scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Showing papers by "Kyungpook National University published in 2021"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes.
Abstract: In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field.

1,129 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review covers progress in the mass production and formation of MOFs along with future applications that are not currently well known but have high potential for new areas of MOF commercialization.

210 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Ittai Dayan1, Holger R. Roth2, Aoxiao Zhong1, Ahmed Harouni2, Amilcare Gentili, Anas Z. Abidin2, Andrew Liu2, Anthony Costa3, Bradford J. Wood4, Chien-Sung Tsai5, Chih-Hung Wang5, Chun-Nan Hsu6, C. K. Lee2, Peiying Ruan2, Daguang Xu2, Dufan Wu1, Eddie Huang2, Felipe Kitamura7, Griffin Lacey2, Gustavo César de Antônio Corradi7, Gustavo Nino, Hao-Hsin Shin8, Hirofumi Obinata, Hui Ren1, Jason C. Crane9, Jesse Tetreault2, Jiahui Guan2, John Garrett10, Joshua D. Kaggie11, Jung Gil Park12, Keith J. Dreyer1, Krishna Juluru8, Kristopher Kersten2, Marcio Aloisio Bezerra Cavalcanti Rockenbach, Marius George Linguraru13, Marius George Linguraru4, Masoom A. Haider14, Masoom A. Haider15, Meena AbdelMaseeh15, Nicola Rieke2, Pablo F. Damasceno9, Pedro Mário Cruz e Silva2, Pochuan Wang16, Sheng Xu4, Shuichi Kawano, Sira Sriswasdi17, Soo-Young Park18, Thomas M. Grist10, Varun Buch, Watsamon Jantarabenjakul17, Watsamon Jantarabenjakul19, Weichung Wang16, Won Young Tak18, Xiang Li1, Xihong Lin1, Young Joon Kwon3, Abood Quraini2, Andrew Feng2, Andrew N. Priest11, Baris Turkbey4, Benjamin S. Glicksberg3, Bernardo Bizzo, Byung Seok Kim20, Carlos Tor-Díez4, Chia-Cheng Lee5, Chia-Jung Hsu5, Chin Lin5, Chiu-Ling Lai, Christopher P. Hess9, Colin B. Compas2, Deepeksha Bhatia2, Eric K. Oermann, Evan Leibovitz, Hisashi Sasaki, Hitoshi Mori, Isaac Yang2, Jae Ho Sohn9, Krishna Nand Keshava Murthy8, Li-Chen Fu16, Matheus Ribeiro Furtado de Mendonça7, Mike Fralick, Min Kyu Kang12, Mohammad Adil2, Natalie Gangai8, Peerapon Vateekul17, Pierre Elnajjar8, Sarah E Hickman11, Sharmila Majumdar9, Shelley McLeod14, Sheridan Reed4, Stefan Gräf11, Stephanie Harmon4, Tatsuya Kodama, Thanyawee Puthanakit17, Thanyawee Puthanakit19, Tony Mazzulli14, Tony Mazzulli21, Vitor Lavor7, Yothin Rakvongthai17, Yu Rim Lee18, Yuhong Wen2, Fiona J. Gilbert11, Mona Flores2, Quanzheng Li1 
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used federated learning to predict future oxygen requirements of symptomatic patients with COVID-19 using inputs of vital signs, laboratory data and chest X-rays.
Abstract: Federated learning (FL) is a method used for training artificial intelligence models with data from multiple sources while maintaining data anonymity, thus removing many barriers to data sharing. Here we used data from 20 institutes across the globe to train a FL model, called EXAM (electronic medical record (EMR) chest X-ray AI model), that predicts the future oxygen requirements of symptomatic patients with COVID-19 using inputs of vital signs, laboratory data and chest X-rays. EXAM achieved an average area under the curve (AUC) >0.92 for predicting outcomes at 24 and 72 h from the time of initial presentation to the emergency room, and it provided 16% improvement in average AUC measured across all participating sites and an average increase in generalizability of 38% when compared with models trained at a single site using that site’s data. For prediction of mechanical ventilation treatment or death at 24 h at the largest independent test site, EXAM achieved a sensitivity of 0.950 and specificity of 0.882. In this study, FL facilitated rapid data science collaboration without data exchange and generated a model that generalized across heterogeneous, unharmonized datasets for prediction of clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19, setting the stage for the broader use of FL in healthcare. Federated learning, a method for training artificial intelligence algorithms that protects data privacy, was used to predict future oxygen requirements of symptomatic patients with COVID-19 using data from 20 different institutes across the globe.

