Showing papers by "Kyushu University published in 1980"
TL;DR: It is suggested that, in the coding regions surrounding the splicing points of intervening sequences ofβ-globin genes, there exist rigid secondary structures that show the slowing down of evolutionary rates of both synonymous and amino acid substitutions in the primate line.
Abstract: A method for estimating the evolutionary rates of synonymous and amino acid substitutions from homologous nucleotide sequences is presented. This method is applied to genes of oX174 and G4 genomes, histone genes andβ-globin genes, for which homologous nucleotide sequences are available for comparison to be made. It is shown that the rates of synonymous substitutions are quite uniform among the non-overlapping genes of oX174 and G4 and among histone genes H4, H2B, H3 and H2A. A comparison between oX174 and G4 reveals that, in the overlapping segments of the A-gene, the rate of synonymous substitution is reduced more significantly than the rate of amino acid substitution relative to the corresponding rate in the nonoverlapping segment. It is also suggested that, in the coding regions surrounding the splicing points of intervening sequences ofβ-globin genes, there exist rigid secondary structures. It is in only these regions that theβ-globin genes show the slowing down of evolutionary rates of both synonymous and amino acid substitutions in the primate line.
356 citations
TL;DR: The Japanese Research Society for Portal Hypertension proposes the following General Rule for Recording Findings on Esophageal Varices obtained by fiberoptic endoscopy: endoscopic diagnoses are to be made by inspection with the naked eye; photographs taken during the examination are not to be used as the basis for classification.
Abstract: The Japanese Research Society for Portal Hypertension proposes the following General Rule for Recording Findings on Esophageal Varices obtained by fiberoptic endoscopy. This proposal is based on an agreement of the members, reached on the 12th Annual Meeting of the Society held on the 28th day of June, 1979 in Osaka. These rules are applicable only for recordings on esophageal varices obtained by fiberoptic endoscopy; they do not apply in recording gastric varices. Endoscopic diagnoses are to be made by inspection with the naked eye; photographs taken during the examination are not to be used as the basis for classification. Findings are to be classified into four main categories, i.e. Fundamental Color, Red Color Sign, Form, and Location.
314 citations
248 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a new method was developed to measure the saturation magnetostriction of a thin amorphous ribbon based on the use of small-angle magnetization rotation, which measured the change in anisotropy field caused by the tensile stress.
Abstract: A new method was developed to measure the saturation magnetostriction of a thin amorphous ribbon. It is based on the use of small-angle magnetization rotation to measure the change in anisotropy field caused by the tensile stress. Measurements have been performed on Metglas 2826, 2605, and Co-Si-B amorphous ribbons. The maximum experimental error of the measurement was estimated to be about ±5 percent. It is shown that the sensitivity of the method depends on the shape anisotropy field. The estimated sensitivity was about 2 × 10-7for Metglas 2826 ribbon with 1.8 mm × 40 μm × 12 cm in dimensions.
235 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a multivariate generalization of a one-sided test was proposed, where the null hypothesis that /K lies on the boundary of a convex polyhedral cone determined by linear inequalities was considered.
Abstract: SUMMARY In this paper we propose a new multivariate generalization of a one-sided test in a way different from that of Kudo (1963). Let X be a p-variate normal random variable with the mean vector , and a known covariance matrix. We consider the null hypothesis that /K lies on the boundary of a convex polyhedral cone determined by linear inequalities; the alternative is that , lies in its interior. A two-sided version is also discussed. This paper provides likelihood ratio tests and some applications along with some discussion of the geometry of convex polyhedral cones.
230 citations
223 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that rigid microfibrils of wholly aromatic polyamides such as poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA), poly-p-benzamide (PBA), and their block copolymers with blocks of nylon 6 or nylon 66 were dispersed in a matrix of nylon 2 or nylon 6.
