Ladoke Akintola University of Technology

About: Ladoke Akintola University of Technology is a education organization based out in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Adsorption. The organization has 2786 authors who have published 3066 publications receiving 36850 citations. The organization is also known as: Oyo State University of Technology & LAUTECH.

Adsorption of selected metals from cassava processing wastewater using cow-bone ash

Abstract: In this study, the efficiency of cow-bone ash (CBA) as an adsorbent for the removal of metals from real-time cassava wastewater was examined. Wastewater was characterized using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The adsorbent was characterized using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared FTIR. The effect of adsorbent dose, contact time, and agitation speed was investigated by a batch experiment performed in triplicate, and the removal efficiency of the ions calculated. Characterization of the cassava wastewater revealed that the concentration of Fe2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, and Mn2+were above the USEPA permissible limit. The adsorbent's characterization showed that it possesses crystalline nature, porous and rough surface, and the presence of C H, C = O, and C O functional groups. The optimum adsorbent dose was 0.02 g/100 mL for Fe2+ and Zn2+, and 0.04 g/100 mL for Mn2+ and Pb2 at an optimum contact time of 60 min and agitation speed of 150 rpm. The maximum metal removal efficiency obtained were 99%, 97%, 93% and 98% for Fe2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, and Mn2, respectively. Cow-bone ash offers efficient and cost-effective removal of Fe2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, and Mn2+from cassava wastewater.

Genetic divergence in two tropical maize composites after four cycles of reciprocal recurrent selection

Abstract: Two tropical maize composites were subjected to four cycles of reciprocal recurrent selection to develop divergent inbred lines with good combining ability. This study was conducted to examine the extent of genetic diversity, changes in allele composition and genetic structure, of 100 randomly selected S1 lines each from the original (C0) and advanced (C4) selection cycles of TZL COMP3 and TZL COMP4, genotyped using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Results revealed that the proportion of alleles at both low and high frequencies decreased from C0 to C4, whereas those at intermediate frequencies increased at C4 in the two composites. More unique and other alleles were lost at C4 in TZL COMP3 relative to those in TZL COMP4. The changes in different measures of genetic diversity were either small or negligible with selection in the two composites. The proportion of markers departing from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) decreased with selection, whereas the total number of pairs of markers in linkage disequilibrium increased with selection in the two composites. Examination of changes in population structures using a model-based approach as well as cluster and multivariate analyses found a high degree of concordance in stratifying the 400 S1 lines into four non-overlapping groups corresponding to the two selection cycles each within the reciprocal composites. The observed molecular-based divergence between cycles within the same composite and the clear differentiation between the complementary composites highlight the importance of reciprocal recurrent selection for preserving genetic diversity for long-term selection. This increases the potential of the advanced selection cycles to sustain genetic gain in productivity of hybrids adapted to the savannas in West and Central Africa.

Genotoxicity Assessment of Water Samples from the Sungai Dua River in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, Using the Allium cepa Test.

Abstract: Unwanted side effects from a polluted water body may not be limited to the flora and fauna, they may also be transferred to the organisms along the food chain. Four water samples collected immediately and five days after rainfall from two locations inside the polluted Sungai Dua River (SGD) were tested for toxicity using the Allium cepa assay. The samples were analysed for metal content and were both macroscopically and microscopically evaluated. The water samples contained more sodium (Na(+)) and calcium (Ca(2+)) than the control tap water, and they showed root growth and mitotic inhibitions (MI) in A. cepa. However, the inhibitory effects were not dose-dependent. No chromosomal aberration (CA) was induced at 100.00% (undiluted water sample). These results suggest the water samples from SGD had weak mitodepressive and genotoxic effects on the A. cepa cells.

CO 2 capture by aqueous ammonia process in the clean development mechanism for Nigerian oil industry

Abstract: The clean development mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol offers developing countries the opportunity to participate in the effort to reduce global greenhouse gas levels and also benefit from sustainable development opportunities. To date, the majority of CDM investments have gone to emerging markets such as China, India, Brazil, and Mexico, while developing countries such as Nigeria have largely been absent from the program. Chemical sequestration using aqueous ammonia process (AAP) offers a clean low carbon technology for the efficient conversion of captured CO2 into clean CO2 which could be injected into oil field for enhanced oil recovery or as fertilizer source. CDM-CCS (carbon capture and storage) project with AAP has the potential as intervention for leveraging sustainable livelihood development (organic fertilizer for food production) as well as for tackling local (land air and water) and global pollution (reduce methane, SOx and NOx emissions).

Effects of plant residue quality, application rate, and placement method on phosphorus availability from Sokoto rock phosphate

Abstract: Plant residues are being suggested as an amendment to enhance P release from rock phosphate, however, plant residue enhanced P release could depend on the residue quality, application rate and placement method. Effects of plant residue quality, application rate and placement method on solubility and P release from rock phosphate (PR) were studied in laboratory and field experiments. Leaves of ten woody and␣herbaceous species were incubated in a P-deficient soil with Sokoto PR under laboratory conditions to study the effects of residue quality on P release from PR. Effects of residue application rate and placement method were investigated in a field trial with five rates (0, 1, 2, 4 and 8 t DM ha−1) of leaves of Dactyladenia barteri, two placement methods (incorporation and mulching), and two levels of Sokoto PR (0 and 60 kg P ha−1) in a split-split plot design replicated three times. The plant residues were applied 4 weeks before the main season planting. Maize (main season) followed by cowpea (minor season) was used as test plant. In the laboratory incubation study, addition of plant residues increased the soil pH. Phosphorus released at 8 weeks was greater for plant residues with high C/N ratio, and low magnesium and potassium. In the field trial, soil pH was not affected by the addition of plant residues. Residue placement method showed little effects on P availability from PR. When residues were incorporated with PR, soil Olsen P was highest at lower rates of residues (1 and 2 t DM ha−1) at maize planting. Maize P concentration and P uptake were highest at the incorporation of 4 t DM ha−1 residues with PR. Incorporation at higher rate (8 t DM ha−1) resulted in the greatest P uptake of the second crop, cowpea. The study shows the potential of plant residues in enhancing P release from PR. However, there could be initial immobilization of P, but this could be overcome within a short period if residues of high C/N ratio are used. A lower rate of residues (1–4 t DM ha−1) is efficient at releasing PR–P for short-term effect especially if incorporated.