Showing papers by "Leibniz Association published in 2022"
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduced the new terms coupling type and coupling degree, where the former qualitatively characterises the water-mediated connections of aquaponic subsystems and the latter comprises a set of parameters to quantitatively determine the coupling's efficiency of internal streams, for example, water and nutrients.
Abstract: The aquaponic principle is the coupling of animal aquaculture (e.g. fish) with plant production (e.g. vegetables) for saving resources. At present, various definitions of aquaponics exist, some bearing the risk of misinterpretation by dismissing the original meaning or being contradictory. In addition, there is no standard terminology for the aspects of coupling between the aquaponic subsystems. In this study, we addressed both issues. (1) We developed new or revised definitions that are summarised by: Aquaponic farming comprises aquaponics (which couples tank-based animal aquaculture with hydroponics) and trans-aquaponics, which extends aquaponics to tankless aquaculture as well as non-hydroponics plant cultivation methods. Within our conceptual system, the term aquaponics corresponds to the definitions of FAO and EU. (2) A system analysis approach was utilised to explore different aquaponic setups aiming to better describe the way aquaponic subsystems are connected. We introduced the new terms ‘coupling type’ and ‘coupling degree’, where the former qualitatively characterises the water-mediated connections of aquaponic subsystems. A system with on-demand nutrient water supply for the independent operating plant cultivation is an ‘on-demand coupled system’ and we propose to deprecate the counterintuitive term ‘decoupled system’ for this coupling type. The coupling degree comprises a set of parameters to quantitatively determine the coupling's efficiency of internal streams, for example, water and nutrients. This new framework forms a basis for improved communication, provides a uniform metric for comparing aquaponic facilities, and offers criteria for facility optimisation. In future system descriptions, it will simplify evaluation of the coupling's contribution to sustainability of aquaponics.
39 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the impact of impurities on the atomic structure of silica resulting in an altered ash melting behavior and viscosity of the silica-rich ashes was analyzed.
37 citations
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Gulf University for Science and Technology1, American Museum of Natural History2, Sewanee: The University of the South3, Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences4, Queen's University Belfast5, Free University of Berlin6, Leibniz Association7, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution8, University of Southern Denmark9, Université Paris-Saclay10, University of South Florida11, Aalto University12, University of Helsinki13
TL;DR: In this article, the authors collected and reviewed reported data on the economic impacts of invasive alien fishes using InvaCost, the most comprehensive global database of invasion costs, and assessed which socioeconomic sectors are most affected.
25 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a novel treatment strategy for PFOA using heat-activated persulfate in the presence of BEA35 -a BEA-structure type zeolite.
24 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, molecular networking was used as a visualization tool for UPLC/MS dataset of saffron and its common substitutes i.e. safflower and calendula.
24 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify human agency, social-institutional network structures, different spatial and temporal scales and increased complexity as key distinctive features underlying social tipping processes and propose a formal definition for social tipping process and filtering criteria for those processes that could be decisive for future trajectories towards climate action.
24 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors highlight current knowledge on nutrient-and water-related developmental processes that impact root foraging and involve auxin as a central player, and propose a deeper understanding and exploitation of these auxin-related processes and mechanisms.
22 citations
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National and Kapodistrian University of Athens1, Cardiff University2, University of Florence3, Environment Agency4, Naturalis5, Environmental Change Institute6, Leibniz Association7, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna8, Wageningen University and Research Centre9, Zoological Society of London10
TL;DR: In this paper, 65 recent specimens of a terrestrial apex predator (Common buzzard), freshwater and marine apex predators (Eurasian otter, harbour porpoise, grey seal, harbour seal) and their potential prey (bream, roach, herring, eelpout) from northern Europe (United Kingdom, Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden) were analyzed for the presence of legacy and emerging PFAS, employing a highly sensitive liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method.
