Showing papers by "Kyoto University published in 1988"
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The Sous-Commission Pyroxenes creee par la Commission Nouveaux Mineraux et Noms de Mineraux (C.N.M.A) as discussed by the authors, who presente son rapport final sur la nomenclature des pyroxenes.
Abstract: La Sous-Commission Pyroxenes creee par la Commission Nouveaux Mineraux et Noms de Mineraux (C.N.M.M.N.) de l'Association Mineralogique Internationale (I.M.A.) presente son rapport final sur la nomenclature des pyroxenes. Les recommandations de la Sous-Commission proposees dans ce rapport ont ete officiellement acceptees par la Commission. Des noms acceptes et largement utilises ont ete definis chimiquement, combinant des methodes nouvelles et conventionnelles, de facon a etre en accord dans la mesure du possible avec l'usage actuel generalement admis. Vingt noms ont ete officiellement acceptes, parmi eux treize sont employes pour representer des poles purs de composition chimique bien determinee. Dans les solutions solides binaires ordinaires, les noms d'especes sont donnes par les termes extremes suivant la \"regle des 50%\". Des adjectifs modificatifs sont ajoutes aux noms des pyroxenes pour indiquer des quantites exceptionnelles de constituants chimiques. Ce rapport inclut une liste de 105 noms de pyroxene utilises precedemment, qui ont ete rejetes officiellement par la Commission.
1,945 citations
TL;DR: The final report on the nomenclature of pyroxenes by the Subcommittee on Pyroxenes established by the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names of the International Mineralogical Association as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: This is the final report on the nomenclature of pyroxenes by the Subcommittee on Pyroxenes established by the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names of the International Mineralogical Association. The recommendations of the Subcommittee as put forward in this report have been formally accepted by the Commission. Accepted and widely used names have been chemically defined, by combining new and conventional methods, to agree as far as possible with the consensus of present use. Twenty names are formally accepted, among which thirteen are used to represent the end-members of definite chemical compositions. In common binary solid-solution series, species names are given to the two end-members by the “50% rule”. Adjectival modifiers for pyroxene mineral names are defined to indicate unusual amounts of chemical constituents. This report includes a list of 105 previously used pyroxene names that have been formally discarded by the Commission.
1,756 citations
TL;DR: It appears that each cadherin subclass has binding specificity and this molecular family is involved in selective cell-cell adhesion, indicating a crucial role in construction of tissues and the whole animal body.
Abstract: Cadherins are a family of glycoproteins involved in the Ca2+-dependent cell-cell adhesion mechanism which is detected in most kinds of tissues. Inhibition of the cadherin activity with antibodies induces dissociation of cell layers, indicating a fundamental importance of these molecules in maintaining the multicellular structure. Cadherins are divided into subclasses, including E-, N- and P-cadherins. While all subclasses are similar in molecular weight, Ca2+- and protease-sensitivity, each subclass is characterized by a unique tissue distribution pattern and immunological specificity. Analysis of amino acid sequences deduced from cDNA encoding these molecules showed that they are integral membrane proteins of 723-748 amino acids long and share common sequences; similarity in the sequences between subclasses is in a range of 50-60% when compared within a single animal species. L cells, with very little endogenous cadherin activity, transfected with the cadherin cDNA acquired high cadherin-mediated aggregating activity. Their colony morphology was altered by the ectopic expression of cadherins from the dispersed type to the compact type, providing direct evidence for a key role of cadherins in cell-cell adhesion. It has been suggested that cadherins bind cells by their homophilic interactions at the extracellular domain and are associated with actin bundles at the cytoplasmic domain. It appears that each cadherin subclass has binding specificity and this molecular family is involved in selective cell-cell adhesion. In development, the expression of each cadherin subclass is spatiotemporally regulated and associated with a variety of morphogenetic events; e.g. the termination or initiation of expression of a cadherin subclass in a given cell collective is correlated with its segregation from or connection with other cell collectives. Antibodies to cadherins were shown to perturb the morphogenesis of some embryonic organs in vitro. These observations suggest that cadherins play a crucial role in construction of tissues and the whole animal body.
1,621 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a control scheme called repetitive control is proposed, in which the controlled variables follow periodic reference commands, and a high-accuracy asymptotic tracking property is achieved by implementing a model that generates the periodic signals of period L into the closed-loop system.