Abstract: As an extension of reinforcing principles of composite materials in which macroscopic fibers are dispersed in a ductile matrix, rigid microfibrils of wholly aromatic polyamides such as poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA), poly-p-benzamide (PBA), and their block copolymers with blocks of nylon 6 or nylon 66 were dispersed in a matrix of nylon 6 or nylon 66. On blending polyaramides with aliphatic polyamides, the spherulitic texture disappeared and a locally birefringent homogeneous texture was obtained. Electron microscopy revelaed that microfibrils of PPTA with diameter of 15-30 nm were dispersed in a fractured surface of the polymer composite. Strong interaction between the fibril surface and the matrix was suggested by the fact that the crystallization of matrix polyamides was induced by the rigid polyaramides. Wide-angle x-ray diffraction intensity curves, DSC curves of cooling process from the melt, and isothermal crystallization curves indicated a marked tendency for induced crystalliza...
207 citations
TL;DR: A very rapid and sensitive method for the fluorometric assays of hydrogen peroxide and the peroxidase was established by using 3-( p -hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid as the best of these substrates.
195 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the mechanism for crystal transformation in poly(vinylidene fluoride) by a tensile deformation at atmospheric pressure was investigated in the temperature range 25-150 °C.
181 citations
TL;DR: The number of spines along the apical dendrites of the pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal and cingulate gyri were counted on Golgi preparations of the brains of seven cases of Down's syndrome; they did not show neuropathological senile changes as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The number of spines along the apical dendrites of the pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal and cingulate gyri were counted on Golgi preparations of the brains of seven cases of Down's syndrome; they did not show neuropathological senile changes. The number of spines in the middle and distal segments of the apical dendrites of Down's syndrome group were significantly fewer than in those of the control group. The number of spines in aged noncharacteristics mentally retarded cases were not decreased compared with the controls. The diminution of spines in Down's syndrome is considered to be rather specific in this condition and is not a common finding in other types of mental retardation. It might also be one of the early changes of dendritic degeneration related to senile plaque formation.
168 citations
TL;DR: The proposed technique can be used to estimate Pmax from a single ejecting beat by fitting the equation to the isovolumic portions of the pressure curve of ejecting contractions.
Abstract: The relationship between peak isovolumic developed pressure (Pmax) and end-diastolic volume can indicate ventricular contractility. Therefore, we propose a practical method to estimate Pmax from the pressure curve of an ejecting contraction of left ventricle. For the estimation, we first considered the left ventricle a linear time varying hydromotive pressure source (HMP(t)) coupled in series with an internal impedance. To formulate the HMP(t) we Fourier analyzed isovolumic pressure curves obtained under various conditions in six dogs. Since the higher order harmonics were found to be very small, HMP(t) could be described simply as where Pd = end-diastolic pressure and w = 2/T in which T is duration of contraction. Finally, HMP(t) for ejecting contraction was estimated by fitting the equation to the isovolumic portions of the pressure curve of ejecting contractions. The estimated Pmax values correlated well with actually observed Pmax values (r = 0.951, N = 24). We conclude that the proposed technique can be used to estimate Pmax from a single ejecting beat.
TL;DR: It was made clear that the DF-expression is a very effective technique as a data compression for binary pictorial patterns not only because it yields high data compression but also because its coding and decoding algorithms are very feasible.
Abstract: A method of representing a binary pictorial pattern is developed. Its original idea comes from a sequence of terminal symbols of a context-free grammar. It is a promising technique of data compression for ordinary binary-valued pictures such as texts, documents, charts, etc. Fundamental notions like complexity, primitives, simplifications, and other items about binary-valued pictures are introduced at the beginning. A simple context-free grammar G is also introduced. It is shown that every binary-valued picture is interpretable as a terminal sequence of that G. The DF-expression is defined as the reduced terminal sequence of G. It represents the original picture in every detail and contains no surplus data for reproducing it. A quantitative discussion about the total data of a DF-expression leads to the conclusion that any binary-valued picture with complexity less than 0.47 is expressed by the DF-expression with fewer data than the original ones. The coding algorithm of original data into the DF-expression is developed. It is very simple and recursively executable. Experiments were carried out using a PDS (photo digitizing system), where test pictures were texts, charts, diagrams, etc. with 20 cm × 20 cm size. Data compression techniques in facsimile were also simulated on the same test pictures. Throughout these studies it was made clear that the DF-expression is a very effective technique as a data compression for binary pictorial patterns not only because it yields high data compression but also because its coding and decoding algorithms are very feasible.