22 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a new concept of green-chemical jump-thickening polishing slurry (GC-JTPS) is developed to be an environmentally-friendly fluid with including two essential capabilities: one is the chemistry-induced jumpthickenening (JT) mechanism and the other is greenchemical thickenening to enhance removal efficiency, which is explored to improve surface accuracy and to achieve high efficiency polishing for silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics.
17 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined experimental plots with known history of application of sewage sludge and found that 44% of the MP load found on sludge-applied land was found on nearby land never directly applied with sludge.
16 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented a multi-faceted comparative metabolomics approach dissecting commercially available coffee products in the Middle East region for quality assessment and functional food purposes using NMR and GC/MS platforms.
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TL;DR: In this article, the influence of the magnetic field on the electron density and temperature, how the discharge voltage is split between the cathode sheath and the ionization region, and the electron heating mechanism in a high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) discharge was analyzed.
Abstract: The magnetic field is a key feature that distinguishes magnetron sputtering from simple diode sputtering. It effectively increases the residence time of electrons close to the cathode surface and by that increases the energy efficiency of the discharge. This becomes apparent in high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) discharges, as small changes in the magnetic field can result in large variations in the discharge characteristics, notably the peak discharge current and/or the discharge voltage during a pulse. Here, we analyze the influence of the magnetic field on the electron density and temperature, how the discharge voltage is split between the cathode sheath and the ionization region, and the electron heating mechanism in a HiPIMS discharge. We relate the results to the energy efficiency of the discharge and discuss them in terms of the probability of target species ionization. The energy efficiency of the discharge is related to the fraction of pulse power absorbed by the electrons, and favors Ohmic heating of electrons in the ionization region as opposed to electron energization in the sheath. We find that the electron density and ionization probability of the sputtered species depend largely on the discharge current. The results suggest ways to adjust electron density and electron temperature using the discharge current and the magnetic field, respectively, and how these influence the ionization probability.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the micro-mechanical behavior of CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy was investigated using an in-house micro-tensile setup at room temperature and at different strain rates.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors take a step back to objectively but also critically review the facts regarding photocorrosion and applicability of Zinc Sulfide photocatalysis and find that using sacrificial agents is not reasonable as the former are constantly consumed in substantial amounts rendering the commonly claimed arguments of sustainability and economic feasibility of ZnS a potential misconception worth critically reviewing.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of trophic position (δ15N), habitat and landscape on chemical residues and screened for persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) properties using an in-silico model to unravel mismatches between predicted PBT properties and observed exposures.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors characterized the dislocation density and microstructure of the CoCrFeMnNi HEA using the neutron line profile analysis using convolution multiple whole profile (CMWP) method and EBSD in a comparison with a binary FeNi alloy.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the electronic and geometrical factors of the strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) effect in Pd/TiO2 nanoparticles were determined using NAP-XPS, ULPS, and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the potential of high-throughput hyperspectral imaging in HEB-25 was evaluated to predict leaf concentration of 15 mineral nutrients, sampled from two field experiments and four developmental stages.
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TL;DR: A comprehensive overview of existing fish-based assessment systems can be found in this article, which summarizes sampling methods, fish community traits (metrics) and the relevant anthropogenic pressures assessed by them, and concludes that the value of fishbased systems for lakes lies in their capacity to capture the effect of many different pressures and their interactions which is lacking for most assessment systems based on other biota.
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TL;DR: For instance, this paper found that being reminded of past climate-friendly behavior decreased discomfort about ongoing problematic climate-related behavior in another domain and reduced the motivation to change the latter behavior or to mitigate its consequences.
Abstract: This research provides evidence for moral-licensing effects in climate-related behavior. We recruited individuals who had not travelled by airplane for private reasons during the past two years (Study 1, n = 854) or had invested in an energetic refurbishment of their homes (Study 2, n = 596) and investigated feelings and intentions toward two different problematic behaviors, namely meat consumption (Study 1) and air travel (Study 2). In a paradigm where the order of topics in the survey was varied systematically, being reminded of past climate-friendly behavior decreased the discomfort about ongoing problematic climate-related behavior in another domain (Study 1) and reduced the motivation to change the latter behavior or to mitigate its consequences (Study 2). Strength and direction of the effect were moderated by factors such as concern about climate protection, personal relevance of the problematic behavior, as well as time since and pride about the climate-friendly behavior.