162 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
M. Aguilar, L. Ali Cavasonza1, G. Ambrosi, Luísa Arruda  +236 moreInstitutions (34)
TL;DR: The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) is a precision particle physics detector on the International Space Station (ISS) conducting a unique, long-duration mission of fundamental physics research in space as mentioned in this paper.

159 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
S. Wehle, Iki Adachi1, Iki Adachi2, K. Adamczyk  +206 moreInstitutions (73)
TL;DR: In this article, the authors acknowledge support from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) of Japan, the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), and the Tau-Lepton Physics Research Center of Nagoya University.
Abstract: We acknowledge support from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) of Japan, the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), and the Tau-Lepton Physics Research Center of Nagoya University; the Australian Research Council including Grants No. DP180102629, No. DP170102389, No. DP170102204, No. DP150103061, No. FT130100303; Austrian Science Fund (FWF); the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Contracts No. 11435013, No. 11475187, No. 11521505, No. 11575017, No. 11675166, No. 11705209; Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Grant No. QYZDJ-SSWSLH011; the CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics (CCEPP); the Shanghai Pujiang Program under Grant No. 18PJ1401000; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic under Contract No. LTT17020; the Carl Zeiss Foundation, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, the Excellence Cluster Universe, and the VolkswagenStiftung; the Department of Science and Technology of India; the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare of Italy; National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea Grants No. 2016R1D1A1B01010135, No. 2016R1D1A1B02012900, No. 2018R1A2B3003643, No. 2018R1A6A1A06024970, No. 2018R1D1A1B07047294, No. 2019K1A3A7A09033840, No. 2019R1I1A3A01058933; Radiation Science Research Institute, Foreign Large-size Research Facility Application Supporting project, the Global Science Experimental Data Hub Center of the Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, and KREONET/GLORIAD the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education and the National Science Center; the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Agreement No. 14.W03.31.0026; University of Tabuk research Grants No. S-1440-0321, No. S-0256-1438, and No. S-0280-1439 (Saudi Arabia); the Slovenian Research Agency; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Spain; the Swiss National Science Foundation; the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan; and the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation.

147 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a sustainable synthesis of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) from banana peel waste by a simple hydrothermal method was reported, and the resulting CQDs exhibited excellent water solubility and excitation-dependent emission performance.
Abstract: Banana peel is a common solid biowaste. This paper reports a sustainable synthesis of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) from banana peel waste by a simple hydrothermal method. The resulting CQDs have a narrow size distribution, and the average particle size was measured as 5 nm. The nitrogen-containing and oxygen-containing functionalities on/in the surface of carbon structure were observed in the resulting CQDs. CQDs emit intense blue fluorescence under the excitation of UV-light (365 nm) with a good quantum yield of 20% without any surface passivation chemicals. Besides, CQDs exhibit excellent water solubility and excitation-dependent emission performance. Furthermore, the banana peel waste-derived CQDs had almost no photobleaching under UV-light irradiation for a long-time, suggesting that they have high photostability. Since no chemical reagent was involved in the synthesis of CQDs, the synthesized CQDs were confirmed to have lower toxicity for nematodes even at a high concentration of 200 μg mL−1. Because of the intense fluorescence with excellent fluorescence stability and biocompatibility, CQDs can be used for bioimaging in nematodes. The CQDs efficiently stained into the whole body of the nematodes and brightly illuminated the multicolor by varying the excitation wavelength. Therefore, fluorescent CQDs would be a great potential candidate for bioimaging applications.

