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Showing papers by "Kyushu University published in 1970"


Journal ArticleDOI
T. Fujii1, M Takeuchi1, Motoo Fujii1, K Suzaki1, H Uehara1 
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of experimental investigations on natural-convection heat transfer from the outer surface of a vertical cylinder one metre high to water, spindle oil and Mobiltherm oil are described.

174 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A possibility that a fourth neuron in the labellar hair chemosensory cell might be a protein or an amino acid receptor cell was eliminated and four main classes of amino acids were divided into.
Abstract: The effects of amino acids on the labellar hair chemosensory cells were examined with two kinds of flies (the fleshfly, Boettcherisca peregrina, and the blowfly, Phormia regina). As a result of this examination, the effects of amino acids were divided into four main classes. Amino acids in class 1 did not stimulate any chemoreceptor cell. Amino acids in class 2 inhibited nonspecifically the discharges from three kinds of chemosensory cells. Amino acids in class 3 stimulated the salt receptor cell. Amino acids in class 4 stimulated the sugar receptor cell. A possibility that a fourth neuron in the labellar hair chemosensory cell might be a protein or an amino acid receptor cell was eliminated.

113 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that on Hirado the increased reproductivity of the consanguineous marriage largely offsets the increased mortality among the issue from such unions, and thereby dampens the rate of elimination of deleterious genes and the loss of genetic variability.
Abstract: A census of Hirado, Japan in the summer of 1964 produced data on the reproductive performances of husbands and wives for 10,530 marriages where either the husband, the wife, or both were alive and residing in the city at the time of the census. Approximately one in every 6 of these marriages involves spouses who are biologically related to one another, and in some 10 per cent of marriages the husband, wife, or both are inbred. Analysis of the effects of length of cohabitation, socio-economic status, and consanguinity and inbreeding on total pregnancies, total livebirths, and “net fertility” (total livebirths minus non-accidental deaths in the first 21 years of life) revealed the following insofar as marriages contracted in the years 1920–1939 are concerned: 1. Total pregnancies and total livebirths were significantly increased with consanguinity, but “net fertility” was not when allowance is made for the role of socio-economic factors, and religious affiliation is ignored. The latter finding is thought to reflect the increased risk of death to liveborn children born to consanguineous marriages. Among Buddhists, the only religious group large enough to warrant separate analysis, total pregnancies, total livebirths and “net fertility” are all significantly and positively associated with parental relationship. However, the regression coefficient associated with “net fertility” is less than half the value associated with either total pregnancies or total livebirths. 2. Among non-farm marriages, all three measures of reproductivity were increased significantly with paternal inbreeding when religious affiliation is ignored or restricted to Buddhists. Among farm marriages, these measures were decreased but not always significantly so. Tests of the significance of the differences between farm and non-farm groups were almost invariably significant. No simple explanation other than chance can be advanced for this finding. 3. total pregnancies and total livebirths, but not “net fertility” increase significantly with maternal inbreeding among non-farm marriages; within farm marriages these three metrics also increase, but significantly so only in the case of total livebirths. It is suggested that on Hirado the increased reproductivity of the consanguineous marriage largely offsets the increased mortality among the issue from such unions, and thereby dampens the rate of elimination of deleterious genes and the loss of genetic variability.

108 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Hans Lüders1
TL;DR: A selective sensitivity of the different functional units of the somatosensory evoked potential to the aging process is suggested, suggesting a selectiveensitivity of the classical positive-negative primary response, association response, first late component and “V” potential.