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TL;DR: In this article, the effect of heat treatment of Co-based amorphous microwires at temperatures near the crystallization onset on micromagnetic structure, magnetostriction, and magnetoimpedance was investigated.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a laser-induced plasma (LIP) was used to initiate material removal processes of the textured, multiphase SiC-SiC sample without a mechanical damage of the composite structure.
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TL;DR: In this article , the authors used Retje karst hollow (Loški Potok, Slovenia) as a representative site for mountainous and hilly rural areas in central and south-eastern Europe with residential wood combustion.
Abstract: Abstract. Residential wood combustion is a widespread practice in Europe with a serious impact on air quality, especially in mountainous areas. While there is a significant number of studies conducted in deep urbanized valleys and basins, little is known about the air pollution processes in rural shallow hollows, where around 30 % of the people in mountainous areas across Europe live. We aim to determine the influence of ground temperature inversions on wood combustion aerosol pollution in hilly, rural areas. The study uses Retje karst hollow (Loški Potok, Slovenia) as a representative site for mountainous and hilly rural areas in central and south-eastern Europe with residential wood combustion. Sampling with a mobile monitoring platform along the hollow was performed in December 2017 and January 2018. The backpack mobile monitoring platform was used for the determination of equivalent black carbon (eBC) and particulate matter (PM) mass concentrations along the hollow. To ensure high quality of mobile measurement data, intercomparisons of mobile instruments with reference instruments were performed at two air quality stations during every run. Our study showed that aerosol pollution events in the relief depression were associated with high local emission intensities originating almost entirely from residential wood burning and shallow temperature inversions (58 m on average). The eBC and PM mass concentrations showed stronger associations with the potential temperature gradient (R2=0.8) than with any other meteorological parameters taken into account (ambient temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and precipitation). The strong association between the potential temperature gradient and pollutant concentrations suggests that even a small number of emission sources (total 243 households in the studied hollow) in similar hilly and mountainous rural areas with frequent temperature inversions can significantly increase the levels of eBC and PM and deteriorate local air quality. During temperature inversions the measured mean eBC and PM2.5 mass concentrations in the whole hollow were as high as 4.5±2.6 and 48.0 ± 27.7 µg m−3, respectively, which is comparable to larger European urban centres.
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Goethe University Frankfurt1, University of Pennsylvania2, Brandenburg University of Technology3, University of Kiel4, Dresden University of Technology5, Leibniz Association6, RWTH Aachen University7, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases8, University of Marburg9, University of Cologne10, University of Ulm11
TL;DR: In this article, an MRI index capturing Alzheimer's disease-like atrophy, and atrophy-based estimates of brain age were computed from longitudinal structural imaging data of 178 PD patients and 84 healthy subjects from the LANDSCAPE cohort.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a monolithic support materials with the mechanical resistance and thermal conductivity of SiC as well as tunable surface chemistry and textural properties were developed for their use in catalytic membrane reactors.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors combined a well-known HIF-stabilizer (DFO) and a less known HIFenhancer (MIF) to synergistically induce improved fracture healing.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a triple difference event study approach was applied on rental offer price data, and the authors found that the rent control indeed has significant success, dampening rental prices by up to 5% for all dwellings (up to 9% for specific types).
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TL;DR: In this paper , the role of gene co-option and recruitment of pro-inflammatory signaling into physiological processes provides a fast-track to evolutionary innovation in the pelvic brooding ricefish Oryzias eversi.
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TL;DR: In this article, the impact of bisphenol A (BPA), BPF (BPF) and BPS (BPS) on the intestinal microbiota, immunomodulatory effects and direct effects on mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells was investigated.