scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Showing papers by "Kyushu University published in 2018"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: These 2018 CANMAT and ISBD Bipolar Treatment Guidelines represent the significant advances in the field since the last full edition was published in 2005, including updates to diagnosis and management as well as new research into pharmacological and psychological treatments.
Abstract: The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) previously published treatment guidelines for bipolar disorder in 2005, along with international commentaries and subsequent updates in 2007, 2009, and 2013. The last two updates were published in collaboration with the International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD). These 2018 CANMAT and ISBD Bipolar Treatment Guidelines represent the significant advances in the field since the last full edition was published in 2005, including updates to diagnosis and management as well as new research into pharmacological and psychological treatments. These advances have been translated into clear and easy to use recommendations for first, second, and third- line treatments, with consideration given to levels of evidence for efficacy, clinical support based on experience, and consensus ratings of safety, tolerability, and treatment-emergent switch risk. New to these guidelines, hierarchical rankings were created for first and second- line treatments recommended for acute mania, acute depression, and maintenance treatment in bipolar I disorder. Created by considering the impact of each treatment across all phases of illness, this hierarchy will further assist clinicians in making evidence-based treatment decisions. Lithium, quetiapine, divalproex, asenapine, aripiprazole, paliperidone, risperidone, and cariprazine alone or in combination are recommended as first-line treatments for acute mania. First-line options for bipolar I depression include quetiapine, lurasidone plus lithium or divalproex, lithium, lamotrigine, lurasidone, or adjunctive lamotrigine. While medications that have been shown to be effective for the acute phase should generally be continued for the maintenance phase in bipolar I disorder, there are some exceptions (such as with antidepressants); and available data suggest that lithium, quetiapine, divalproex, lamotrigine, asenapine, and aripiprazole monotherapy or combination treatments should be considered first-line for those initiating or switching treatment during the maintenance phase. In addition to addressing issues in bipolar I disorder, these guidelines also provide an overview of, and recommendations for, clinical management of bipolar II disorder, as well as advice on specific populations, such as women at various stages of the reproductive cycle, children and adolescents, and older adults. There are also discussions on the impact of specific psychiatric and medical comorbidities such as substance use, anxiety, and metabolic disorders. Finally, an overview of issues related to safety and monitoring is provided. The CANMAT and ISBD groups hope that these guidelines become a valuable tool for practitioners across the globe.

950 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
B. P. Abbott1, Richard J. Abbott1, T. D. Abbott2, M. R. Abernathy3  +1135 moreInstitutions (139)
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present possible observing scenarios for the Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA gravitational-wave detectors over the next decade, with the intention of providing information to the astronomy community to facilitate planning for multi-messenger astronomy with gravitational waves.
Abstract: We present possible observing scenarios for the Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA gravitational-wave detectors over the next decade, with the intention of providing information to the astronomy community to facilitate planning for multi-messenger astronomy with gravitational waves. We estimate the sensitivity of the network to transient gravitational-wave signals, and study the capability of the network to determine the sky location of the source. We report our findings for gravitational-wave transients, with particular focus on gravitational-wave signals from the inspiral of binary neutron star systems, which are the most promising targets for multi-messenger astronomy. The ability to localize the sources of the detected signals depends on the geographical distribution of the detectors and their relative sensitivity, and 90% credible regions can be as large as thousands of square degrees when only two sensitive detectors are operational. Determining the sky position of a significant fraction of detected signals to areas of 5– 20 deg2 requires at least three detectors of sensitivity within a factor of ∼2 of each other and with a broad frequency bandwidth. When all detectors, including KAGRA and the third LIGO detector in India, reach design sensitivity, a significant fraction of gravitational-wave signals will be localized to a few square degrees by gravitational-wave observations alone.

804 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport Code System (PHITS) 3.02 has been released and the accuracy and the applicable energy ranges of the code were improved.
Abstract: We have upgraded many features of the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) and released the new version as PHITS3.02. The accuracy and the applicable energy ranges of the code were ...

749 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Thorough literature search about diagnostic criteria for acute cholecystitis, new and strong evidence that had been released from 2013 to 2017 was not found with serious and important issues about using TG13 diagnostic criteria of acute CholecyStitis, and the TG13 severity grading has been validated in numerous studies.
