Lehigh University

About: Lehigh University is a education organization based out in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Catalysis & Fracture mechanics. The organization has 12684 authors who have published 26550 publications receiving 770061 citations.

The good, bad and ugly: distributed detection of a known signal in dependent Gaussian noise

Abstract: Most results about quantized detection rely strongly on an assumption of independence among random variables. With this assumption removed, little is known. Thus, in this paper, Bayes-optimal binary quantization for the detection of a shift in mean in a pair of dependent Gaussian random variables is studied. This is arguably the simplest meaningful problem one could consider. If results and rules are to be found, they ought to make themselves plain in this problem. For certain problem parametrizations (meaning the signals and correlation coefficient), optimal quantization is achievable via a single threshold applied to each observation-the same as under independence. In other cases, one observation is best ignored or is quantized with two thresholds; neither behavior is seen under independence. Further, and again in distinction from the case of independence, it is seen that in certain situations, an XOR fusion rule is optimal, and in these cases, the implied decision rule is bizarre. The analysis is extended to the multivariate Gaussian problem.

Porous covalent electron-rich organonitridic frameworks as highly selective sorbents for methane and carbon dioxide

Abstract: Carbon dioxide capture from point sources like coal-fired power plants is considered to be a solution for stabilizing the CO(2) level in the atmosphere to avoid global warming. Methane is an important energy source that is often highly diluted by nitrogen in natural gas. For the separation of CO(2) and CH(4) from N(2) in flue gas and natural gas, respectively, sorbents with high and reversible gas uptake, high gas selectivity, good chemical and thermal stability, and low cost are desired. Here we report the synthesis and CO(2), CH(4), and N(2) adsorption properties of hierarchically porous electron-rich covalent organonitridic frameworks (PECONFs). These were prepared by simple condensation reactions between inexpensive, commercially available nitridic and electron-rich aromatic building units. The PECONF materials exhibit high and reversible CO(2) and CH(4) uptake and exceptional selectivities of these gases over N(2). The materials do not oxidize in air up to temperature of 400 °C.

Directional transport of high-temperature Janus droplets mediated by structural topography

Abstract: Directed motion of liquid droplets is of considerable importance in various water and thermal management technologies. Although various methods to generate such motion have been developed at low temperature, they become rather ineffective at high temperature, where the droplet transits to a Leidenfrost state. In this state, it becomes challenging to control and direct the motion of the highly mobile droplets towards specific locations on the surface without compromising the effective heat transfer. Here we report that the wetting symmetry of a droplet can be broken at high temperature by creating two concurrent thermal states (Leidenfrost and contact-boiling) on a topographically patterned surface, thus engendering a preferential motion of a droplet towards the region with a higher heat transfer coefficient. The fundamental understanding and the ability to control the droplet dynamics at high temperature have promising applications in various systems requiring high thermal efficiency, operational security and fidelity. Controlled motion of a droplet on a hot surface is hampered by the formation of an evaporation layer below the droplet (Leidenfrost effect). But a cleverly patterned surface induces a Leidenfrost–contact-boiling state, directing the droplet’s motion.

Nonstoichiometry in Acceptor‐Doped BaTiO3

Abstract: The effect of added Al, as an acceptor impurity, on the equilibrium electrical conductivity of large-grained, polycrystalline BaTiO3, is consistent with a previously proposed defect model which involves only doubly ionized oxygen vacancies, electrons, holes, and acceptor impurities. The behavior is an extension of that of undoped BaTiO3, in which an accidental net acceptor excess already plays an important role. Comparison of the derived active acceptor content with the amount of added Al indicates that Al is <50% effective in creating acceptor levels. The magnitude of a small Po2-independent conductivity component, necessary to fit the observed conductivity minima, increases with added Al content. This is consistent with a contribution from extrinsic oxygen vacancy conduction.