Leicester Royal Infirmary

About: Leicester Royal Infirmary is a healthcare organization based out in Leicester, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Carotid endarterectomy. The organization has 5300 authors who have published 6204 publications receiving 208464 citations.

Embolus trajectory through a physical replica of the major cerebral arteries.

Abstract: Background and Purpose— The observed distribution of cerebral infarcts varies markedly from expectations based on blood-flow volume or Doppler embolus detection. In this study, we used an in vitro model of the cerebral arteries to test whether embolus microspheres encountering the circle of Willis are carried proportionally to volume flow or express a preferred trajectory related to arterial morphology or embolus size. Methods— Our model consisted of a patient-specific silicone replica of the cerebral macrocirculation featuring physiologically realistic pulsatile flow of a blood-mimicking fluid at approximately 1000 mL/min and an input pressure of approximately 150/70 mm Hg. Particles of 200, 500, and 1000 μm diameter with equivalent density to thrombus were introduced to the carotid arteries and counted on exiting the model outlets. Results— The middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) of the replica attracted a disproportionate number of emboli compared with the anterior cerebral arteries; 98%±3% of 1000 μm and ...

A genome-wide association study identifies susceptibility loci for Wilms tumor

Abstract: Nazneen Rahman and colleagues report the results of a genome-wide association study of Wilms tumor. They show that common variants at 2p24 and 11q14 influence susceptibility to this rare pediatric kidney tumor.

The plasmin cascade and matrix metalloproteinases in non-small cell lung cancer

Abstract: There are several steps involved in the metastatic spread of cancer from the primary tumour to a secondary remote site. Firstly, the cancer cells have to escape from the primary site and then intravasate into the blood or lymphatic circulation. The cells must survive transportation in the circulation before extravasating at a distant site. These cells then need to establish themselves at the new site before growth and replication can occur to form a metastatic colony. During this time the malignant cell has to avoid destruction by the host immune system. Vital to the growth of both the primary and metastatic disease is the capacity of the tumour to induce breakdown of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the formation of a blood supply through new blood vessel formation, a process known as angiogenesis. The ECM is a framework of proteins and proteoglycans secreted by and surrounding stromal fibroblasts. It gives structural support to cells and plays a central role in cell adhesion, diVerentiation, proliferation, and migration. The ECM is separated from epithelial cells by a basement membrane which is made up of type IV collagen and creates a scaVold upon which heparan sulphate, laminin, and other components are arranged. 1

Effect of topical lignocaine on the sympathodrenal responses to tracheal intubation

Abstract: The catecholamine and cardiovascular responses to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation have been studied in 30 patients undergoing elective gynaecological surgery, allocated randomly to one of three groups: group 1 received 4% lignocaine 160mg using a Forrester Spray; group 2 received 4% lignocaine 160 mg by "Laryng-o-jet"; group 3 received an equal volume of saline administered by Forrester Spray. In all three groups, there were similar and statistically significant increases in mean arterial pressure and plasma adrenaline and noradrenal-ine concentrations 1 min after intubation, with diminution of these responses by 5 min after intubation. There were no differences between the three groups at any stage, which suggests that topical anaesthesia of the mucosa of the upper airway, as performed conventionally, is ineffective as a means of ameliorating the pressor and catecholamine responses to routine laryngoscopy and intubation.