Abstract: Although the diagnostic and severity grading criteria on the 2013 Tokyo Guidelines (TG13) are used worldwide as the primary standard for management of acute cholangitis (AC), they need to be validated through implementation and assessment in actual clinical practice. Here, we conduct a systematic review of the literature to validate the TG13 diagnostic and severity grading criteria for AC and propose TG18 criteria. While there is little evidence evaluating the TG13 criteria, they were validated through a large-scale case series study in Japan and Taiwan. Analyzing big data from this study confirmed that the diagnostic rate of AC based on the TG13 diagnostic criteria was higher than that based on the TG07 criteria, and that 30-day mortality in patients with a higher severity based on the TG13 severity grading criteria was significantly higher. Furthermore, a comparison of patients treated with early or urgent biliary drainage versus patients not treated this way showed no difference in 30-day mortality among patients with Grade I or Grade III AC, but significantly lower 30-day mortality in patients with Grade II AC who were treated with early or urgent biliary drainage. This suggests that the TG13 severity grading criteria can be used to identify Grade II patients whose prognoses may be improved through biliary drainage. The TG13 severity grading criteria may therefore be useful as an indicator for biliary drainage as well as a predictive factor when assessing the patient's prognosis. The TG13 diagnostic and severity grading criteria for AC can provide results quickly, are minimally invasive for the patients, and are inexpensive. We recommend that the TG13 criteria be adopted in the TG18 guidelines and used as standard practice in the clinical setting. Free full articles and mobile app of TG18 are available at: http://www.jshbps.jp/modules/en/index.php?content_id=47. Related clinical questions and references are also included.

734 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Angela M. Wood1, Stephen Kaptoge1, Adam S. Butterworth1, Peter Willeit1, Samantha Warnakula1, Thomas Bolton1, Ellie Paige2, Dirk S. Paul1, Michael J. Sweeting1, Stephen Burgess1, Steven Bell1, William J. Astle1, David Stevens1, Albert Koulman1, Randi Selmer3, W. M. Monique Verschuren4, Shinichi Sato, Inger Njølstad5, Mark Woodward6, Mark Woodward7, Mark Woodward8, Veikko Salomaa9, Børge G. Nordestgaard10, Børge G. Nordestgaard11, Bu B. Yeap12, Bu B. Yeap13, Bu B. Yeap14, Astrid E. Fletcher15, Olle Melander16, Lewis H. Kuller17, B. Balkau18, Michael Marmot19, Wolfgang Koenig20, Wolfgang Koenig21, Edoardo Casiglia22, Cyrus Cooper23, Volker Arndt24, Oscar H. Franco25, Patrik Wennberg26, John Gallacher27, Agustín Gómez de la Cámara, Henry Völzke28, Christina C. Dahm29, Caroline Dale19, Manuela M. Bergmann, Carlos J. Crespo30, Yvonne T. van der Schouw4, Rudolf Kaaks24, Leon A. Simons31, Pagona Lagiou32, Pagona Lagiou33, Josje D. Schoufour25, Jolanda M. A. Boer, Timothy J. Key8, Beatriz L. Rodriguez34, Conchi Moreno-Iribas, Karina W. Davidson35, James O. Taylor, Carlotta Sacerdote, Robert B. Wallace36, J. Ramón Quirós, Rosario Tumino, Dan G. Blazer37, Allan Linneberg11, Makoto Daimon38, Salvatore Panico, Barbara V. Howard39, Guri Skeie5, Timo E. Strandberg40, Timo E. Strandberg41, Elisabete Weiderpass, Paul J. Nietert42, Bruce M. Psaty43, Bruce M. Psaty44, Daan Kromhout45, Elena Salamanca-Fernández46, Stefan Kiechl, Harlan M. Krumholz47, Sara Grioni, Domenico Palli48, José María Huerta, Jackie F. Price49, Johan Sundström50, Larraitz Arriola51, Hisatomi Arima52, Hisatomi Arima53, Ruth C. Travis8, Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos54, Anna Karakatsani33, Antonia Trichopoulou33, Tilman Kühn24, Diederick E. Grobbee4, Elizabeth Barrett-Connor55, Natasja M. van Schoor56, Heiner Boeing, Kim Overvad29, Kim Overvad57, Jussi Kauhanen58, Nicholas J. Wareham1, Claudia Langenberg1, Nita G. Forouhi1, Maria Wennberg26, Jean-Pierre Després59, Mary Cushman60, Jackie A. Cooper19, Carlos J. Rodriguez61, Carlos J. Rodriguez62, Masaru Sakurai63, Jonathan E. Shaw64, Matthew Knuiman12, Trudy Voortman25, Christa Meisinger, Anne Tjønneland, Hermann Brenner24, Hermann Brenner65, Luigi Palmieri66, Jean Dallongeville67, Eric J. Brunner19, Gerd Assmann, Maurizio Trevisan68, Richard F. Gillum69, Ian Ford70, Naveed Sattar70, Mariana Lazo7, Simon G. Thompson1, Pietro Ferrari71, David A. Leon15, George Davey Smith72, Richard Peto8, Rod Jackson73, Emily Banks2, Emanuele Di Angelantonio1, John Danesh1 
University of Cambridge1, Australian National University2, Norwegian Institute of Public Health3, Utrecht University4, University of Tromsø5, The George Institute for Global Health6, Johns Hopkins University7, University of Oxford8, National Institutes of Health9, Copenhagen University Hospital10, University of Copenhagen11, University of Western Australia12, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research13, Fiona Stanley Hospital14, University of London15, Lund University16, University of Pittsburgh17, French Institute of Health and Medical Research18, University College London19, Technische Universität München20, University of Ulm21, University of Padua22, University of Southampton23, German Cancer Research Center24, Erasmus University Medical Center25, Umeå University26, Cardiff University27, Greifswald University Hospital28, Aarhus University29, Portland State University30, University of New South Wales31, Harvard University32, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens33, University