Abstract: A control scheme called repetitive control is proposed, in which the controlled variables follow periodic reference commands. A high-accuracy asymptotic tracking property is achieved by implementing a model that generates the periodic signals of period L into the closed-loop system. Sufficient conditions for the stability of repetitive control systems and modified repetitive control systems are derived by applying the small-gain theorem and the stability theorem for time-lag systems. Synthesis algorithms are presented by both the state-space approach and the factorization approach. In the former approach, the technique of the Kalman filter and perfect regulation is utilized, while coprime factorization over the matrix ring of proper stable rational functions and the solution of the Hankel norm approximation are used in the latter one. >
1,352 citations
TL;DR: The idea of dynamical gauge bosons of hidden local symmetries in nonlinear sigma models is reviewed in this article, where it is shown that any nonlinear Sigma model based on the manifold G/H is gauge equivalent to a linear model possessing a Gglobal × Hlocal symmetry, Hlocal being a hidden local symmetry.
887 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that the cytoplasmic domain regulates the cell‐cell binding function of the extracellular domain of E‐cadherin, possibly through interaction with some cytoskeletal components.
Abstract: Cadherins are a family of transmembrane glycoproteins responsible for Ca2+-dependent cell-cell adhesion. Their amino acid sequences are highly conserved in the cytoplasmic domain. To study the role of the cytoplasmic domain in the function of cadherins, we constructed expression vectors with cDNAs encoding the deletion mutants of E-cadherin polypeptides, in which the carboxy terminus was truncated at various lengths. These vectors were introduced into L cells by transfection, and cell lines expressing the mutant E-cadherin molecules were isolated. In all transfectants obtained, the extracellular domain of the mutant E-cadherins was exposed on the cell surface, and had normal Ca2+-sensitivity and molecular size. However, these cells did not show any Ca2+-dependent aggregation, indicating that the mutant molecules cannot mediate cell-cell binding. The mutant E-cadherin molecules could be released from cells by nonionic detergents, whereas a fraction of normal E-cadherin molecules could not be extracted with the detergent and appeared to be anchored to the cytoskeleton at cell-cell junctions. These results suggest that the cytoplasmic domain regulates the cell-cell binding function of the extracellular domain of E-cadherin, possibly through interaction with some cytoskeletal components.
827 citations
TL;DR: Microinjection of an expression plasmid that carries complementary DNA encoding the receptor for dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers of skeletal muscle restores both excitation-contraction coupling and slow calcium current in cultured skeletal muscle cells from mice with muscular dysgenesis.
Abstract: Microinjection of an expression plasmid that carries complementary DNA encoding the receptor for dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers of skeletal muscle restores both excitation-contraction coupling and slow calcium current in cultured skeletal muscle cells from mice with muscular dysgenesis. This suggests that the dihydropyridine receptor in the transverse tubule membrane of skeletal muscle functions both as the voltage sensor for excitation-contraction coupling and as the slow calcium channel.
765 citations
TL;DR: The single-channel conductance properties of these AChR mutants expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes indicate that three clusters of negatively charged and glutamine residues neighbouring segment M2 of the α-, β-, γ- and δ-subunits, probably forming three anionic rings, are major determinants of the rate of ion transport.
Abstract: The structure-function relationship of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) has been effectively studied by the combination of complementary DNA manipulation and single-channel current analysis. Previous work with chimaeras between the Torpedo californica and bovine AChR delta-subunits has shown that the region comprising the hydrophobic segment M2 and its vicinity contains an important determinant of the rate of ion transport through the AChR channel. It has also been suggested that this region is responsible for the reduction in channel conductance caused by divalent cations and that segment M2 contributes to the binding site of noncompetitive antagonists. To identify those amino acid residues that interact with permeating ions, we have introduced various point mutations into the Torpedo AChR subunit cDNAs to alter the net charge of the charged or glutamine residues around the proposed transmembrane segments. The single-channel conductance properties of these AChR mutants expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes indicate that three clusters of negatively charged and glutamine residues neighbouring segment M2 of the alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-subunits, probably forming three anionic rings, are major determinants of the rate of ion transport.
740 citations
Book•
25 Mar 1988TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a resource allocation approach for resource allocation problems in the ORS problem, using an algorithm based approach, which they call Algorithmic Approaches.
