Institution
La Trobe University
Education•Melbourne, Victoria, Australia•
About: La Trobe University is a education organization based out in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 13370 authors who have published 41291 publications receiving 1138269 citations. The organization is also known as: LaTrobe University & LTU.
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TL;DR: The high A + T%, the biased codon usage, and the increased PPC divergence of Hymenoptera can in that respect most easily be explained by directional mutation pressure which began in the Upper Carboniferous and still occurs in most members of the order.
Abstract: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by sequencing of single-stranded DNA yielded sequence information from the cytochrome b (cyt b) region in mitochondrial DNA from the ant Tetraponera rufoniger. Compared with the cyt b genes from Apis mellifera, Drosophila melanogaster, and D. yakuba, the overall A + T content (A + T%) of that of T. rufoniger is lower (69.9% vs 80.7%, 74.2%, and 73.9%, respectively) than those of the other three. The codon usage in the cyt b gene of T. rufoniger is biased although not as much as in A. mellifera, D. melanogaster, and D. yakuba; T. rufoniger has eight unused codons whereas D. melanogaster, D. yakuba, and A. mellifera have 21, 20, and 23, respectively. The inferred cyt b polypeptide chain (PPC) of T. rufoniger has diverged at least as much from a common ancestor with D. yakuba as has that of A. mellifera (∼3.5 vs ∼2.9). Despite the lower A + T%, the relative frequencies of amino acids in the cyt b PPC of T. rufoniger are significantly (P 0.1). The high A + T%, the biased codon usage, and the increased PPC divergence of Hymenoptera can in that respect most easily be explained by directional mutation pressure which began in the Upper Carboniferous and still occurs in most members of the order. Given the roughly identical A + T% of the cyt b and CO-II genes from the other insects whose DNA sequences are known (A. mellifera, D. melanogaster, and D. yakuba), it seems most likely that the A + T% of T. rufoniger declined secondarily within the last 100 Myr as a result of a reduced directional mutation pressure.
226 citations
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Wageningen University and Research Centre1, La Trobe University2, University of Melbourne3, University of Guelph4, Aarhus University5, Université Paris-Saclay6, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna7, Technische Universität München8, ETH Zurich9, University of Toulouse10, Iowa State University11, University of Milan12, University of Missouri13, University of Queensland14, University of Bern15, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture16, Teagasc17, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna18, United States Department of Agriculture19, University of Alberta20
TL;DR: A meta-analysis of data from cattle shows that the genetic architecture underlying stature is similar to that in humans, where many genomic regions individually explain only a small amount of phenotypic variance.
Abstract: Stature is affected by many polymorphisms of small effect in humans 1 . In contrast, variation in dogs, even within breeds, has been suggested to be largely due to variants in a small number of genes2,3. Here we use data from cattle to compare the genetic architecture of stature to those in humans and dogs. We conducted a meta-analysis for stature using 58,265 cattle from 17 populations with 25.4 million imputed whole-genome sequence variants. Results showed that the genetic architecture of stature in cattle is similar to that in humans, as the lead variants in 163 significantly associated genomic regions (P < 5 × 10-8) explained at most 13.8% of the phenotypic variance. Most of these variants were noncoding, including variants that were also expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) and in ChIP-seq peaks. There was significant overlap in loci for stature with humans and dogs, suggesting that a set of common genes regulates body size in mammals.
226 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the consequences of an avoidable risk of irreversible environmental catastrophe for society's optimal long-run consumption/pollution tradeoffs are considered, where the risk is assumed to be a non-decreasing function of pollution concentration which evolves as a dynamic environmental renewal process.
226 citations
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01 Jan 2002TL;DR: This chapter discusses the language situation in Australia, and discusses nouns, classifiers, genders and noun classes, as well as morphological and syntactic profiles, and the role of pronouns in this situation.
Abstract: List of maps List of abbreviations and conventions Preface Acknowledgements Conventions followed List of languages and language groups 1. The language situation in Australia 2. Modelling the language situation 3. Overview 4. Vocabulary 5. Case and other nominal suffixes 6. Verbs 7. Pronouns 8. Bound pronouns 9. Prefixing and fusion 10. Generic nouns, classifiers, genders and noun classes 11. Ergative/accusative morphological and syntactic profiles 12. Phonology 13. Genetic subgroups and small linguistic areas 14. Summary and conclusion References Index of languages, dialects and language groups Subject index.
226 citations
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TL;DR: Although a significantly higher number of injuries were recorded in the prospective study, no differences were found between the distribution of injury by anatomical location or type between the two methods of data collection.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: An 18 month prospective injury survey was conducted on 64 Australian elite and subelite female gymnasts. The aims were to determine the rate of injury, anatomical location, and types of injury incurred by female competitive gymnasts, and to compare the findings with data collected retrospectively from the same sample of gymnasts. METHODS: The gymnasts recorded (weekly) in an injury record booklet the number of hours trained and information on any injuries suffered over that week. RESULTS: The sample reported 349 injuries, a rate of 5.45 per person (6.29 for the elite and 4.95 for subelite gymnasts) over the 18 month survey. Injuries to the ankle and foot (31.2%) were the most commonly reported, followed by the lower back (14.9%). The most prevalent type of injury were sprains (29.7%), followed by strains (23.2%), and growth plate injuries (12.3%). The elite gymnasts reported that, for each injury, they missed fewer training sessions (p = 0.01), but modified more sessions (p = 0.0001) than their subelite counterparts. Further, the elite gymnasts spent 21.0% of the year training at less than full capacity because of injury. Although a significantly higher number of injuries were recorded in the prospective study (p = 0.0004), no differences were found between the distribution of injury by anatomical location or type between the two methods of data collection. CONCLUSIONS: The findings have important implications in terms of training procedures and periodic screening of gymnasts.
226 citations
Authors
Showing all 13601 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Rasmus Nielsen | 135 | 556 | 84898 |
C. N. R. Rao | 133 | 1646 | 86718 |
James Whelan | 128 | 786 | 89180 |
Jacqueline Batley | 119 | 1212 | 68752 |
Eske Willerslev | 115 | 367 | 43039 |
Jonathan E. Shaw | 114 | 629 | 108114 |
Ary A. Hoffmann | 113 | 907 | 55354 |
Mike Clarke | 113 | 1037 | 164328 |
Richard J. Simpson | 113 | 850 | 59378 |
Alan F. Cowman | 111 | 379 | 38240 |
David C. Page | 110 | 509 | 44119 |
Richard Gray | 109 | 808 | 78580 |
David S. Wishart | 108 | 523 | 76652 |
Alan G. Marshall | 107 | 1060 | 46904 |
David A. Williams | 106 | 633 | 42058 |