of Hawaii34, Columbia University35, University of Iowa36, Duke University37, Yamagata University38, Tuskegee University39, University of Helsinki40, University of Oulu41, Medical University of South Carolina42, University of Washington43, Kaiser Permanente44, University of Groningen45, University of Granada46, Yale University47, Prevention Institute48, University of Edinburgh49, Uppsala University50, Basque Government51, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital52, Kyushu University53, Harokopio University54, University of California, San Diego55, VU University Medical Center56, Aalborg University57, University of Eastern Finland58, Laval University59, University of Vermont60, Wake Forest University61, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center62, Kanazawa Medical University63, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute64, Heidelberg University65, Istituto Superiore di Sanità66, Pasteur Institute67, City College of New York68, Howard University69, University of Glasgow70, International Agency for Research on Cancer71, University of Bristol72, University of Auckland73
TL;DR: Current drinkers of alcohol in high-income countries, the threshold for lowest risk of all-cause mortality was about 100 g/week, and data support limits for alcohol consumption that are lower than those recommended in most current guidelines.

711 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Nanocelluloses are natural materials with at least one dimension in the nano-scale as discussed by the authors, which combine important cellulose properties with the features of nanomaterials and open new horizons for materials science and its applications.

567 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There is a need for an updated consensus on a definition of bruxism as repetitive masticatory muscle activity characterised by clenching or grinding of the teeth and/or by bracing or thrusting of the mandible to be confirmed.
Abstract: In 2013, consensus was obtained on a definition of bruxism as repetitive masticatory muscle activity characterised by clenching or grinding of the teeth and/or by bracing or thrusting of the mandible and specified as either sleep bruxism or awake bruxism. In addition, a grading system was proposed to determine the likelihood that a certain assessment of bruxism actually yields a valid outcome. This study discusses the need for an updated consensus and has the following aims: (i) to further clarify the 2013 definition and to develop separate definitions for sleep and awake bruxism; (ii) to determine whether bruxism is a disorder rather than a behaviour that can be a risk factor for certain clinical conditions; (iii) to re-examine the 2013 grading system; and (iv) to develop a research agenda. It was concluded that: (i) sleep and awake bruxism are masticatory muscle activities that occur during sleep (characterised as rhythmic or non-rhythmic) and wakefulness (characterised by repetitive or sustained tooth contact and/or by bracing or thrusting of the mandible), respectively; (ii) in otherwise healthy individuals, bruxism should not be considered as a disorder, but rather as a behaviour that can be a risk (and/or protective) factor for certain clinical consequences; (iii) both non-instrumental approaches (notably self-report) and instrumental approaches (notably electromyography) can be employed to assess bruxism; and (iv) standard cut-off points for establishing the presence or absence of bruxism should not be used in otherwise healthy individuals; rather, bruxism-related masticatory muscle activities should be assessed in the behaviour's continuum.

566 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The opportunities enabled by recent advances in synthetic approaches for design of both local and overall structure, state-of-the-art characterization techniques to distinguish unique structural and chemical states, and chemical/physical properties emerging from the synergy of multiple anions for catalysis, energy conversion, and electronic materials are discussed.
Abstract: During the last century, inorganic oxide compounds laid foundations for materials synthesis, characterization, and technology translation by adding new functions into devices previously dominated by main-group element semiconductor compounds. Today, compounds with multiple anions beyond the single-oxide ion, such as oxyhalides and oxyhydrides, offer a new materials platform from which superior functionality may arise. Here we review the recent progress, status, and future prospects and challenges facing the development and deployment of mixed-anion compounds, focusing mainly on oxide-derived materials. We devote attention to the crucial roles that multiple anions play during synthesis, characterization, and in the physical properties of these materials. We discuss the opportunities enabled by recent advances in synthetic approaches for design of both local and overall structure, state-of-the-art characterization techniques to distinguish unique structural and chemical states, and chemical/physical properties emerging from the synergy of multiple anions for catalysis, energy conversion, and electronic materials.

532 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that activation of Wingless/Integrated and EGF and inhibition of TGF-β, histone deacetylase, and Rho-associated protein kinase enable long-term culture of human villous cytotrophoblast (CT) cells, which will provide a powerful tool to study human trophoblast development and function.

