Lincoln Hospital

About: Lincoln Hospital is a healthcare organization based out in New York, New York, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Emergency department. The organization has 1033 authors who have published 929 publications receiving 14486 citations. The organization is also known as: Lincoln Medical and Mental Health Center & Lincoln Hospital.

Candiduria as an early marker of disseminated infection in critically ill surgical patients: the role of fluconazole therapy.

Abstract: The significance of candiduria in critically ill patients remains unclear. It may represent harmless colonization or a potentially life-threatening infection. We analyzed 47 patients in the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) (trauma: 20, general surgery: 15, neurosurgery: 12) who had candiduria, defined by a colony count greater than 100,000/mL. Twenty-seven of these patients were studied retrospectively. Twenty were evaluated prospectively. All patients were receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics for bacterial infections. Retrospective group: ten patients (group A) did not develop disseminated candidiasis, whereas 17 patients (group B) did. Group B had higher APACHE II scores on admission (13.4 +/- 7.8) and at the time of candiduria (13.7 +/- 4.4) when compared with group A [admission: 5.0 +/- 4.6; candiduria: 6.7 +/- 3.6 (p < 0.02)]. In group B, disseminated candidiasis was not diagnosed and treated until 9.9 +/- 4.4 days after development of candiduria. Prospective group: twenty patients with candiduria were treated with systemic fluconazole (group C) at the time of candiduria. The APACHE II scores of group C on admission (12.8 +/- 3.9) and at the time of candiduria (10.5 +/- 4.0) were comparable with those of group B. No patient in Group C developed disseminated candidiasis. The septic mortality rates of groups A, B, and C were 0%, 53%, and 5%, respectively (p < 0.05-0.0001). In patients exhibiting ongoing sepsis and organ failure (high APACHE scores), candiduria may be an early indicator of systemic infection. Diagnosis of disseminated infection and its treatment may be delayed if conventional criteria for candidiasis (positive blood cultures, multiple site isolation) are awaited.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult-onset Still's disease-pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and new treatment options.

Abstract: Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD), a systemic inflammatory disorder, is often considered a part of the spectrum of the better-known systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis, with later age onset. The diagnosis is primarily clinical and necessitates the exclusion of a wide range of mimicking disorders. AOSD is a heterogeneous entity, usually presenting with high fever, arthralgia, skin rash, lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly accompanied by systemic manifestations. The diagnosis is clinical and empirical, where patients are required to meet inclusion and exclusion criteria with negative immunoserological results. There are no clear-cut diagnostic radiological or laboratory signs. Complications of AOSD include transient pulmonary hypertension, macrophage activation syndrome, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and amyloidosis. Common laboratory abnormalities include neutrophilic leukocytosis, abnormal liver function tests, and elevated acute-phase reactants (ESR, CRP, ferritin). Treatment consists of anti-inflammatory medications. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have limited efficacy, and corticosteroid therapy and disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs are usually required. Recent advances have revealed a pivotal role of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-18 in disease pathogenesis, giving rise to the development of novel targeted therapies aiming at optimal disease control. The review aims to summarize recent advances in pathophysiology and potential therapeutic strategies in AOSD.

The resident experience on trauma: declining surgical opportunities and career incentives? Analysis of data from a large multi-institutional study.

Abstract: Purpose: The surgical resident experience with trauma has changed. Many residents are exposed to predominantly nonoperative patient care experiences while on trauma rotations. Data from a large multicenter study were analyzed to estimate surgical resident exposure to trauma laparotomy, diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL), and focused abdominal sonography for trauma (U/S). Methods: Centers completed a self-report questionnaire on their institutional demographics, admissions, and procedure for a 2-year period (1998-1999). Results: A total of 82 trauma centers that provide resident teaching were included. The included centers represent over 247,000 trauma admissions. The majority of trauma centers (65.9%) had > 80% blunt injury. Although all centers performed laparotomies, other results were more variable. For U/S, 24.2% performed none at all and 47.0% performed fewer than two U/S examinations per month. For DPLs, 3.8% performed none and 66.7% performed fewer than two per month. Assuming 1 night of 4 on call, the average surgical resident training at a trauma center performing > 80% blunt trauma has the potential to participate in only 15 trauma laparotomies, 6 diagnostic peritoneal lavages, and 45 ultrasound examinations per year. In addition, the resident will care for an average of 500 blunt trauma patients before performing a splenectomy or liver repair. Conclusion: Surgical resident experience on most trauma services is heavily weighted to nonoperative management, with a relatively low number of procedures, little experience with DPL, and highly variable experience with ultrasound. These data have serious implications for resident training and recruitment into the specialty.

Effectiveness of SBIRT for Alcohol Use Disorders in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review

Abstract: Introduction: Alcohol use disorders (AUD) place a significant burden on individuals and society. Theemergency department (ED) offers a unique opportunity to address AUD with brief screening tools andearly intervention. We undertook a systematic review of the effectiveness of ED brief interventions forpatients identified through screening who are at risk for AUD, and the effectiveness of these interventionsat reducing alcohol intake and preventing alcohol-related injuries.Methods: We conducted systematic electronic database searches to include randomized controlled trialsof AUD screening, brief intervention, referral, and treatment (SBIRT), from January 1966 to April 2016. Twoauthors graded and abstracted data from each included paper.Results: We found 35 articles that had direct relevance to the ED with enrolled patients ranging from12 to 70 years of age. Multiple alcohol screening tools were used to identify patients at risk for AUD.Brief intervention (BI) and brief motivational intervention (BMI) strategies were compared to a controlintervention or usual care. Thirteen studies enrolling a total of 5,261 participants reported significantdifferences between control and intervention groups in their main alcohol-outcome criteria of number ofdrink days and number of units per drink day. Sixteen studies showed a reduction of alcohol consumptionin both the control and intervention groups; of those, seven studies did not identify a significant interventioneffect for the main outcome criteria, but nine observed some significant differences between BI and controlconditions for specific subgroups (i.e., adolescents and adolescents with prior history of drinking anddriving; women 22 years old or younger; low or moderate drinkers); or secondary outcome criteria (e.g.reduction in driving while intoxicated).Conclusion: Moderate-quality evidence of targeted use of BI/BMI in the ED showed a small reduction inalcohol use in low or moderate drinkers, a reduction in the negative consequences of use (such as injury),and a decline in ED repeat visits for adults and children 12 years of age and older. BI delivered in the EDappears to have a short-term effect in reducing at-risk drinking.