TL;DR: A mathematical model is constructed to explain a density-dependent increase in the progeny sex ratios of gregarious parasitoids and the effects of α and preferential death by female progeny in doubly parasitized hosts are considered as factors responsible for an excess number of males at emergence.
Abstract: A mathematical model is constructed to explain a density-dependent increase in the progeny sex ratios of gregarious parasitoids. In the model we considered non-cooperative game between females concerned with their own inclusive fitness. Equilibrium progeny sex ratios of the first and second females ovipositing on the same host are expressed in terms of the probability of double parasitism (p), the ratio of a male to a female in contribution to resource competition (α), the clutch size ratio between the two females (β), the crowding effect on female reproductive success (γ), and the inbreeding coefficient (f). Major predictions from the model are: 1) the progeny sex ratios of both the first and second females increase withp, 2) as β becomes smaller, the progeny sex ratios of the first females decrease, while those of the second females dramatically increases, 3) when a host is attacked by at most two wasps, the sex ratio of the total number of eggs laid on the host does not exceed 0.25. The effects of α and preferential death by female progeny in doubly parasitized hosts are considered as factors responsible for an excess number of males at emergence. Some possible modes of density-dependent increase in the sex ratios of the overall progeny populations is also discussed on the basis of the present model.
TL;DR: In this paper, the power spectra of typical sets of ocean wave data obtained in the open ocean using a cloverleaf buoy are analyzed to determine an idealized form for the spectrum of ocean surface waves.
Abstract: The power spectra of typical sets of ocean wave data obtained in the open ocean using a cloverleaf buoy are analyzed to determine an idealized form for the spectrum of ocean surface waves. It is shown that most of the single-peaked spectra observed in a generation area can be described well by the spectral form of the JONSWAP type. Two parameters α and γ characterizing the spectral form are calculated for each spectrum measured. Their relations to the dimensionless peak frequency fm (=fmU/g) are then determined. These relations are further converted into fetch relations for α and γ through a relation between f and a dimensionless fetch F (=gF/U2). Another spectral form proposed by Toba (1978) is examined and shown to fit as well to the observed spectra at high frequencies This fact shows quasi-equivalence of the JONSWAP spectrum and Toba's spectrum in the high-frequency range. On the basis of the agreements of both spectral forms at high frequencies, properties of the dimensionless constant α&...
TL;DR: Hematocrit and hemoglobin concentrations of yellowtail blood elevated more than 40% just after a severe exercise by 5 min chasing, and similar phenomena were observed in a cruising experiment.
TL;DR: The afferent projections to the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus were investigated by iontophoretically infusing horseradish peroxidase into that neural region of the rat and the pathway originating in the paraventricular nucleus was the only forebrain projection to the DMN, a finding compatible with observation of other investigators.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a new microscopic theory capable by itself to select the "optimum" collective path or submanifold in the many-particle Hilbert space.
Abstract: This is the second in a series of papers which intends to develop a new microscopic theory capable by itself to select the "optimum" collective path or, more generally, the "optimum" collective submanifold in the many-particle Hilbert space. The main content of this paper consists of i) a restatement of the basic equations of the theory, derived from the fundamental principle which leads us to the "maximal decoupling" between the collective and intrinsic modes and is called the "invariance principle of the Schrodinger equation", and ii) a proposal of a method of solving the basic equations in an appropriate way for the large amplitude and highly non-linear collective vibrations about the Hartree-Fock ground state with a spherically symmetric equilibrium.
TL;DR: Separation and quantitation of glycine and taurine conjugates of commonly occurring bile acids in bile have been successfully accomplished using high-performance liquid chromatography using muBondapak C18 column and acetonitrile--methanol--phosphate buffer and ultraviolet detector at 200 nm.