497 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Over recent decades, studies have provided evidence for the necessity and sufficiency of microglia for the alterations in synaptic remodelling, connectivity and network function that underlie chronic pain and have shed light on the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms.
Abstract: Acute nociceptive pain is a key defence system that enables the detection of danger signals that threaten homeostasis and survival However, chronic pain (such as the neuropathic pain that occurs after peripheral nerve injury) is not simply a consequence of the continuity of acute nociceptive signals but rather of maladaptive nervous system function Over recent decades, studies have provided evidence for the necessity and sufficiency of microglia for the alterations in synaptic remodelling, connectivity and network function that underlie chronic pain and have shed light on the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms It is also becoming clear that microglia have active roles in brain regions important for the emotional and memory-related aspects of chronic pain Recent advances in the development of new drugs targeting microglia and the establishment of new sources of human microglia-like cells may facilitate translation of these findings from bench to bedside

485 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: ChIP‐Atlas is superior to other platforms in terms of data number and functionality for data mining across thousands of ChIP‐seq experiments, and it provides insight into gene regulatory networks and epigenetic mechanisms.
Abstract: We have fully integrated public chromatin chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) and DNase-seq data (n > 70,000) derived from six representative model organisms (human, mouse, rat, fruit fly, nematode, and budding yeast), and have devised a data-mining platform-designated ChIP-Atlas (http://chip-atlas.org). ChIP-Atlas is able to show alignment and peak-call results for all public ChIP-seq and DNase-seq data archived in the NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA), which encompasses data derived from GEO, ArrayExpress, DDBJ, ENCODE, Roadmap Epigenomics, and the scientific literature. All peak-call data are integrated to visualize multiple histone modifications and binding sites of transcriptional regulators (TRs) at given genomic loci. The integrated data can be further analyzed to show TR-gene and TR-TR interactions, as well as to examine enrichment of protein binding for given multiple genomic coordinates or gene names. ChIP-Atlas is superior to other platforms in terms of data number and functionality for data mining across thousands of ChIP-seq experiments, and it provides insight into gene regulatory networks and epigenetic mechanisms.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Osimertinib has CNS efficacy in patients with untreated EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer and these results suggest a reduced risk of CNS progression with osimert inib versus standard EGFR -TKIs.
Abstract: Purpose We report CNS efficacy of osimertinib versus standard epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in patients with untreated EGFR-mutated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer from the phase III FLAURA study. Patients and Methods Patients (N = 556) were randomly assigned to osimertinib or standard EGFR-TKIs (gefitinib or erlotinib); brain scans were not mandated unless clinically indicated. Patients with asymptomatic or stable CNS metastases were included. In patients with symptomatic CNS metastases, neurologic status was required to be stable for ≥ 2 weeks after completion of definitive therapy and corticosteroids. A preplanned subgroup analysis with CNS progression-free survival as primary objective was conducted in patients with measurable and/or nonmeasurable CNS lesions on baseline brain scan by blinded independent central neuroradiologic review. The CNS evaluable-for-response set included patients with ≥ one measurable CNS lesion. Results Of 200 patients with available brain scans at baseline, 128 (osimertinib, n = 61; standard EGFR-TKIs, n = 67) had measurable and/or nonmeasurable CNS lesions, including 41 patients (osimertinib, n = 22; standard EGFR-TKIs, n = 19) with ≥ one measurable CNS lesion. Median CNS progression-free survival in patients with measurable and/or nonmeasurable CNS lesions was not reached with osimertinib (95% CI, 16.5 months to not calculable) and 13.9 months (95% CI, 8.3 months to not calculable) with standard EGFR-TKIs (hazard ratio, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.26 to 0.86; P = .014 [nominally statistically significant]). CNS objective response rates were 91% and 68% in patients with ≥ one measurable CNS lesion (odds ratio, 4.6; 95% CI, 0.9 to 34.9; P = .066) and 66% and 43% in patients with measurable and/or nonmeasurable CNS lesions (odds ratio, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.2 to 5.2; P = .011) treated with osimertinib and standard EGFR-TKIs, respectively. Probability of experiencing a CNS progression event was consistently lower with osimertinib versus standard EGFR-TKIs. Conclusion Osimertinib has CNS efficacy in patients with untreated EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer. These results suggest a reduced risk of CNS progression with osimertinib versus standard EGFR-TKIs.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In the Tokyo Guidelines 2018 (TG18) as discussed by the authors, the authors proposed a flowchart for the treatment of acute cholecystitis (AC) in advanced centers with specialized surgeons experienced in this procedure.