123 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Albert M. Sirunyan, Armen Tumasyan, Wolfgang Adam1, Thomas Bergauer1  +2405 moreInstitutions (229)
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of the reconstruction and identification algorithms for electrons and photons with the CMS experiment at the LHC is presented, based on proton-proton collision data collected at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and recorded in 2016-2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 136 fb$^{-1}$.
Abstract: The performance is presented of the reconstruction and identification algorithms for electrons and photons with the CMS experiment at the LHC. The reported results are based on proton-proton collision data collected at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and recorded in 2016-2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 136 fb$^{-1}$. Results obtained from lead-lead collision data collected at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}=$ 5.02 TeV are also presented. Innovative techniques are used to reconstruct the electron and photon signals in the detector and to optimize the energy resolution. Events with electrons and photons in the final state are used to measure the energy resolution and energy scale uncertainty in the recorded events. The measured energy resolution for electrons produced in Z boson decays in proton-proton collision data ranges from 2 to 5%, depending on electron pseudorapidity and energy loss through bremsstrahlung in the detector material. The energy scale in the same range of energies is measured with an uncertainty smaller than 0.1 (0.3)% in the barrel (endcap) region in proton-proton collisions and better than 1 (3)% in the barrel (endcap) region in heavy ion collisions. The timing resolution for electrons from Z boson decays with the full 2016-2018 proton-proton collision data set is measured to be 200 ps.

123 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the structural changes that occur after metabolic reactions in polyphenols (curcumin, quercetin, and catechins) and their effect on GM composition were investigated.
Abstract: Polyphenols (PPs) are the naturally occurring bioactive components in fruits and vegetables, and they are the most abundant antioxidant in the human diet. Studies are suggesting that ingestion of PPs might be helpful to ameliorate metabolic syndromes that may contribute in the prevention of several chronic disorders like diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and colon cancer. PPs have structural diversity which impacts their bioavailability as they accumulate in the large intestine and are extensively metabolized through gut microbiota (GM). Intestinal microbiota transforms PPs into their metabolites to make them bioactive. Interestingly, not only GM act on PPs to metabolize them but PPs also modulate the composition of GM. Thus, change in GM from pathogenic to beneficial ones may be helpful to ameliorate gut health and associated diseases. However, to overcome the low bioavailability of PPs, various approaches have been developed to improve their solubility and transportation through the gut. In this review, we present evidence supporting the structural changes that occur after metabolic reactions in PPs (curcumin, quercetin, and catechins) and their effect on GM composition that leads to improving overall gut health and helping to ameliorate metabolic disorders.

118 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms underlying abiotic stress-induced anthocyanins in plants and their role in stress tolerance, and highlight the current progress in the development of Anthocyanin-enriched transgenic plants.
Abstract: Abiotic stresses, such as heat, drought, salinity, low temperature, and heavy metals, inhibit plant growth and reduce crop productivity. Abiotic stresses are becoming increasingly extreme worldwide due to the ongoing deterioration of the global climate and the increase in agrochemical utilization and industrialization. Plants grown in fields are affected by one or more abiotic stresses. The consequent stress response of plants induces reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are then used as signaling molecules to activate stress-tolerance mechanism. However, under extreme stress conditions, ROS are overproduced and cause oxidative damage to plants. In such conditions, plants produce anthocyanins after ROS signaling via the transcription of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. These anthocyanins are then utilized in antioxidant activities by scavenging excess ROS for their sustainability. In this review, we discuss the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms underlying abiotic stress-induced anthocyanins in plants and their role in abiotic stress tolerance. In addition, we highlight the current progress in the development of anthocyanin-enriched transgenic plants and their ability to increase abiotic stress tolerance. Overall, this review provides valuable information that increases our understanding of the mechanisms by which anthocyanins respond to abiotic stress and protect plants against it. This review also provides practical guidance for plant biologists who are engineering stress-tolerant crops using anthocyanin biosynthesis or regulatory genes.

112 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a ternary symmetric double Z-scheme LaFeO3/g-C3N4/BiFeO 3 (LCB) heterojunction nanocomposite was obtained using a wet chemical process.