100 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was concluded that the spike activity in the taenia and in the Ureter of the guinea pig is due to Ca entry, that the plateau component in the ureter was due to an increase in the Na conductance of the membrane, and that both mechanisms, for the spike and for the plateau, are separately controlled by Ca bound in the membrane.
Abstract: The configuration of the electrotonic potential and the action potential observed by the double sucrose-gap method was similar to that observed with a microelectrode inserted into a cell in the center pool between the gaps. In the taenia and the ureter, the evoked spike was larger in low Na or in Na-free (sucrose substitute) solution than in normal solution. However, the plateau component in the ureter was suppressed in the absence of Na. In Ca-free solution containing Mg (3–5 mM) and Na (137 mM), the membrane potential and membrane resistance were normal, but no spike could be elicited in both the taenia and ureter. Replacement of Ca with Sr did not affect the spike in the taenia, nor the spike component of the ureter but prolonged the plateau component. The prolonged plateau disappeared on removal of Na, while repetitive spikes could still be evoked. It was concluded that the spike activity in the taenia and in the ureter of the guinea pig is due to Ca entry, that the plateau component in the ureter is due to an increase in the Na conductance of the membrane, and that both mechanisms, for the spike and for the plateau, are separately controlled by Ca bound in the membrane.

99 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggest that the mechanism of DNA digestion by the enzyme appears to be the one-by-one type, which is similar to that observed with pancreatic DNase.

91 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: For any Prandtl number and for arbitrary vertical temperature or heat flux distribution at the cylinder surface, local heat transfer coefficients are represented non-dimensionally by the following approximate formulae as mentioned in this paper.

90 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The long held impression that the composition of gallstones in Japan is gradually changing from the once predominant bile pigment to cholesterol, thus approaching that of the West, has been confirmed by actual chemical analysis of gallstone samples collected forty years apart.
Abstract: Summary The long held impression that the composition of gallstones in Japan is gradually changing from the once predominant bile pigment to cholesterol, thus approaching that of the West, has been confirmed by actual chemical analysis of gallstone samples collected forty years apart Factors responsible for this change are not clearly known at present, but may include the rapidly proceeding urbanization and changing food habits in postwar Japan These two groups of stones, that is, cholesterol stone and bile pigment stone, should be considered as two separate entities having different etiologies, and operative treatment should therefore be instituted accordingly

88 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the Curie temperature varies almost linearly with the biasing field with the coefficient of 0.19°/kV/cm, while the spontaneous polarization and coercive field determined from the hysteresis loop are 6.5×10 -8 coul/cm 2 and 60 V/cm respectively at 80°K.
Abstract: The behaviours of the various dielectric properties and specific heat of potassium selenate, K 2 SeO 4 , have been studied with particular reference to the transitions at 129.5°K and 93°K. Below 93°K the crystal is ferroelectric along the c axis. The spontaneous polarization and coercive field determined from the hysteresis loop are 6.5×10 -8 coul/cm 2 and 60 V/cm respectively at 80°K. The curve of dielectric constant vs temperature obeys the Curie-Weiss law above the Curie point and the Curie constants for warming and cooling processes are 27°K and 30°K respectively. The Curie temperature varies almost linearly with the biasing field with the coefficient of 0.19°/kV/cm. Effects of the γ-radiation on the dielectric behaviour are observed. Discontinuity of the specific heat of about 2.3 cal/mol·deg has found at the transition of 129.5°K. Anomaly at the transition of 93°K is very small. The transition energy and the entropy change are estimated to be of the order of 0.5 cal/mol and 5×10 -3 cal/mol·deg of le...

74 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggest that the T4-induced dimer-excising activity may be concerned with dark repair of ultraviolet-damaged DNA in vivo, compatible with the finding in vivo that the v + gene product enhances the survival of not only T4 but also T2 and E. coli exposed to ultraviolet radiation.

