximately 600,000 daltons, and had a subunit structure consisting of a single component with an apparent molecular weight of 31,000. Binding of the isolated lectin to 125I-labeled mannan was dependent upon the presence of Ca2+, proportional to the protein added, and a reversible and saturable process. Scatchard plot analysis of binding data indicated the presence of a binding site with a dissociation constant of 2.3 X 10(-9) M and a maximum capacity of 4.3 pmol of 125I-labeled mannan per microgram of protein (2.6 mol of mannan per mol of the protein). The mannan-binding protein, is different from C-reactive protein (CRP) and amyloid P-component (SAP), both of which are serum components known to bind polysaccharides in the presence of Ca2+. A distinct binding activity toward mannan which did not require Ca2+ was attributed to immunoglobulins (IgG).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed model of the droplet size in annular flow was developed based on the above assumption and correlations for the volume mean diameter as well as the size distribution were obtained in collaboration with a large number of experimental data.
Abstract: The mean droplet size and size distribution are important for detailed mechanistic modeling of annular two-phase flow. A large number of experimental data indicate that the standard Weber number criterion based on the relative velocity between droplets and gas flow predicts far too large droplet sizes. Therefore, it was postulated that the majority of the droplets were generated at the time of entrainment and the size distribution was the direct reflection of the droplet entrainment mechanism based on roll-wave shearing off. A detailed model of the droplet size in annular flow was then developed based on the above assumption. The correlations for the volume mean diameter as well as the size distribution were obtained in collaboration with a large number of experimental data. A comparison with experimental data indicated that indeed the postulated mechanism has been the dominant factor in determining the drop size. Furthermore, a large number of data can be successfully correlated by the present model. These correlations can supply accurate information on droplet size in annular flow which has not been available previously.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Mar 1983-Cell
TL;DR: A temperature-sensitive E. coli mutant with a mutation in the spc ribosomal protein operon was found to have a conditional defect in the processing of precursor proteins destined for the periplasmic space or the outer membrane.

Journal ArticleDOI
Yasushi Kuraishi1, Yoshio Harada1, S Aratani1, Mamoru Satoh1, Hiroshi Takagi1 
TL;DR: The results not only provide further evidence for the involvement of the descending inhibitory systems in morphine antinociception, but also show that the extent of participation of the spinal noradrenergic and serotonergic systems in the effects of morphine has to be carefully assessed as different analgesic tests yield different results.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Apr 1983-Cell
TL;DR: Two independent mechanisms seem to regulate gene expression during the course of differentiation: the first mechanism operates in undifferentiated cells to block expression of M-MuLV and other exogeneously acquired viral genes, such as SV40 and polyoma virus, and does not depend on DNA methylation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the superconformal tensor calculus for N = 1 supergravity in a complete form is presented, including irreducible multiplets, their multiplication and embedding formulae, and invariant action formsulae.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The distribution of serum antibodies to adult T‐cell leukemia virus (ATLV) was examined as a marker for virus infection among non‐human primates as well as people from Africa and Germany.
Abstract: The distribution of serum antibodies to adult T-cell leukemia virus (ATLV) was examined as a marker for virus infection among non-human primates as well as people from Africa and Germany. The virus is present in Africa in certain primate species including man. Altogether, 468 sera from 27 monkey species were examined. Only African green monkeys, less frequently also chimpanzees and crab-eating monkeys, were found to be infected. About 1-2% of people from Kenya have antibodies, while ATLV-antibodies may be present in well below 0.1% of the German population.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the transition from chaotic behavior to ordered behavior induced by external noise is observed in a certain class of one-dimensional mappings and the transition is clearly shown in terms of the Lyapunov number, entropy, power spectrum, and the nature of orbits.
Abstract: A new noise effect on chaos in one-dimensional mappings is reported. The transition from chaotic behavior to ordered behavior induced by external noise is observed in a certain class of one-dimensional mappings. This transition is clearly shown in terms of the Lyapunov number, entropy, power spectrum, and the nature of orbits.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the C-Si bonds in organosilicon fluorides, K 2 (RSiF 5 ] and R n SiF 4-n, are cleaved by m-chloroperbenzoic acid (MCPBA) in DMF to give the corresponding alcohols in high yields.

Journal ArticleDOI
Hiroji Aiba1
01 Jan 1983-Cell
TL;DR: The results suggest a different mechanism for transcriptional repression of the crp gene by CRP-cAMP from that of a typical operator-repressor model.