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Institution

Kyoto University

EducationKyoto, Japan
About: Kyoto University is a education organization based out in Kyoto, Japan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Catalysis. The organization has 85837 authors who have published 217215 publications receiving 6526826 citations. The organization is also known as: Kyōto University & Kyōto daigaku.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the kinematic constitutive equation for the drift velocity has been studied for various two-phase flow regimes, and a comparison of the model with various experimental data over various flow regimes and a wide range of flow parameters shows a satisfactory agreement.

799 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The understanding and predictive capability of transport physics and plasma confinement is reviewed from the perspective of achieving reactor-scale burning plasmas in the ITER tokamak, for both core and edge plasma regions.
Abstract: The understanding and predictive capability of transport physics and plasma confinement is reviewed from the perspective of achieving reactor-scale burning plasmas in the ITER tokamak, for both core and edge plasma regions. Very considerable progress has been made in understanding, controlling and predicting tokamak transport across a wide variety of plasma conditions and regimes since the publication of the ITER Physics Basis (IPB) document (1999 Nucl. Fusion 39 2137-2664). Major areas of progress considered here follow. (1) Substantial improvement in the physics content, capability and reliability of transport simulation and modelling codes, leading to much increased theory/experiment interaction as these codes are increasingly used to interpret and predict experiment. (2) Remarkable progress has been made in developing and understanding regimes of improved core confinement. Internal transport barriers and other forms of reduced core transport are now routinely obtained in all the leading tokamak devices worldwide. (3) The importance of controlling the H-mode edge pedestal is now generally recognized. Substantial progress has been made in extending high confinement H-mode operation to the Greenwald density, the demonstration of Type I ELM mitigation and control techniques and systematic explanation of Type I ELM stability. Theory-based predictive capability has also shown progress by integrating the plasma and neutral transport with MHD stability. (4) Transport projections to ITER are now made using three complementary approaches: empirical or global scaling, theory-based transport modelling and dimensionless parameter scaling (previously, empirical scaling was the dominant approach). For the ITER base case or the reference scenario of conventional ELMy H-mode operation, all three techniques predict that ITER will have sufficient confinement to meet its design target of Q = 10 operation, within similar uncertainties.

798 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
27 Nov 2003-Nature
TL;DR: It is shown that a spontaneous point mutation of the gene encoding an SH2 domain of ZAP-70, a key signal transduction molecule in T cells, causes chronic autoimmune arthritis in mice that resembles human RA in many aspects.
Abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which afflicts about 1% of the world population, is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease of unknown aetiology that primarily affects the synovial membranes of multiple joints. Although CD4(+) T cells seem to be the prime mediators of RA, it remains unclear how arthritogenic CD4(+) T cells are generated and activated. Given that highly self-reactive T-cell clones are deleted during normal T-cell development in the thymus, abnormality in T-cell selection has been suspected as one cause of autoimmune disease. Here we show that a spontaneous point mutation of the gene encoding an SH2 domain of ZAP-70, a key signal transduction molecule in T cells, causes chronic autoimmune arthritis in mice that resembles human RA in many aspects. Altered signal transduction from T-cell antigen receptor through the aberrant ZAP-70 changes the thresholds of T cells to thymic selection, leading to the positive selection of otherwise negatively selected autoimmune T cells. Thymic production of arthritogenic T cells due to a genetically determined selection shift of the T-cell repertoire towards high self-reactivity might also be crucial to the development of disease in a subset of patients with RA.

796 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new study shows the immunogenicity of induced pluripotent stem cells by the direct transplantation of undifferentiated cells into syngenic mice, indicating that cells differentiated from iPSCs can at least partially replace the biological functions of various organs.
Abstract: ### Immunogenicity of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Zhao et al Nature . 2011. doi:10.1038/nature10135 A new study shows the immunogenicity of induced pluripotent stem cells by the direct transplantation of undifferentiated cells into syngenic mice. The reprogramming of somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells has been reported after introducing a combination of several defined factors, such as OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC, into the cells.1 These artificially established cells are termed induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The iPSCs show unlimited growth while maintaining their potential for differentiation into various cell types of all 3 germ layers. Their pluripotency has been clearly shown by their contribution to chimeric animals and by the development of a full-term mouse during a tetraploid complementation experiment. These data also indicated that cells differentiated from iPSCs can at least partially replace the biological functions of various organs. Unlike embryonic stem cells (ESCs), iPSCs can be generated from a patient's own somatic cells. Therefore, the potential utility of iPSCs for regenerative medicine has been suggested. The development of iPSC-derived differentiated cells has been expected to provide personalized cells for cell-based therapy. However, the immunogenicity of these cells had not yet been strictly examined. Recently, Zhao et al. reported that the transplantation of immature iPSCs induced a T-cell–dependent immune response even in a syngenic mouse.2 When injected into immunodeficient mice, undifferentiated pluripotent cells grow locally, differentiate, and form teratomas that contain various cell types, including neurons, cartilage, keratinocytes, and intestinal epithelium. In this study, the authors investigated the immunoreactions …

794 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Apr 2001-Fuel
TL;DR: In this paper, a kinetic study in free catalyst transesterification of rapeseed oil was made in subcritical and supercritical methanol under different reaction conditions of temperatures and reaction times.

793 citations


Authors

Showing all 86225 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Kari Alitalo174817114231
Ralph M. Steinman171453121518
Masayuki Yamamoto1711576123028
Karl Deisseroth160556101487
Kenji Kangawa1531117110059
Takashi Taniguchi1522141110658
Ben Zhong Tang1492007116294
Takeo Kanade147799103237
Yuji Matsuzawa143836116711
Tasuku Honjo14171288428
Kenneth M. Yamada13944672136
Y. B. Hsiung138125894278
Shuh Narumiya13759570183
Kevin P. Campbell13752160854
Junji Tojo13587884615
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023234
2022679
20218,533
20208,740
20198,050
20187,932