Abstract: We propose a new flowchart for the treatment of acute cholecystitis (AC) in the Tokyo Guidelines 2018 (TG18). Grade III AC was not indicated for straightforward laparoscopic cholecystectomy (Lap-C). Following analysis of subsequent clinical investigations and drawing on Big Data in particular, TG18 proposes that some Grade III AC can be treated by Lap-C when performed at advanced centers with specialized surgeons experienced in this procedure and for patients that satisfy certain strict criteria. For Grade I, TG18 recommends early Lap-C if the patients meet the criteria of Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) ≤5 and American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification (ASA-PS) ≤2. For Grade II AC, if patients meet the criteria of CCI ≤5 and ASA-PS ≤2, TG18 recommends early Lap-C performed by experienced surgeons; and if not, after medical treatment and/or gallbladder drainage, Lap-C would be indicated. TG18 proposes that Lap-C is indicated in Grade III patients with strict criteria. These are that the patients have favorable organ system failure, and negative predictive factors, who meet the criteria of CCI ≤3 and ASA-PS ≤2 and who are being treated at an advanced center (where experienced surgeons practice). If the patient is not considered suitable for early surgery, TG18 recommends early/urgent biliary drainage followed by delayed Lap-C once the patient's overall condition has improved. Free full articles and mobile app of TG18 are available at: http://www.jshbps.jp/modules/en/index.php?content_id=47. Related clinical questions and references are also included.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
03 Sep 2018
TL;DR: DeepGauge is proposed, a set of multi-granularity testing criteria for DL systems, which aims at rendering a multi-faceted portrayal of the testbed and sheds light on the construction of more generic and robust DL systems.
Abstract: Deep learning (DL) defines a new data-driven programming paradigm that constructs the internal system logic of a crafted neuron network through a set of training data. We have seen wide adoption of DL in many safety-critical scenarios. However, a plethora of studies have shown that the state-of-the-art DL systems suffer from various vulnerabilities which can lead to severe consequences when applied to real-world applications. Currently, the testing adequacy of a DL system is usually measured by the accuracy of test data. Considering the limitation of accessible high quality test data, good accuracy performance on test data can hardly provide confidence to the testing adequacy and generality of DL systems. Unlike traditional software systems that have clear and controllable logic and functionality, the lack of interpretability in a DL system makes system analysis and defect detection difficult, which could potentially hinder its real-world deployment. In this paper, we propose DeepGauge, a set of multi-granularity testing criteria for DL systems, which aims at rendering a multi-faceted portrayal of the testbed. The in-depth evaluation of our proposed testing criteria is demonstrated on two well-known datasets, five DL systems, and with four state-of-the-art adversarial attack techniques against DL. The potential usefulness of DeepGauge sheds light on the construction of more generic and robust DL systems.

Journal ArticleDOI
20 Sep 2018-Cell
TL;DR: This work presents a machine-intelligence technology based on a radically different architecture that realizes real-time image-based intelligent cell sorting at an unprecedented rate and is expected to enable machine-based scientific discovery in biological, pharmaceutical, and medical sciences.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reported thermally activated delayed fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes that operate at near-infrared wavelengths with a maximum external quantum efficiency of nearly 10% using a boron difluoride curcuminoid derivative.
Abstract: Near-infrared organic light-emitting diodes and semiconductor lasers could benefit a variety of applications including night-vision displays, sensors and information-secured displays. Organic dyes can generate electroluminescence efficiently at visible wavelengths, but organic light-emitting diodes are still underperforming in the near-infrared region. Here, we report thermally activated delayed fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes that operate at near-infrared wavelengths with a maximum external quantum efficiency of nearly 10% using a boron difluoride curcuminoid derivative. As well as an effective upconversion from triplet to singlet excited states due to the non-adiabatic coupling effect, this donor–acceptor–donor compound also exhibits efficient amplified spontaneous emission. By controlling the polarity of the active medium, the maximum emission wavelength of the electroluminescence spectrum can be tuned from 700 to 780 nm. This study represents an important advance in near-infrared organic light-emitting diodes and the design of alternative molecular architectures for photonic applications based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence. Near-infrared organic light-emitting diodes that operate in the 700 nm region with an external quantum efficiency of almost 10% are reported.

Journal ArticleDOI
Morad Aaboud1, Georges Aad2, Brad Abbott3, Ovsat Abdinov4  +2954 moreInstitutions (225)
TL;DR: In this paper, a search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum is reported, and the results are translated into exclusion limits in models with pair-produced weakly interacting dark-matter candidates, large extra spatial dimensions, and supersymmetric particles in several compressed scenarios.
Abstract: Results of a search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum are reported. The search uses proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb−1 at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected in 2015 and 2016 with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Events are required to have at least one jet with a transverse momentum above 250 GeV and no leptons (e or μ). Several signal regions are considered with increasing requirements on the missing transverse momentum above 250 GeV. Good agreement is observed between the number of events in data and Standard Model predictions. The results are translated into exclusion limits in models with pair-produced weakly interacting dark-matter candidates, large extra spatial dimensions, and supersymmetric particles in several compressed scenarios.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report the electroreduction of CO2 on a supported gold catalyst in an alkaline flow electrolyzer with performance levels close to the economic viability criteria.
