Showing papers by "Leicester Royal Infirmary published in 1981"
45 citations
40 citations
TL;DR: It is essential to exclude tuberculous meningitis in any Asian patient with a persistent febrile illness even if meningism is not evident, since patients who progress to the later stages of the disease often die or are left disabled.
34 citations
TL;DR: The measurement of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins may be helpful in distinguishing toxic adenoma from Graves' disease without exophthalmos and a TSH stimulation test is essential to differentiate hemiaplasia from a hot nodule with contralateral thyroid suppression.
Abstract: Four patients with hemiaplasia of the thyroid gland presented with thyrotoxicosis. Each patient was noted to have unilateral goiter without palpable thyroid tissue on the contralateral side. Investigation of these patients included measurements of serum L-T4, T3, thyroglobulin, thyroid microsomal antibody, long acting thyroid stimulator (LATS), and long acting thyroid stimulator protector (LATS-P). In addition, an 131I thyroid scan was performed on each patient and was repeated after TSH administration (TSH stimulation test). Three patients underwent surgery; information from the remaining patient was obtained from postmortem examination. In three patients, LATS and LATS-P were undetected, and these subjects were found to have adenomas. LATS-P, without LATS, was detected in the remaining patient, and she was found to have diffuse hyperplasia. From our cases as well as a search of the world literature, three points arise. 1) Hemiaplasia is found only when attention is drawn to the thyroid gland through some other abnormality, e.g. thyrotoxicosis or goiter. The true incidence of hemiaplasia, therefore, is unknown. 2) A TSH stimulation test is essential to differentiate hemiaplasia from a hot nodule with contralateral thyroid suppression. 3) The measurement of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins may be helpful in distinguishing toxic adenoma from Graves' disease without exophthalmos.
33 citations
TL;DR: A real-time spectrum analyser interfaced to an Intel 8085 microprocessor system and programmed to calculate pulsatility index in real time, which has proved to be very reliable and most useful.
Abstract: One of the disadvantages of indices derived from ultrasonic Doppler signals is that they are not normally available instantaneously. In an attempt to overcome this problem, a real-time spectrum analyser has been interfaced to an Intel 8085 microprocessor system and programmed to calculate pulsatility index in real time. The only additional patient signal required is a simple three-lead e.c.g. which is used for timing purposes. Although the device has only been in clinical use for a short time it has proved to be very reliable and most useful.
26 citations
TL;DR: The PTB cast has been found to be an effective and safe method for the treatment of tibial shaft fractures and the speed of healing is close to that reported by Sarmiento.
Abstract: A prospective series of 145 fractures of the tibia was treated with the Sarmiento below-knee functional cast between 1973 and 1979. In only 3 patients was it not possible to use the cast for reasons connected with the method. The cast was applied in 88 per cent of cases within 4 weeks of injury. Control of angulatory deformity and shortening was satisfactory and the results approach those reported by Sarmiento. The results regarding the speed of healing also stand comparison with Sarmiento's but difficulties inherent in the interpretation of these results are discussed. The PTB cast has been found to be an effective and safe method for the treatment of tibial shaft fractures.
16 citations
TL;DR: There is a considerable variation in the fields produced by transducers of the same type, and the correspondence between the theoretical and experimental results can be improved in most cases by using a model in which each crystal vibrates like a flexible plate rather than like a rigid piston.
Abstract: A knowledge of the shape of the fields generated by Doppler ultrasonic probes is of particular importance in vessel imaging and in blood flow research. In this study the combined effects of the transmitting and receiving crystals of four types of commonly used Doppler probe have been calculated numerically using two different theoretical models, and the results compared with experimental measurements. The results show that there is a considerable variation in the fields produced by transducers of the same type, and that the correspondence between the theoretical and experimental results can be improved in most cases by using a model in which each crystal vibrates like a flexible plate rather than like a rigid piston. Theoretical iso-echo contours at various distances from the transducer face are presented for each of the four types of transducers studied.
16 citations
15 citations
TL;DR: Using a radioreceptor assay, the concentration of γ‐aminobutyric acid in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was found to be elevated significantly following a single deep‐freeze to –70°C and thaw, which could result in the incorrect interpretation of results in patients suffering from neurological diseases.
Abstract: Using a radioreceptor assay, the concentration of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was found to be elevated significantly following a single deep-freeze to --70 degrees C and thaw. Mean CSF GABA (+/- SD) in unfrozen CSF was 173 +/0 73 pmol/ml (n = 24). After a single deep-freeze, the mean level was 243 +/- 106 pmol/ml (p less than 0.02). Subsequent freeze-thaw cycles resulted in further irregular and unpredictable elevations in CSF GABA. Mean level after two freezes was 379 +/- 125 pmol/ml and after three freezes 654 +/- 411 pmol/ml. These changes could result in the incorrect interpretation of results in patients suffering from neurological diseases.
14 citations
TL;DR: A simple method is described, using polystyrene microcarrier beads, that allows cell monolayers to be prepared without distortion for transmission electron microscopy.
Abstract: SUMMARY
A simple method is described, using polystyrene microcarrier beads, that allows cell monolayers to be prepared without distortion for transmission electron microscopy.
Cells cultured on polystyrene beads (Biosilon R, Nunc, Kamstrup, Denmark) are held in an agar matrix. Before embedding, the beads are dissolved in 1, 2-epoxypropane.
The technique increases the number of observable cells, when compared to preparations of planar monolayers, and there is good preservation of morphological detail.
9 citations
TL;DR: External auditory canal temperature changes during profound hypothermia were studied experimentally in dogs and clinically in patients undergoing open-heart surgery, and tympanic membrane temperature provided a better approximation to brain temperatures measured in four dogs to below 20°C than did either of the other two methods.
Abstract: External auditory canal temperature changes during profound hypothermia were studied experimentally in ten dogs and clinically in 20 patients undergoing open-heart surgery. The results were compared with nasopharyngeal and lower oesophageal temperatures. Tympanic membrane temperature provided a better approximation to brain temperatures measured in four dogs to below 20 degrees C than did either of the other two methods. In patients, auditory canal temperature showed less variability with respect to oesophageal temperature and fell at a faster rate than did nasopharyngeal temperature. It did not appear to be subject to positional or other artefacts but four patients showed evidence of auditory canal trauma. The precise relationship between auditory canal or tympanic membrane temperature and brain temperature during profound hypothermia is not established. Routine otoscopic examination should accompany the use of an ear probe.
TL;DR: There was a significant increase in activity in late pregnancy and a further increase in post‐delivery specimens when compared with non‐pregnant tissue.
TL;DR: It is suggested that there should be routine training of psychiatrists, mental nurses, social workers and other disciplines in collaborative assessment and treatment of the adult psychiatric patient's role as mother.
TL;DR: There was a mild to moderate anaemia and markedly abnormal red cell morphology in three siblings homozygous for G gamma delta beta thalassaemia in an Indian family.
Abstract: This report describes the clinical and haematological findings in three siblings homozygous for G gamma delta beta thalassaemia in an Indian family. There was a mild to moderate anaemia and markedly abnormal red cell morphology. Haemoglobin analysis showed 100% Hb F, solely of the G gamma type, with a pancellular but uneven distribution. Considerable chain imbalance was detectable in globin synthesis studies. In contrast to five previously reported cases, these children were essentially asymptomatic and have never required transfusions.