Abstract: (1989). Resource Allocation Problems: Algorithmic Approaches. Journal of the Operational Research Society: Vol. 40, No. 7, pp. 701-702.
705 citations
TL;DR: These results provide the first direct evidence that the differential expression of cadherins can play a role in cell sorting in heterogeneous cell populations.
680 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the notion of complexe pur and faisceaux pervers purs has been investigated in the context of modules filtrés holonomes, a notion of which was introduced by Deligne and Gabber.
Abstract: Dans [7], Deligne a introduit la notion de complexe pur, et démontré la stabilité par image directe par morphismes propres (i.e. la version relative de la conjecture de Weil). Cette théorie, combinée avec celle de faisceaux pervers, a été ensuite développée par Beilinson-Bernstein-Deligne-Gabber[l]: ils ont démontré le théorème de décomposition, et la stabilité des faisceaux pervers purs par images directes intermédiaires (en particulier, la pureté des complexes d'intersection) [loc. cit]. D'après la philosophie de Deligne [6, 7], on a conjecturé qu'il existerait des objets en car. 0, correspondant aux complexes purs, cf. [2,3,4] etc. Le but de cet article est de donner une réponse positive: en utilisant la théorie de £)-Modules filtrés, la théorie de la filtration V [17, 22] et la théorie de faisceaux pervers, on définit la notion de Module de Hodge polarisable (cf. 5.1-2), qui doit correspondre à celle de faisceau pervers pur, et on démontre la stabilité par images directes (perverses) par un morphisme projectif avec un théorème de Lefschetz fort relatif et une polarisation induite sur les parties primitives (i.e. une théorie de Hodge-Lefschetz relative), cf. 5.3.1. Soient X une variété analytique complexe lisse, 3)x le faisceau des opérateurs différentiels analytiques muni de la filtration F par degré d'opérateur, et MF(â)x} la catégorie des .^-Modules filtrés. On dit que (M, F)^MF(3)X} est holonome, si M est un .â^-Module holonome [16, 18] et GrM est un Gr£Dx-ModulQ cohérent (i.e. F est une bonne filtration de M[loc. cit]). Soit MFh(3)x} la sous-catégorie pleine de MF(3)X) des .â^-Modules filtrés holonomes. D'après Kashiwara [16] on a le foncteur
TL;DR: In this paper, three important thermal properties of polylactides have been measured and discussed: glass transition temperature, melting temperature, and degradation behavior, and they have been found to be highly sensitive to heat, especially at temperatures higher than 190°C.
TL;DR: Partial substitution of Pb for Bi in the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system has been found to sharply increase the volume fraction of the high-Tc phase when both the starting material (coprecipitated oxalate being used in the present study) and the heating process are appropriate as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Partial substitution of Pb for Bi in the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system has been found to sharply increase the volume fraction of the high-Tc phase when both the starting material (coprecipitated oxalate being used in the present study) and the heating process are appropriate. The sharp powder X-ray diffraction pattern obtained from well-grown particles, 5~10 µm wide and 0.5 µm thick typically, was assigned to an orthorhombic cell with a=0.537 nm, b=2.682 nm, and c=3.726 nm. The electrical resistance dropped to zero at 107 K within the experimental limit of 10-6 Ω. A large diamagnetic response in the ac susceptibility due to the Meissner effect was seen below 120 K. The dominance of the high-Tc phase over the low-Tc phase was roughly estimated at 9/1 in volume.
TL;DR: It was found that the maximal phagocytosis of polystyrene and phenylated polyacrolein microspheres took place when their size was in the range 1.0-2.0 microns.
TL;DR: A rat kidney messenger RNA that induces a slowly activating, voltage-dependent potassium current on its expression in Xenopus oocytes was identified by combining molecular cloning with an electrophysiological assay.
Abstract: A rat kidney messenger RNA that induces a slowly activating, voltage-dependent potassium current on its expression in Xenopus oocytes was identified by combining molecular cloning with an electrophysiological assay. The cloned complementary DNA encodes a novel membrane protein that consists of 130 amino acids with a single putative transmembrane domain. This protein differs from the known ion channel proteins but is involved in the induction of selective permeation of potassium ions by membrane depolarization.
TL;DR: A "cusp-type catastrophe" among the radial electric field, particle flux, and edge gradients is found at the transition of tokamak plasmas, indicating a critical edge condition for the transition.