Abstract: Cost competitive electroreduction of CO2 to CO requires electrochemical systems that exhibit partial current density (jCO) exceeding 150 mA cm–2 at cell overpotentials (|ηcell|) less than 1 V. However, achieving such benchmarks remains difficult. Here, we report the electroreduction of CO2 on a supported gold catalyst in an alkaline flow electrolyzer with performance levels close to the economic viability criteria. Onset of CO production occurred at cell and cathode overpotentials of just −0.25 and −0.02 V, respectively. High jCO (∼99, 158 mA cm–2) was obtained at low |ηcell| (∼0.70, 0.94 V) and high CO energetic efficiency (∼63.8, 49.4%). The performance was stable for at least 8 h. Additionally, the onset cathode potentials, kinetic isotope effect, and Tafel slopes indicate the low overpotential production of CO in alkaline media to be the result of a pH-independent rate-determining step (i.e., electron transfer) in contrast to a pH-dependent overall process.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Progress has been made in ELISA with the recent advances in recombinant DNA technology, leading to increase in the range of antibodies, probes, and even systems.
Abstract: Immunoassays are antibody-based analytical methods for quantitative/qualitative analysis. Since the principle of immunoassays is based on specific antigen–antibody reaction, the assays have been utilized worldwide for diagnosis, pharmacokinetic studies by drug monitoring, and the quality control of commercially available products. Berson and Yalow were the first to develop an immunoassay, known as radioimmunoassay (RIA), for detecting endogenous plasma insulin [1], a development for which Yalow was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1977. Even today, after half a century, immunoassays are widely utilized with some modifications from the originally proposed system, e.g., radioisotopes have been replaced with enzymes because of safety concerns regarding the use of radioactivity, which is referred to as enzyme immunoassay/enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, progress has been made in ELISA with the recent advances in recombinant DNA technology, leading to increase in the range of antibodies, probes, and even systems. This review article describes ELISA and its applications for the detection of plant secondary metabolites.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Detailed analyses of the data from more than 100,000 patients show the recent trends of the outcomes of gastric cancer treatment in Japan and provide baseline information for use by medical communities around world.
Abstract: The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the tumor characteristics, surgical details, and survival distribution of surgically resected cases of gastric cancer from the nationwide registry of the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association. Data from 118,367 patients with primary gastric carcinoma who underwent resection between 2001 and 2007 were included in the survival analyses. The 5-year survival rates were calculated for various subsets of prognostic factors. The median age of the patients was 67 years. The proportions of patients with pathological stage (Japanese Gastric Cancer Association) IA, IB, II, IIIA, IIIB, and IV disease were 44.0%, 14.7%, 11.7%, 9.5%, 5.0%, and 12.4% respectively. The death rate within 30 days of operation was 0.5%. The 5-year overall survival rate in the 118,367 patients who were treated by resection was 71.1%. The 5-year overall survival rates of patients with pathological stage IA, IB, II, IIIA, IIIB, and IV disease were 91.5%, 83.6%, 70.6%, 53.6%, 34.8%, and 16.4% respectively. The 5-year disease-specific survival rates in the patients with pT1 (mucosa) disease after D1+ dissection of lymph node station no. 7 (D1 + α), D1+ dissection of lymph node station nos. 7, 8, and 9 (D1+ β), and D2 lymphadenectomy were 99.4%, 99.6%, and 99.1% respectively. The 5-year disease-specific survival rates in the patients with pT1 (submucosa) disease after D1 + α, D1 + β, and D2 lymphadenectomy were 97.3%, 98.1%, and 96.9% respectively. Detailed analyses of the data from more than 100,000 patients show the recent trends of the outcomes of gastric cancer treatment in Japan and provide baseline information for use by medical communities around world.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
TL;DR: DeepGauge as discussed by the authors proposes a set of multi-granularity testing criteria for DL systems, which aims at rendering a multi-faceted portrayal of the testbed.