TL;DR: The results suggest that 4‐ AP and procaine suppress K‐conductance of the muscle membrane, and 4‐AP but not procaine increases noradrenaline release from the nerve terminal, and intracellular free Ca concentrations are also modified by these agents.
Abstract: 1
Effects of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and procaine on the membrane and contractile properties of smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig pulmonary artery and portal vein were observed.
2
The membrane potential and length constant of smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig pulmonary artery were −53.2 mV and 1.2 mm, respectively, and those of the portal vein were −52.6 mV and 0.71 mm, respectively. The membrane was electrically quiescent in the pulmonary artery and it was electrically active in the portal vein.
3
Both 4-AP and procaine depolarized the membrane, increased the membrane resistance and suppressed the rectifying properties in both tissues. Both agents evoked a graded response from the muscle membranes of the pulmonary artery by outward current pulse. Procaine had a greater effect than 4-AP on the above membrane properties.
4
4-AP (10−5 m) produced contraction without depolarization of the membrane. The contraction evoked by 10−5 m 4-AP was completely suppressed but that evoked by 5 × 10−4 m 4-AP was only partly suppressed by phentolamine (10−7 m). However, the contraction evoked by procaine was not suppressed by phentolamine.
5
4-AP enhanced but procaine suppressed the amplitude of 118 mm [K]0-induced contraction.
6
The results suggest that 4-AP and procaine suppress K-conductance of the muscle membrane, and 4-AP but not procaine increases noradrenaline release from the nerve terminal. Presumably intracellular free Ca concentrations are also modified by these agents. The effects of 4-AP and procaine on the vascular muscle were compared with those on other excitable tissues.
TL;DR: This chapter discusses the structure of various aqueous aggregates and the catalytic action of these aggregates is presented in relation to enzyme catalysis, under the underlying theme of the hydrophobic effect.
Abstract: Publisher Summary Many biochemical processes proceed in a microheterogeneous system containing organic and aqueous phases. This chapter discusses the structure of various aqueous aggregates. The catalytic action of these aggregates is presented in relation to enzyme catalysis. The underlying theme is the hydrophobic effect. The active site of enzymes is mostly located in a hydrophobic region. Thus, the attachment of enzyme-related functional groups to the hydrophobic core of micelles provides interesting enzyme-model systems. A variety of catalytic groups such as imidazoles and thiols can be enormously activated in a hydrophobic microenvironment. A similar situation exists for coenzyme catalysis. An important area of progress is the enlargement of the scope of the structure of aqueous aggregates. This is highlighted in the chapter.
TL;DR: The present findings can be taken as indication of possible deadenylation of a population of maternal poly(A)+RNA during oocyte maturation, possible destruction of maternal RNA during gastrulation, and predominancy of newly synthesized RNA after the neurula stage.
TL;DR: In this article, the resonant interaction of three solitons in two-dimensional space is studied under the approximation of long wavelength and small but finite amplitude, and numerical solutions reveal the importance of soliton resonances in nonlinear developments of two-dimensions ion-acoustic waves.
Abstract: Nonlinear evolutions of a two-dimensional ion-acoustic wave system are studied analytically and numerically. The solution describing the resonant interaction of three solitons in two-dimensional space is obtained under the approximation of long wavelength and small but finite amplitude. Numerical solutions reveal an importance of soliton resonances in nonlinear developments of two-dimensional ion-acoustic waves.
TL;DR: Overall vascular changes of the brain, kidney, and other organs were consistent with those found in malignant hypertension.
Abstract: A light-microscopic study of various organs of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive (SHRSP) rats was performed. The rats characteristically developed fibrinoid necrosis of the wall and marked cellular thickening of the intima and media of the arterioles and small arteries of the kidney, testicle, mesentery, adrenal gland, brain, etc. Parenchymal damage of the organs, secondary to the vascular alterations took place. There were no accumulations of lipids in the vascular lesions.
TL;DR: In this article, it has been shown that the thermodynamic approach developed in Chapter II serves as a tool for elucidating the structure and properties of interfacial monolayers.