110 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a hybrid technique involving pulsed laser irradiation and sonochemical processes for the production of Pd nanoparticles, NiPd alloys, and ZnO and Ag/graphene oxide composites was developed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The possible/competitive purification of water and fuel via adsorption using MOFs, especially those with various functional groups (FGs), will be discussed and the contribution of FGs such as -OH, -COOh, -SO3H, -NH2, and -NH3+ will be analyzed in detail.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Adjuvant chemotherapy after D2 gastrectomy is standard for resectable locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) in Asia as discussed by the authors, based on positive findings for perioperative chemotherapy in European ph...
Abstract: PURPOSEAdjuvant chemotherapy after D2 gastrectomy is standard for resectable locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) in Asia. Based on positive findings for perioperative chemotherapy in European ph...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been extensively studied in various ecosystems including air, soil, marine water and sediments.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors evaluated the relative regional and global importance of eight drivers of pollinator decline and ten consequent risks to human well-being using a formal expert elicitation process, and concluded that global policy responses should focus on reducing pressure from changes in land cover and configuration, land management and pesticides.
Abstract: Pollinator decline has attracted global attention and substantial efforts are underway to respond through national pollinator strategies and action plans. These policy responses require clarity on what is driving pollinator decline and what risks it generates for society in different parts of the world. Using a formal expert elicitation process, we evaluated the relative regional and global importance of eight drivers of pollinator decline and ten consequent risks to human well-being. Our results indicate that global policy responses should focus on reducing pressure from changes in land cover and configuration, land management and pesticides, as these were considered very important drivers in most regions. We quantify how the importance of drivers and risks from pollinator decline, differ among regions. For example, losing access to managed pollinators was considered a serious risk only for people in North America, whereas yield instability in pollinator-dependent crops was classed as a serious or high risk in four regions but only a moderate risk in Europe and North America. Overall, perceived risks were substantially higher in the Global South. Despite extensive research on pollinator decline, our analysis reveals considerable scientific uncertainty about what this means for human society.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a CoFe2O4@MXene/PS was used for the removal of Naproxen (NPX) from water polluted with NPX by liquid self-assembly and showed that 99.1% of NPX was degraded within 90min with the addition of 0.5 mM persulfate (PS).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a review summarizes recent studies on the removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) by advanced oxidation processes, as well as knowledge useful for applying these processes in water and wastewater treatment.
Abstract: Because of their intrinsic potential to produce metabolic effects on the human body at smaller concentrations, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are a distinct category of emerging environmental pollutants. Due to their widespread intake, limited metabolic capacity, and indecorous disposal, PPCPs pollutants are commonly found in water supplies and wastewater treatment plants. If partly oxidized PPCPs are introduced into wastewater treatment plants, they will disrupt biological wastewater treatment procedures. As a result, traditional wastewater treatment plants are inadequate for PPCPs elimination. PPCPs have been effectively eliminated using advanced oxidation methods such as electrochemical oxidation, ultrasonication, and ionizing radiation. This review summarizes recent studies on the removal of PPCPs by advanced oxidation processes, as well as knowledge useful for applying these processes in water and wastewater treatment. The degradation of different classes of PPCPs has been reviewed to analyze (i) significant factors — initial concentration of PPCPs, ultrasonication power, radiation dose, current density, temperature, pH, time, and effect of catalysts; (ii) degradation efficiency of the processes when applied in combination with other advanced oxidation methods; (iii) key factors that affect the removal of PPCPs based on their properties. In addition, suggestions for future studies on advanced oxidation methods and their limitations were discussed. Overall, this review could aid in providing an in-depth understanding of the current research trends concerning PPCPs and advanced oxidation processes.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, evidence for Higgs boson decay to a pair of muons was presented, which was performed using proton-proton collision data at 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb$−1}, recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC.
