Showing papers by "Linköping University published in 2006"
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01 Jan 2006TL;DR: In this paper, the Jacobian is used to describe the relationship between rigid motions and homogeneous transformations, and a linear algebraic approach is proposed for vision-based control of dynamical systems.
Abstract: Preface. 1. Introduction. 2. Rigid Motions and Homogeneous Transformations. 3. Forward and Inverse Kinematics. 4. Velocity Kinematics-The Jacobian. 5. Path and Trajectory Planning. 6. Independent Joint Control. 7. Dynamics. 8. Multivariable Control. 9. Force Control. 10. Geometric Nonlinear Control. 11. Computer Vision. 12. Vision-Based Control. Appendix A: Trigonometry. Appendix B: Linear Algebra. Appendix C: Dynamical Systems. Appendix D: Lyapunov Stability. Index.
3,100 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with elevated liver enzymes is associated with a clinically significant risk of developing end‐stage liver disease and Survival is lower in patients with NASH, and most NAFLD patients will develop diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance in the long term.
2,149 citations
TL;DR: Current knowledge on global patterns of influenza virus infections in wild birds is reviewed, these patterns are discussed in the context of host ecology and in particular birds' behavior, and some important gaps in current knowledge are identified.
Abstract: The outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza of the H5N1 subtype in Asia, which has subsequently spread to Russia, the Middle East, Europe, and Africa, has put increased focus on the role of wild birds in the persistence of influenza viruses. The ecology, epidemiology, genetics, and evolution of pathogens cannot be fully understood without taking into account the ecology of their hosts. Here, we review our current knowledge on global patterns of influenza virus infections in wild birds, discuss these patterns in the context of host ecology and in particular birds' behavior, and identify some important gaps in our current knowledge.
1,726 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the development and application of magnetron sputtering systems for ionized physical vapor deposition (IPVD) is reviewed, and the application of a secondary discharge, inductively coupled plasma magnetron (ICP-MS), microwave amplified magnetron, and self-sustained sputtering (SSS) is discussed as well as the hollow cathode magnetron discharges.
972 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate the correlation between microstructure and mechanical as well as tribological properties of hard ceramic coatings and demonstrate that nanostructure dependent hardness increase (compared to hardness of the bulk counterparts) sustains higher annealing temperatures than hardness increase due to an increased density of point-and/or line-defects.
820 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyze the principles and results of lean production and compare the lean production philosophy with the six sigma quality process and the principles of total quality management (TQM).
Abstract: Purpose - The authors analyze the principles and results of lean production and compare the lean production philosophy with the six sigma quality process and the principles of total quality management (TQM). At the end of the paper, it is discussed how to build the necessary company culture for having success with these principles/management philosophies. Design/methodology/approach - Literature search and comparative analysis complemented with a Danish case on wastage in a core process. Findings - It is shown that the lean production philosophy and the six sigma steps are essentially the same and both have developed from the same root - the Japanese TQM practices. The improvement process from six sigma, the DMAIC process, can be regarded as a short version of the Quality Story, which was developed in Japan in the 1960s as a standard for QC-circle presentations. We conclude that the roadmaps of lean production and six sigma quality are examples of new alternative TQM roadmaps. We also conclude that especially with lean production and six sigma quality there seems to be too much focus on training people intools and techniques and at the same time too little focus on understanding the human factor, i.e. how to build the right company culture. Originality/value - The detailed and historical analysis of six sigma quality, lean production and TQM combined with a focus on the human factor and the needed corporate culture. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
695 citations
TL;DR: Overall injury incidences were similar between consecutive seasons, indicating that an injury surveillance study covering one full season can provide a reasonable overview of the injury problem among elite football players in a specific environment, but a prolonged study period is recommended for analyses of specific injury patterns.
Abstract: Background: Previous injury is often proposed to be a risk factorfor football injury, but most studies rely on players reportingtheir own medical history and are thus potentially subject torecall b ...
591 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a meta-analysis was conducted to consolidate the results of studies presenting normative values for grip strength obtained with the Jamar dynamometer in accordance with the recommendations of the American Society of Hand Therapists.
498 citations
TL;DR: The effects of low and high gestational weight gain, in different maternal Body Mass Index (BMI) classes, on obstetric and neonatal outcomes are estimated.
481 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of the solvent on the morphol. and performance of polymer solar cells was studied in devices based on blends of the polyfluorene copolymer, poly(2,7-(9,9-dioctyl-fluorenea)-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2', 1',3'-benzothiadiazole)), and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid Me ester.