69 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is likely that enzyme(s) responsible for excision of dimers is induced by infection with T4, and the excision in vitro is similar to the reaction observed in vivo in ultraviolet-resistant cells.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that morphine is common in rabbits, guinea pigs, rats, mice and human, and as a minor metabolite of morphine, normorphine was also detected in the urine samples of these species by thin-layer chromatography.
Abstract: In the previous study of this series, morphine was shown to be metabolized not only to morphine-3-glucuronide, but also to morphine-6-glucuronide in rabbits. The present study have demonstrated that this is common in rabbits, guinea pigs, rats, mice and human. As a minor metabolite of morphine, normorphine was also detected in the urine samples of these species by thin-layer chromatography. However, the excretion of this metabolite into the urine of guinea pigs given morphine was not conclusive, since the similar spot was also observed on the thin-layer chromatogram of the urine extract from untreated animals. Quantitative estimation of major metabolites of morphine in the urine of rabbits and guinea pigs indicated that most of the dose was accounted for as conjugated morphine, but in rats morphine was excreted mostly as free morphine and in lesser amount as the conjugates in 24 hr urine.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the rotational constants of the 3-chloropropene molecule in two rotameric forms, cis and skew, were determined, and they were attributed to steric repulsion between the chlorine atom and the vinyl group.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The ultrastructure of the innervation of the anterior cerebral artery of the rat was studied in control animals and in animals after superior cervical ganglionectomy.
Abstract: The ultrastructure of the innervation of the anterior cerebral artery of the rat was studied in control animals and in animals after superior cervical ganglionectomy.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the microwave spectra of CH2F2 was investigated in detail to determine the centrifugal distortion constants: τaaaa = −2.3049 ± 0.0041, τbbbb = −0.06064 ± 0.00091, τcccccc = − 0.02653 ± 0.,00071, T1 = 0.036 ± 0,016, and T2 = −1.0327 ± 0..016.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a small effect of the Coriolis interaction between the ν1 and ν3 vibrations was observed on the λ3 spectrum, the analysis of which gave | ζ13(x) | = 0.37 ± 0.04 and the l-type doubling constant q3 was determined to be 42.325 MHz.