Abstract: Evidence for Higgs boson decay to a pair of muons is presented. This result combines searches in four exclusive categories targeting the production of the Higgs boson via gluon fusion, via vector boson fusion, in association with a vector boson, and in association with a top quark-antiquark pair. The analysis is performed using proton-proton collision data at $ \sqrt{s} $ = 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb$^{−1}$, recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC. An excess of events over the back- ground expectation is observed in data with a significance of 3.0 standard deviations, where the expectation for the standard model (SM) Higgs boson with mass of 125.38 GeV is 2.5. The combination of this result with that from data recorded at $ \sqrt{s} $ = 7 and 8 TeV, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 5.1 and 19.7 fb$^{−1}$, respectively, increases both the expected and observed significances by 1%. The measured signal strength, relative to the SM prediction, is $ {1.19}_{-0.39}^{+0.40}{\left(\mathrm{stat}\right)}_{-0.14}^{+0.15}\left(\mathrm{syst}\right) $. This result constitutes the first evidence for the decay of the Higgs boson to second generation fermions and is the most precise measurement of the Higgs boson coupling to muons reported to date.[graphic not available: see fulltext]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors harnessed M1 macrophage-derived exosomes engineered to foster M1 polarization and target IL4R for the inhibition of tumor growth by reprogramming TAMs into M1-like macrophages.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors quantified the drought resistance index based on the root collar diameter and assessed the correlation between species drought resistance and other morphological, physiological, and biochemical traits by regression analysis.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the feasibility of selected pharmaceutical compounds' adsorption on Ti3C2TX MXene (termed "MXene" in this study) as the first attempt was evaluated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a template-directed strategy for rapid synthesis of Pd-based (PdM, M=Pb, Sn and Cd) ultrathin porous intermetallic nanosheets with tunable sizes is presented.
Abstract: Atomically ordered intermetallic nanoparticles exhibit improved catalytic activity and durability relative to random alloy counterparts. However, conventional methods with time-consuming and high-temperature syntheses only have rudimentary capability in controlling the structure of intermetallic nanoparticles, hindering advances of intermetallic nanocatalysts. We report a template-directed strategy for rapid synthesis of Pd-based (PdM, M=Pb, Sn and Cd) ultrathin porous intermetallic nanosheets (UPINs) with tunable sizes. This strategy uses preformed seeds, which act as the template to control the deposition of foreign atoms and the subsequent interatomic diffusion. Using the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) as a model reaction, the as-synthesized Pd3 Pb UPINs exhibit superior activity, durability, and methanol tolerance. The favored geometrical structure and interatomic interaction between Pd and Pb in Pd3 Pb UPINs are concluded to account for the enhanced ORR performance.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The thermodynamic study concluded that Cr(VI) ions removal by MNP-FB was exothermic and appreciative at low temperatures and the adsorption kinetics was interpreted well by Pseudo-first order model.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify customer belief structures underlying the cognitive process of green restaurant patronage by applying the extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) model, including two additional predictors (past behavior and dining frequency) and two moderators (gender and age) to predict customers' intention to visit green restaurants.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, Li recovery by electrodialysis (ED) and electro-sorption processes (CDI) is reviewed with a focus on performance matrices and includes comments on the technology readiness of each separation technique.

