Institution
Lehigh University
Education•Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States•
About: Lehigh University is a education organization based out in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Catalysis & Fracture mechanics. The organization has 12684 authors who have published 26550 publications receiving 770061 citations.
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Papers
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine auditor independence in the banking industry by analyzing the relation between fees paid to auditors and the extent of earnings management through loan loss provisions (LLP), and find that auditor fee dependence on the audit client is associated with abnormal LLP and is a potential threat to auditor independence for small banks.
Abstract: We examine auditor independence in the banking industry by analyzing the relation between fees paid to auditors and the extent of earnings management through loan loss provisions (LLP). We also examine whether this relation differs across large banks whose managements are required under the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act to evaluate internal control over financial reporting and whose auditors must attest to the effectiveness of such internal controls, and small banks that are not subject to those requirements. We find that unexpected auditor fees are unrelated to earnings management for large banks. For small banks, we find greater earnings management via under-provisioning of LLP by banks that pay higher unexpected total and nonaudit fees to the auditor. These results suggest that auditor fee dependence on the audit client is associated with earnings management via abnormal LLP and is a potential threat to auditor independence for small banks. Our findings are relevant to...
176 citations
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176 citations
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TL;DR: A particle-cell hybrid model is developed to model NP transport, dispersion, and binding dynamics in blood suspension, which will provide mechanistic insights on the nanomedicine design for targeted drug delivery applications.
Abstract: Multifunctional nanomedicine holds considerable promise as the next generation of medicine that allows for targeted therapy with minimal toxicity. Most current studies on Nanoparticle (NP) drug delivery consider a Newtonian fluid with suspending NPs. However, blood is a complex biological fluid composed of deformable cells, proteins, platelets, and plasma. For blood flow in capillaries, arterioles and venules, the particulate nature of the blood needs to be considered in the delivery process. The existence of the cell-free-layer and NP-cell interaction will largely influence both the dispersion and binding rates, thus impact targeted delivery efficacy. In this paper, a particle-cell hybrid model is developed to model NP transport, dispersion, and binding dynamics in blood suspension. The motion and deformation of red blood cells is captured through the Immersed Finite Element Method. The motion and adhesion of individual NPs are tracked through Brownian adhesion dynamics. A mapping algorithm and an interaction potential function are introduced to consider the cell-particle collision. NP dispersion and binding rates are derived from the developed model under various rheology conditions. The influence of red blood cells, vascular flow rate, and particle size on NP distribution and delivery efficacy is characterized. A non-uniform NP distribution profile with higher particle concentration near the vessel wall is observed. Such distribution leads to over 50% higher particle binding rate compared to the case without RBC considered. The tumbling motion of RBCs in the core region of the capillary is found to enhance NP dispersion, with dispersion rate increases as shear rate increases. Results from this study contribute to the fundamental understanding and knowledge on how the particulate nature of blood influences NP delivery, which will provide mechanistic insights on the nanomedicine design for targeted drug delivery applications.
176 citations
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University of Exeter1, University of Utah2, University of Leicester3, Imperial College London4, University of Hawaii at Manoa5, Lund University6, Russian Academy of Sciences7, Lehigh University8, University of Wisconsin–La Crosse9, Bowdoin College10, University of York11, Uppsala University12, University of Toulouse13, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań14, University of Toronto15, Université du Québec à Montréal16, University of California, Los Angeles17, University of Southampton18, Met Office19, United States Geological Survey20, University of Tartu21, University of Alaska Anchorage22, University of Helsinki23, University of Victoria24, University of Nottingham25, Laval University26, Texas A&M University27, Newcastle University28, Geological Survey of Finland29, Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research30, University of Santiago de Compostela31, University of Aberdeen32, Trinity College, Dublin33, University of Queensland34, Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory35, University of Lapland36, Norwegian Polar Institute37, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources38, Champlain College39, Stockholm University40, University of Leeds41, Forestry Commission42, University of Amsterdam43, Chinese Academy of Sciences44, Northeast Normal University45
TL;DR: This article examined the global relationship between peatland carbon accumulation rates during the last millennium and planetary-scale climate space and found a positive relationship between carbon accumulation and cumulative photosynthetically active radiation during the growing season for mid-to high-latitude peatlands in both hemispheres.
Abstract: The carbon sink potential of peatlands depends on the balance of carbon uptake by plants and microbial decomposition The rates of both these processes will increase with warming but it remains unclear which will dominate the global peatland response Here we examine the global relationship between peatland carbon accumulation rates during the last millennium and planetary-scale climate space A positive relationship is found between carbon accumulation and cumulative photosynthetically active radiation during the growing season for mid- to high-latitude peatlands in both hemispheres However, this relationship reverses at lower latitudes, suggesting that carbon accumulation is lower under the warmest climate regimes Projections under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP)26 and RCP85 scenarios indicate that the present-day global sink will increase slightly until around ad 2100 but decline thereafter Peatlands will remain a carbon sink in the future, but their response to warming switches from a negative to a positive climate feedback (decreased carbon sink with warming) at the end of the twenty-first century
176 citations
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TL;DR: The authors proposed a typology to classify customer participation into three categories (mandatory, replaceable, and voluntary) and demonstrate how this proposed typology improves the conceptual and empirical clarity of CP research.
Abstract: Extant service research considers several aspects of customer participation (CP) but lacks a clear and inclusive typology that delineates CP’s domain, scope, or boundaries. To address this gap, the authors build on a review of extant literature and propose a typology to classify CP into three categories—mandatory, replaceable, and voluntary. They demonstrate how this proposed typology improves the conceptual and empirical clarity of CP research. More specifically, the authors (1) suggest using “customer participation” to replace other terminologies such as coproduction and cocreation to reduce confusion; (2) conceptualize CP, customer engagement, and customer innovation as related but distinct concepts; (3) use the proposed typology to extend existing conceptualizations, integrate prior empirical research, and reconcile conflicting findings. Building on the enhanced conceptual clarity, managerial implications and future research directions are discussed.
176 citations
Authors
Showing all 12785 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Yang Yang | 171 | 2644 | 153049 |
Gang Chen | 167 | 3372 | 149819 |
Yi Yang | 143 | 2456 | 92268 |
Mark D. Griffiths | 124 | 1238 | 61335 |
Michael Gill | 121 | 810 | 86338 |
Masaki Mori | 110 | 2200 | 66676 |
Kai Nan An | 109 | 953 | 51638 |
James R. Rice | 108 | 278 | 68943 |
Vinayak P. Dravid | 103 | 817 | 43612 |
Andrew M. Jones | 103 | 764 | 37253 |
Israel E. Wachs | 103 | 427 | 32029 |
Demetrios N. Christodoulides | 100 | 704 | 51093 |
Bert M. Weckhuysen | 100 | 767 | 40945 |
José Luis García Fierro | 100 | 1027 | 47228 |
Mordechai Segev | 99 | 729 | 40073 |