Abstract: Deep learning (DL) defines a new data-driven programming paradigm that constructs the internal system logic of a crafted neuron network through a set of training data. We have seen wide adoption of DL in many safety-critical scenarios. However, a plethora of studies have shown that the state-of-the-art DL systems suffer from various vulnerabilities which can lead to severe consequences when applied to real-world applications. Currently, the testing adequacy of a DL system is usually measured by the accuracy of test data. Considering the limitation of accessible high quality test data, good accuracy performance on test data can hardly provide confidence to the testing adequacy and generality of DL systems. Unlike traditional software systems that have clear and controllable logic and functionality, the lack of interpretability in a DL system makes system analysis and defect detection difficult, which could potentially hinder its real-world deployment. In this paper, we propose DeepGauge, a set of multi-granularity testing criteria for DL systems, which aims at rendering a multi-faceted portrayal of the testbed. The in-depth evaluation of our proposed testing criteria is demonstrated on two well-known datasets, five DL systems, and with four state-of-the-art adversarial attack techniques against DL. The potential usefulness of DeepGauge sheds light on the construction of more generic and robust DL systems.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of defects, surface roughness and Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) process on the fatigue strength of a Ti-6Al-4V manufactured by AM were investigated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The immune microenvironment of HCC can be classified into three immunosubtypes (Immune‐high, Immune‐mid, and Immune-low) with additional prognostic impact on histological and molecular classification of H CC.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated landslide causative factors in landslide susceptibility assessments and compared landslide susceptibility models based on the bivariate frequency ratio (FR), multivariate logistic regression (LR), and artificial neural network (ANN).

Journal ArticleDOI
Hugh McColl1, Fernando Racimo1, Lasse Vinner1, Fabrice Demeter2, Takashi Gakuhari3, Takashi Gakuhari4, J. Víctor Moreno-Mayar1, George van Driem5, George van Driem6, Uffe Gram Wilken1, Andaine Seguin-Orlando7, Andaine Seguin-Orlando1, Constanza de la Fuente Castro1, Sally Wasef8, Rasmi Shoocongdej9, Viengkeo Souksavatdy, Thongsa Sayavongkhamdy, Mokhtar Saidin10, Morten E. Allentoft1, Takehiro Sato4, Anna-Sapfo Malaspinas11, Farhang Aghakhanian12, Thorfinn Sand Korneliussen1, Ana Prohaska13, Ashot Margaryan14, Ashot Margaryan2, Peter de Barros Damgaard1, Supannee Kaewsutthi15, Patcharee Lertrit15, Thi Mai Huong Nguyen, Hsiao-chun Hung16, Thi Minh Tran, Huu Nghia Truong, Giang Hai Nguyen, Shaiful Shahidan10, Ketut Wiradnyana, Hiromi Matsumae3, Nobuo Shigehara17, Minoru Yoneda18, Hajime Ishida19, Tadayuki Masuyama, Yasuhiro Yamada20, Atsushi Tajima4, Hiroki Shibata21, Atsushi Toyoda22, Tsunehiko Hanihara3, Shigeki Nakagome23, Thibaut Devièse24, Anne-Marie Bacon25, Philippe Duringer26, Jean Luc Ponche26, Laura L. Shackelford27, Elise Patole-Edoumba1, Anh Nguyen, Bérénice Bellina-Pryce28, Jean Christophe Galipaud29, Rebecca Kinaston30, Rebecca Kinaston31, Hallie R. Buckley31, Christophe Pottier32, Silas Anselm Rasmussen33, Thomas Higham24, Robert Foley13, Marta Mirazón Lahr13, Ludovic Orlando7, Ludovic Orlando1, Martin Sikora1, Maude E. Phipps12, Hiroki Oota3, Charles Higham31, Charles Higham13, David M. Lambert8, Eske Willerslev13, Eske Willerslev1, Eske Willerslev34 
06 Jul 2018-Science
TL;DR: Neither interpretation fits the complexity of Southeast Asian history: Both Hòabìnhian hunter-gatherers and East Asian farmers contributed to current Southeast Asian diversity, with further migrations affecting island SEA and Vietnam.
Abstract: The human occupation history of Southeast Asia (SEA) remains heavily debated Current evidence suggests that SEA was occupied by Hoabinhian hunter-gatherers until ~4000 years ago, when farming economies developed and expanded, restricting foraging groups to remote habitats Some argue that agricultural development was indigenous; others favor the "two-layer" hypothesis that posits a southward expansion of farmers giving rise to present-day Southeast Asian genetic diversity By sequencing 26 ancient human genomes (25 from SEA, 1 Japanese Jōmon), we show that neither interpretation fits the complexity of Southeast Asian history: Both Hoabinhian hunter-gatherers and East Asian farmers contributed to current Southeast Asian diversity, with further migrations affecting island SEA and Vietnam Our results help resolve one of the long-standing controversies in Southeast Asian prehistory


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is absolutely necessary to avoid any increase in bile duct injury (BDI), particularly vasculo‐biliary injury (VBI), which is known to occur at a certain rate in LC.