Abstract: A new model of $L$- to $H$-mode transition in tokamak plasmas is presented. Nonambipolar particle losses determine the consistent radial electric field near plasma periphery. A "cusp-type catastrophe" among the radial electric field, particle flux, and edge gradients is found. At the transition, plasma loss can take multiple values for one profile of density and temperature near the edge. A critical edge condition for the transition is obtained.
TL;DR: In this article, the temporal development of the spatial distribution of air temperature across the canyon together with the airflow and stability conditions for a complete day is analyzed. And the canyon air remains unstable during the nocturnal cooling period in the summer in Japan.
TL;DR: In this article, a transect of seven sites across the Tyrrhenian Sea, the youngest of the sub-basins of the Mediterranean Sea, was used to study the rifting and subsidence of the Sardinia passive continental margin.
Abstract: Leg 107 of the Ocean Drilling Program drilled a west-northwest-east-southeast transect of seven sites across the Tyrrhenian Sea, the youngest of the sub-basins of the Mediterranean Sea. Sites 654, 653, 652, and 656 document the rifting and subsidence of the Sardinia passive continental margin. On the upper margin (Site 654), we cored a classic transgressive sequence: subaerial conglomerates, overlain by oyster-bearing sands, overlain by marine marl. Comparison between the recovered lithologies and seismic reflection profiles suggests that the synrift sediments on the upper margin are Tortonian (late Miocene) to Messinian (latest Miocene) in age, whereas synrift sediments on the lower margin are Messinian to Pliocene in age. During the Messinian desiccation of the Mediterranean, Sites 654 and 653, now on the upper Sardinian margin, apparently occupied a basinal setting, where they received nannoplankton-bearing clays interbedded with laminated gypsum. Sites 656 and 652, now on the lower Sardinia margin, were apparently higher standing during the desiccation event; their Messinian facies are subaerial and lacustrine, respectively. We infer from these lines of evidence that tilting and subsidence occurred more than a million years earlier on the upper margin than on the lower margin. Such diachroneity can be interpreted in terms of migration of the zone of maximum extension above a "rolling-back" subduction zone, or in terms of extension of continental crust, by shear along a deep "detachment fault."
Sites 655, 651, and 650 were drilled into two small basalt-floored basins of the central and eastern Tyrrhenian. Emplacement of basaltic crust in the central Tyrrhenian (Vavilov Basin) apparently began more than a million years before, emplacement of basaltic crust in the eastern Tyrrhenian (Marsili Basin). This observation is compatible with previous suggestions that the Tyrrhenian has grown southeastward in response to "rollback" of the down-going slab that currently dips northwestward under the toe of Italy. At the easternmost site, high vesicularity of the basalt and benthic foram assemblages in the oldest sediments imply that the basalt erupted in water shallower than 2,500 m. It has apparently subsequently subsided to its present depth of >4,100 m below sea level nearly three times as fast as normal subsidence of crust formed at a mid-ocean ridge.
TL;DR: It is suggested that interleukin-6 stimulates the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone through the corticotropin-releasing hormone and is possibly involved in the interaction between the neuroendocrine and immune system.
TL;DR: In this paper, a new structure model of graphite oxide has been proposed based on these facts, which consists of double carbon layers linked with each other by sp3 bonds of carbon perpendicular to the carbon network.
TL;DR: Compared the primary structure of N-cadherin with that of other molecules defined as cadherin subclasses and showed that these molecules contain common amino acid sequences throughout their entire length, which confirms the hypothesis that cadherins make a gene family.
Abstract: The neural cadherin (N-cadherin) is a Ca2+-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecule detected in neural tissues as well as in non-neural tissues. We report here the nucleotide sequence of the chicken N-cadherin cDNA and the deduced amino acid sequence. The sequence data suggest that N-cadherin has one transmembrane domain which divides the molecule into an extracellular and a cytoplasmic domain; the extracellular domain contains internal repeats of characteristic sequences. When the N-cadherin cDNA connected with virus promoters was transfected into L cells which have no endogenous N-cadherin, the transformants acquired the N-cadherin-mediated aggregating property, indicating that the cloned cDNA contained all information necessary for the cell-cell binding action of this molecule. We then compared the primary structure of N-cadherin with that of other molecules defined as cadherin subclasses. The results showed that these molecules contain common amino acid sequences throughout their entire length, which confirms our hypothesis that cadherins make a gene family.