TL;DR: The increased permeability in retinal capillaries of diabetic rats preceded the thickening of the basement membrane, and seemed to play an important role in the development of diabetic retinopathy.
TL;DR: In this article, the formation of hydroxy-Al (HA) and hydroxyl-aluminosilicate (HAS) ions was studied in solutions of A1C13, orthosilicic acid and NaOH.
Abstract: Summary
Formation of hydroxy-Al (HA) and hydroxy-aluminosilicate (HAS) ions was studied in solutions of A1C13, orthosilicic acid and NaOH. Evidence for incorporation of Si into HA is that HA retarded the development of silicomolybdate colour and Si was retained by a cation-exchanger. The reaction is believed to be mainly a condensation reaction between the hydroxyl groups in Al–OH–Al and Si–OH groups. The HAS with Si/Al ratio 0.3–0.6 showed infrared spectra similar to allophane-like constituents in Ando soils.
TL;DR: The results suggest that streptokinase-plasmin complex has essentially no activity towards Boc-Glu-Lys- lysine residues, which were found to be useful for the specific and sensitive assay of plasmin.
Abstract: Fluorogenic peptides, peptidyl-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amides (MCA), containing COOH-terminal lysine residues, were newly synthesized and tested as substrates for plasmin. Among six peptidyl-MCA's, Boc-Val-Leu-Lys-MCA and Boc-Glu-Lys-Lys-MCA were found to be useful for the specific and sensitive assay of plasmin. The Km values estimated from Line-weaver-Burk plots for these substrates using human and bovine plasmins were in the region of 10(-4) M. Boc-Glu-Lys-Lys-MCA was slightly hydrolyzed by bovine plasma kallikrein, and Boc-Val-Leu-Lys-MCA was slightly hydrolyzed by human and hog urinary kallikreins and hog pancreatic kallikrein. However, both of the fluorogenic peptides were essentially unaffected by urokinase, alpha-thrombin, Factor Xa, Factor IXa, Factor XIa, and Factor XIIa. It was confirmed that plasmin hydrolyzed Boc-Glu-Lys-Lys-MCA, cleaving the lysyl-MCA bond, but not the lysyl-lysyl bond. These fluorogenic peptides were resistant to human plasmin activated by streptokinase. Boc-Glu-Lys-Lys-MCA was not hydrolyzed by human plasmin or plasminogen in the presence of more than a 5-fold molar excess of streptokinase. The sensitivity of Boc-Val-Leu-Lys- of more than a 5-fold molar excess of streptokinase. The sensitivity of Boc-Val-Leu-Lys-MCA to human plasmin was also reduced, but plasmin retained 35% of the maximum activity even in the presence of a 20-fold molar excess of streptokinase. These results suggest that streptokinase-plasmin complex has essentially no activity towards Boc-Glu-Lys-Lys-MCA.
TL;DR: This study shows that the hypocholesteraemic action of soya-bean protein is easily modified by the type of diet, when the lowering action appeared independent of the strain of the rat or the feeding pattern.
Abstract: 1. The effect of the soya-bean protein isolate and casein, both given 200 g/kg diet for 3–4 weeks, on serum cholesterol was compared in male rats.2. Soya-bean protein exerted a hypocholesteraemic effect only in a cholesterol-free low-fat (10 g maize oil/kg) diet, when the lowering action appeared independent of the strain of the rat or the feeding pattern. The results obtained with diets containing cholesterol or higher levels of fats or both showed no definite pattern of response.3. Although the decrease in serum cholesterol appeared greater in α-lipoprotiens than in β-lipoproteins, the proportion of the former to total cholesterol remained almost unchanged. The concentration of serum apo A-I was significantly lower in rats given the vegetable protein.4. Rats given soya-bean protein excreted significantly more neutral sterols.5. The serum amino acid pattern did not reflect the difference in dietary protein. Addition of cholesterol to the diets modified the serum aminogarm, the decrease in threonine being most marked in both protein groups.6. This study shows that the hypocholesteraemic action of soya-bean protein is easily modified by the type of diet.