Abstract: In some cases, laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) may be difficult to perform in patients with acute cholecystitis (AC) with severe inflammation and fibrosis. The Tokyo Guidelines 2018 (TG18) expand the indications for LC under difficult conditions for each level of severity of AC. As a result of expanding the indications for LC to treat AC, it is absolutely necessary to avoid any increase in bile duct injury (BDI), particularly vasculo-biliary injury (VBI), which is known to occur at a certain rate in LC. Since the Tokyo Guidelines 2013 (TG13), an attempt has been made to assess intraoperative findings as objective indicators of surgical difficulty; based on expert consensus on these difficulty indicators, bail-out procedures (including conversion to open cholecystectomy) have been indicated for cases in which LC for AC is difficult to perform. A bail-out procedure should be chosen if, when the Calot's triangle is appropriately retracted and used as a landmark, a critical view of safety (CVS) cannot be achieved because of the presence of nondissectable scarring or severe fibrosis. We propose standardized safe steps for LC to treat AC. To achieve a CVS, it is vital to dissect at a location above (on the ventral side of) the imaginary line connecting the base of the left medial section (Segment 4) and the roof of Rouviere's sulcus and to fulfill the three criteria of CVS before dividing any structures. Achieving a CVS prevents the misidentification of the cystic duct and the common bile duct, which are most commonly confused. Free full articles and mobile app of TG18 are available at: http://www.jshbps.jp/modules/en/index.php?content_id=47. Related clinical questions and references are also included.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
16 Nov 2018
TL;DR: This paper proposes a mutation testing framework specialized for DL systems to measure the quality of test data, and designs a set of model-level mutation operators that directly inject faults into DL models without a training process.
Abstract: Deep learning (DL) defines a new data-driven programming paradigm where the internal system logic is largely shaped by the training data. The standard way of evaluating DL models is to examine their performance on a test dataset. The quality of the test dataset is of great importance to gain confidence of the trained models. Using an inadequate test dataset, DL models that have achieved high test accuracy may still lack generality and robustness. In traditional software testing, mutation testing is a well-established technique for quality evaluation of test suites, which analyzes to what extent a test suite detects the injected faults. However, due to the fundamental difference between traditional software and deep learning-based software, traditional mutation testing techniques cannot be directly applied to DL systems. In this paper, we propose a mutation testing framework specialized for DL systems to measure the quality of test data. To do this, by sharing the same spirit of mutation testing in traditional software, we first define a set of source-level mutation operators to inject faults to the source of DL (i.e., training data and training programs). Then we design a set of model-level mutation operators that directly inject faults into DL models without a training process. Eventually, the quality of test data could be evaluated from the analysis on to what extent the injected faults could be detected. The usefulness of the proposed mutation testing techniques is demonstrated on two public datasets, namely MNIST and CIFAR-10, with three DL models.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that the introduction of a second type of electron-donating unit in an initially donor-acceptor system induces effective mixing between charge transfer and locally excited triplet states, resulting in acceleration of the RISC rate while maintaining high photoluminescence quantum yield.
Abstract: Reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) from the triplet to singlet excited state is an attractive route to harvesting electrically generated triplet excitons as light, leading to highly efficient organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). An ideal electroluminescence efficiency of 100% can be achieved using RISC, but device lifetime and suppression of efficiency roll-off still need further improvement. We establish molecular design rules to enhance not only the RISC rate constant but also operational stability under electrical excitation. We show that the introduction of a second type of electron-donating unit in an initially donor-acceptor system induces effective mixing between charge transfer and locally excited triplet states, resulting in acceleration of the RISC rate while maintaining high photoluminescence quantum yield. OLEDs using our designed sky-blue emitter achieved a nearly 100% exciton production efficiency and exhibited not only low efficiency roll-off but also a marked improvement in operational stability.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The fascinating history of CRISPR-Cas systems is discussed, from the original observation of an enigmatic sequence in E. coli to genome editing in humans and providing insights into the origin and evolution of this system from mobile genetic elements denoted casposons.
Abstract: Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas systems are well-known acquired immunity systems that are widespread in archaea and bacteria. The RNA-guided nucleases from CRISPR-Cas systems are currently regarded as the most reliable tools for genome editing and engineering. The first hint of their existence came in 1987, when an unusual repetitive DNA sequence, which subsequently was defined as a CRISPR, was discovered in the Escherichia coli genome during an analysis of genes involved in phosphate metabolism. Similar sequence patterns were then reported in a range of other bacteria as well as in halophilic archaea, suggesting an important role for such evolutionarily conserved clusters of repeated sequences. A critical step toward functional characterization of the CRISPR-Cas systems was the recognition of a link between CRISPRs and the associated Cas proteins, which were initially hypothesized to be involved in DNA repair in hyperthermophilic archaea. Comparative genomics, structural biology, and advanced biochemistry could then work hand in hand, not only culminating in the explosion of genome editing tools based on CRISPR-Cas9 and other class II CRISPR-Cas systems but also providing insights into the origin and evolution of this system from mobile genetic elements denoted casposons. To celebrate the 30th anniversary of the discovery of CRISPR, this minireview briefly discusses the fascinating history of CRISPR-Cas systems, from the original observation of an enigmatic sequence in E. coli to genome editing in humans.