Journal ArticleDOI
Albert M. Sirunyan1, Armen Tumasyan1, Wolfgang Adam, Thomas Bergauer  +2353 moreInstitutions (175)
TL;DR: In this article, a search for leptoquarks produced singly and in pairs in proton-proton collisions is presented, where the lepton is considered to be a scalar particle of charge −1/3e coupling to a top quark plus a tau lepton ( t τ ) or a bottom quark including a neutrino ( b ν ), or a vector particle of a charge +2/3 e coupling to t ν or b τ.

Journal ArticleDOI
Albert M. Sirunyan1, Armen Tumasyan1, Wolfgang Adam, J. W. Andrejkovic  +2404 moreInstitutions (215)
TL;DR: In this paper, a data set of proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at s = 13 TeV from 2016 to 2018 corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of up to 140 fb−1 is analyzed.
Abstract: A search is presented for physics beyond the standard model (SM) using electron or muon pairs with high invariant mass. A data set of proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at s = 13 TeV from 2016 to 2018 corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of up to 140 fb−1 is analyzed. No significant deviation is observed with respect to the SM background expectations. Upper limits are presented on the ratio of the product of the production cross section and the branching fraction to dileptons of a new narrow resonance to that of the Z boson. These provide the most stringent lower limits to date on the masses for various spin-1 particles, spin-2 gravitons in the Randall-Sundrum model, as well as spin-1 mediators between the SM and dark matter particles. Lower limits on the ultraviolet cutoff parameter are set both for four-fermion contact interactions and for the Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos, and Dvali model with large extra dimensions. Lepton flavor universality is tested at the TeV scale for the first time by comparing the dimuon and dielectron mass spectra. No significant deviation from the SM expectation of unity is observed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a 96-well assay that integrates the enrichment of EVs by antibody-coated magnetic beads and the electrochemical detection, in less than one hour of total assay time, of EV-bound proteins after enzymatic amplification was presented.
Abstract: Assays for cancer diagnosis via the analysis of biomarkers on circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) typically have lengthy sample workups, limited throughput or insufficient sensitivity, or do not use clinically validated biomarkers. Here we report the development and performance of a 96-well assay that integrates the enrichment of EVs by antibody-coated magnetic beads and the electrochemical detection, in less than one hour of total assay time, of EV-bound proteins after enzymatic amplification. By using the assay with a combination of antibodies for clinically relevant tumour biomarkers (EGFR, EpCAM, CD24 and GPA33) of colorectal cancer (CRC), we classified plasma samples from 102 patients with CRC and 40 non-CRC controls with accuracies of more than 96%, prospectively assessed a cohort of 90 patients, for whom the burden of tumour EVs was predictive of five-year disease-free survival, and longitudinally analysed plasma from 11 patients, for whom the EV burden declined after surgery and increased on relapse. Rapid assays for the detection of combinations of tumour biomarkers in plasma EVs may aid cancer detection and patient monitoring.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a soft and transparent contact lens for the quantitative monitoring of intraocular pressure (IOP) in real time using a smartphone was proposed, and tested in humans and rabbits.
Abstract: Continuous detection of raised intraocular pressure (IOP) could benefit the monitoring of patients with glaucoma. Current contact lenses with embedded sensors for measuring IOP are rigid, bulky, partially block vision or are insufficiently sensitive. Here, we report the design and testing in volunteers of a soft and transparent contact lens for the quantitative monitoring of IOP in real time using a smartphone. The contact lens incorporates a strain sensor, a wireless antenna, capacitors, resistors, stretchable metal interconnects and an integrated circuit for wireless communication. In rabbits, the lens provided measurements that match those of a commercial tonometer. In ten human participants, the lens proved to be safe, and reliably provided accurate quantitative measurements of IOP without inducing inflammation.

Journal ArticleDOI
Somnath Choudhury1, S. Sandilya2, S. Sandilya1, K. Trabelsi3  +261 moreInstitutions (83)
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured the branching fractions for the decays B → Kμ+μ− and B → Ke+e−, and their ratio (RK), using a data sample of 711 fb−1 that contains 772 × 106 $$ B\overline{B} $$ events.
Abstract: We present measurements of the branching fractions for the decays B → Kμ+μ− and B → Ke+e−, and their ratio (RK), using a data sample of 711 fb−1 that contains 772 × 106 $$ B\overline{B} $$ events. The data were collected at the ϒ(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e− collider. The ratio RK is measured in five bins of dilepton invariant-mass-squared (q2): q2 ∈ (0.1, 4.0), (4.00, 8.12), (1.0, 6.0), (10.2, 12.8) and (> 14.18) GeV2/c4, along with the whole q2 region. The RK value for q2 ∈ (1.0, 6.0) GeV2/c4 is $$ {1.03}_{-0.24}^{+0.28} $$ ± 0.01. The first and second uncertainties listed are statistical and systematic, respectively. All results for RK are consistent with Standard Model predictions. We also measure CP-averaged isospin asymmetries in the same q2 bins. The results are consistent with a null asymmetry, with the largest difference of 2.6 standard deviations occurring for the q2 ∈ (1.0, 6.0) GeV2/c4 bin in the mode with muon final states. The measured differential branching fractions, $$ d\mathrm{\mathcal{B}} $$ /dq2, are consistent with theoretical predictions for charged B decays, while the corresponding values are below the expectations for neutral B decays. We have also searched for lepton-flavor-violating B → Kμ±e∓ decays and set 90% confidence-level upper limits on the branching fraction in the range of 10−8 for B+ → K+μ±e∓, and B0 → K0μ±e∓ modes.