TL;DR: The criteria proposed for the clinical diagnosis of Takayasu's disease were based on clinical and angiographic data from 108 Japanese patients, and none of the 12 patients with other aortic diseases did so.
TL;DR: The complete amino acid sequence of a third sodium channel (designated sodium channel III) from rat brain has been deduced by cloning and sequence analysis of the cDNA.
TL;DR: In this paper, a single-crystal thin film with the c axis perpendicular to the substrate plane has been grown on the (100) surface of SrTiO3 and the substrate temperature was kept below 600°C and the oxidation treatment was performed at below 500°C.
Abstract: By means of the activated reactive evaporation, YBa2Cu3O7-x single-crystal thin films with the c axis perpendicular to the substrate plane have been directly and epitaxially grown on the (100) surface of SrTiO3. The substrate temperature was kept below 600°C and the oxidation treatment was performed at below 500°C. The ac-resistive measurement for a film with 2000 A thickness gave a sharp superconducting transition, where the endpoint was 90.2 K and ΔTc(10–90%)=1.7 K. From the complex susceptibility measurement we confirmed the Meissner effect as well as the structural uniformity of the specimen.
TL;DR: The posttranscriptional regulator (p27x-III) of human T cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is located predominantly in the cell nucleolus and acts as an autonomous signal capable of directing the hybrid proteins to the cellucleolus.
TL;DR: In this paper, two kinds of external fields are applied to the system: (1) periodic force and (2) random noises, and some effects of the external fields on the mutual entrainment are studied by analyses for steady macroscopic rotation and also by numerical simulations.
Abstract: Systems of many limit cycle oscillators are studied by using a phase description of the oscillation. Each oscillator interacts with all the other oscillators uniformly and is subject to external field. Two kinds of external fields are applied to the system: (1) periodic force and (2) random noises. Some effects of the external fields on the mutual entrainment are studied by analyses for steady macroscopic rotation and also by numerical simulations.
TL;DR: The outgrowth of chicken embryonic optic axons on monolayer cultures of Neuro 2a or L cells transfected with the complementary DNA encoding chicken N-cadherin is examined to indicate that N- cadher in is used as a guide molecule for the migration of optic axon on cell surfaces.
Abstract: The dendritic branches (neurites) of developing neurons migrate along specific pathways to reach their targets. It has been suggested that this migration is guided by factors present on the surface of other neurons or glial cells1,2. The molecular nature of such factors, however, remains to be elucidated. N-cadherin is a cell-surface glycoprotein which belongs to the cadherin family of cell–cell adhesion molecules3. This adhesion molecule is expressed in various neuronal cells as well as in glial cells of the central and peripheral nervous systems in vertebrate embryos4–6 and recent immunological studies suggested that N-cadherin may play a role in guiding the migration of neurites on myotubes or astrocytes7,8. To further examine this possibility, we used a molecular-genetic approach; that is, we examined the outgrowth of chicken embryonic optic axons on monolayer cultures of Neuro 2a or L cells transfected with the complementary DNA encoding chicken N-cadherin. The data indicate that N-cadherin is used as a guide molecule for the migration of optic axons on cell surfaces.
TL;DR: In this paper, it is shown that the rain influence is originated by a rain water rivulet formation along the upper windward surface of cable, and with this rivule formation, an apparent cable cross section becomes aerodynamically unstable.
TL;DR: In this article, a new type of controller is proposed which detects the ith plant output N/sub i/ times during a period of T/sub 0/ and changes the plant inputs once during T /sub 0/.
Abstract: A new type of controller is proposed which detects the ith plant output N/sub i/ times during a period of T/sub 0/ and changes the plant inputs once during T/sub 0/. It is shown that an arbitrary state feedback can be realized by such controllers if the plant is observable. This implies, for instance, that arbitrary symmetric pole assignment is possible if the plant is controllable. It is also shown that, if the plant has no zeros at the origin, the state transition matrix of the controller itself can be set arbitrarily without changing the state feedback to be realized. That is to say, inversely expressed, any state feedback can be equivalently realized by a controller with any prescribed degree of stability. >
TL;DR: An amino acid sequence of human prepro-BNP of 134 residues has been deduced, in which a minimum bioactive unit highly homologous to porcine BNP-32 is present at the carboxy-terminus.