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The physiological roles of the fundus of the stomach was discussed in relation to the properties of the muscle membrane and the rectifying property of the membrane was suppressed.
Abstract: 1. The electrical properties of the longitudinal muscle of the guinea-pig fundus were investigated with the microelectrode method.2. The membrane potential was -58.1 mV, the space constant of the membrane was 2.2 mm and the time constant of the membrane was 130 msec. The cable equations could be applied to this tissue.3. When the current-voltage relation was observed by applications of weak inward and outward current pulses, the rectifying property of the membrane was observed.4. Application of strong intensity of inward current pulses to the membrane produced an electrotonic potential with an initial transient phase which was gradually reduced in amplitude to a steady level. Application of outward. current pulses to the membrane produced an electrotonic potential which gradually increased in amplitude to a steady level.5. Decrease and increase in amplitude of the electrotonic potential during application of strong inward and outward current pulses was mainly due to increased and decreased K-conductance of the membrane respectively, since the above effects were not influenced by either Na-free (tris) Krebs or NO3- and C6H5SO3- Krebs solution.6. A spike of ‘all or none’ type could not be recorded from all muscle fibres but abortive spikes could often be recorded. Some of the muscle fibres did not produce an active response.7. On treatment with TEA (3-5 mM), the rectifying property of the membrane was suppressed, and the generated spike was the ‘all or none’ type. The rate of rise of the spike was not affected, but the rate of fall of the spike was markedly reduced.8. The conduction of excitation from the fundus to the pylorus was often incomplete. On treatment with TEA, conduction of the excitation was not decremental.9. The physiological roles of the fundus of the stomach was discussed in relation to the properties of the muscle membrane.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The observations indicate that papaverine, like Mg, may bind with a site at the membrane with which Ca normally binds, thereby modifying the electrical and mechanical activity controlled by Ca.
Abstract: 1. Effects of papaverine (5 × 10-6-5 × 10-5M) were studied on the spontaneous and evoked electrical and mechanical activity of the guinea-pig taenia coli. In normal Locke solution, papaverine slowed and finally stopped the spontaneous spike discharge, usually with a small hyperpolarization of a few mV. 2. Papaverine did not change the membrane resistance in normal Locke solution. It abolished the repetitive firing of spikes during the depolarization in response to a current pulse, but a single spike of normal amplitude could always be evoked. 3. The mechanical response elicited by a single spike was reduced by papaverine in normal Locke solution. During the maintained depolarization produced by a long current pulse the tonic component of the contraction was more reduced than the phasic component related to the initial spike activity. 4. The effects of papaverine were essentially the same as in normal Locke solution when NaCl was replaced with LiCl, or in excess K (24 mM), except that the membrane resistance was increased by papaverine in the presence of excess K. 5. Excess Ca (6 mM) antagonized the effect of papaverine on the mechanical response, but not on the electrical response. When the muscle was depolarized in Ca-free solution, papaverine caused repolarization of the membrane and electrical activity reappeared. This effect was similar to that of Mg (4 mM). 6. The mechanism by which papaverine suppresses the spontaneous spike activity is discussed and is compared with that of isoprenaline, from which it appears to differ. The observations indicate that papaverine, like Mg, may bind with a site at the membrane with which Ca normally binds, thereby modifying the electrical and mechanical activity controlled by Ca.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Of nucleoside triphosphates tested, ATP and dATP are most effective, and dCTP is inactive, while other nucleosid triph phosphates are relatively feeble, and the role of nucleotide during the reaction has been investigated in detail.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is evident from the results that the acid mucopolysaccharide pattern of periodontal membrane is similar to that of tendon.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The upper branch of the polariton dispersion curve has been experimentally obtained by measuring the thermal emission spectra of thin films of LiF at oblique emission angles.
Abstract: The upper branch of the polariton dispersion curve has been experimentally obtained by measuring the thermal emission spectra of thin films of LiF at oblique emission angles. The formulation based on the virtual mode theory is given for determination of the dispersion relation. The dispersion curve has been obtained from the resonance frequency and width of the thermal emission due to 0 T H mode which is the lowest mode at higher frequency region than LO frequency. Measurements have been performed at temperatures 420°K and 650° and at emission angles ranging from 45° to 80°. The results agree fairly well with the theory.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Basic and clinical applications of a newly developed apparatus for the measurement of body movement has been made and it can be used for psychiatric, ophthalmologic, otologic, and psychological research.
Abstract: 1. Basic and clinical applications of a newly developed apparatus for the measurement of body movement has been made.2. Some correlations have been found between body weight and height.3. The pattern of body movement is influenced by visual sensation and the mental state. A man with high anxiety state usually showed a large fluctuation. 4. As the pattern is increased in fatigue, this apparatus can be used as an index of fatigue examination.5. As the pattern is influenced greatly by alcohol intake, it can be used to determine degree of intoxication.6. It can be used for psychiatric, ophthalmologic, otologic, and psychological research.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a stereochemical scheme of propagation was proposed for polymerization of vinyl and related monomers by Friedel-Crafts catalysts, which can satisfactorily explain the effects of substituents, catalysts and polymerization media on the steric structure of polymers in cationic polymerization.
Abstract: A stereochemical scheme of propagation was proposed for polymerizations of vinyl and related monomers by Friedel-Crafts catalysts. For the cationic propagation proceeding via the simple carbonium ion pair, the following two factors were considered to be of primary importance in determining the steric course of propagation: (1) the conformation of the last two units of the propagating polymer segment and the direction of approach of the incoming monomer; (2) the tightness of the growing ion pair. Thus, the front-side (less hindered site) attack to the carbonium ion gives rise to a syndiotactic placement and the back-side attack an isotactic placement. The present model can satisfactorily explain the effects of substituents, catalysts, polymerization media, and polymerization temperature on the steric structure of polymers in cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers. Extension of the scheme to polymerization of the β-substituted vinyl ethers in nonpolar solvents predicts formation of the diisotactic structures consistent with the experimental result. The influences of the polymerization condition on the steric structure of polymer were studied for cationic polymerizations of α-methylstyrene at low temperatures. Highly syndiotactic polymers were obtained for homogeneous reactions in toluene-rich media. The isotactic unit increased by increasing the content of methylcyclohexane in the solvent mixture. The effect of catalysts, though insignificant in toluene-rich media, was clearly noted in methylcyclohexane-rich media, less active catalysts (e.g., SnCl4) yielding higher amounts of the isotactic unit than more active catalysts (e.g., AlCl3). These results can be readily accommodated in the present model.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Apr 1970-Talanta
TL;DR: The correlation between the absorbance at a fixed wave-length of a betaine dye in an organic solvent and the water content of the same solvent has been investigated and the possibility of determining a trace amount of water in anorganic solvent is demonstrated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a number of oxo anions of phosphorus which contain one to four phosphorus atoms in the molecule were eluted with potassium chloride solutions on Sephadex columns.