Abstract: The influence of the solvent on the morphol. and performance of polymer solar cells was studied in devices based on blends of the polyfluorene copolymer, poly(2,7-(9,9-dioctyl-fluorene)-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2', 1',3'-benzothiadiazole)), and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid Me ester. The blends are spin-coated from CHCl3 or from CHCl3 mixed with small amts. of xylene, toluene, or chlorobenzene. The devices are characterized under monochromatic light and AM1.5 solar illumination. An enhancement of the photocurrent d. was obsd. in diodes made from CHCl3 mixed with chlorobenzene, and a decreased photocurrent d. is obsd. in diodes made from CHCl3 mixed with xylene or toluene, compared to diodes made from neat CHCl3. The open-circuit voltages are almost the same for all diodes. The surfaces of the active layers were imaged with AFM. Height images indicate that a finer and more uniform distribution of domains corresponds to the diodes with enhanced photocurrent that are made from CHCl3 mixed with chlorobenzene, while a structure with larger domains is assocd. with the lower photocurrents in the diodes made from CHCl3 mixed with xylene or toluene. The influence of the morphol. on the excited-state dynamics and charge generation was studied using time-resolved spectroscopy. Fast formation of bound charge pairs followed by their conversion into free charge carriers was resolved, and excitation-intensity-dependent non-geminate recombination of free charges was obsd. A significant enhancement in free-charge-carrier generation was obsd. on introducing chlorobenzene into CHCl3. Imaging photocurrent generation from the solar cells with a light-pulse technique shows an inhomogeneous photocurrent distribution, which is related to the undulations in the thickness of the active layer. Thicker parts of the diodes yield higher photocurrent values. [on SciFinder (R)]
445 citations
01 Sep 2006
TL;DR: In this paper a comparison is made between four frequently encountered resampling algorithms for particle filters and a theoretical framework is introduced to be able to understand and explain the differences between the resamplings algorithms.
Abstract: In this paper a comparison is made between four frequently encountered resampling algorithms for particle filters. A theoretical framework is introduced to be able to understand and explain the differences between the resampling algorithms. This facilitates a comparison of the algorithms with respect to their resampling quality and computational complexity. Using extensive Monte Carlo simulations the theoretical results are verified. It is found that systematic resampling is favourable, both in terms of resampling quality and computational complexity.
TL;DR: It is reported that the ability of cyclin D1 to activate cyclin-dependent kinase CDK4 underlies the critical role for cyclinD1 in breast cancer formation and the continued presence ofCDK4-associated kinase activity is required to maintain breast tumorigenesis.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a new strategy for companies that have traditionally focused on selling products, spare parts and services, but face difficulties with increasing competition and declining margins, and they are therefore turning to new strategies.
TL;DR: How a performance measurement system called 'the flow model' is designed to measure changes towards lean thinking in health care services is discussed.
Abstract: Purpose: To discuss how a performance measurement system called 'the flow model' is designed to measure changes towards lean thinking in health care services.
Design/methodology/approach: Integrate ...
TL;DR: The results from this study support the continued use and development of Internet-distributed, self-help programs for people diagnosed with social phobia.
Abstract: Sixty-four individuals with social phobia (social anxiety disorder) were assigned to a multimodal cognitive-behavioral treatment package or to a waiting list control group. Treatment consisted of a ...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate a number of possibilities based on economic models including Shapley value, the nucleolus, separable and non-separable costs, shadow prices and volume weights.
Abstract: Transportation planning is an important part of the wood flow chain in forestry. There are often several forest companies operating in the same region and co-ordination between two or more companies is rare. However, there is an increasing interest in collaborative planning as the potential savings are large, often in the range 5-15%. A key question is how savings should be distributed among the participants. In this paper we investigate a number of possibilities based on economic models including Shapley value, the nucleolus, separable and non-separable costs, shadow prices and volume weights. We also propose a new allocation method based on finding as equal relative profits as possible among the participants. A case study including eight forest companies is described and analyzed.
TL;DR: In this article, an anti-aging strategy may involve not only overall reduction of oxidative stress, but also the use of intralysosomal iron chelators hampering Fenton-type chemistry as well as the stimulation of cellular degradative systems.
Abstract: Normal metabolism is associated with unavoidable mild oxidative stress resulting in biomolecular damage that cannot be totally repaired or removed by cellular degradative systems, including lysosomes, proteasomes, and cytosolic and mitochondrial proteases. Consequently, irreversibly damaged and functionally defective structures (biological 'garbage') accumulate within long-lived postmitotic cells, such as cardiac myocytes and neurons, leading to progressive loss of adaptability and increased probability of death and characterizing a process called aging, or senescence. Intralysosomal 'garbage' is represented by lipofuscin (age pigment), an undegradable autophagocytosed material, while extralysosomal 'garbage' involves oxidatively modified cytosolic proteins, altered biomembranes, defective mitochondria and other organelles. In aged postmitotic cells, heavily lipofuscin-loaded lysosomes perform poorly, resulting in the enhanced accumulation of defective mitochondria, which in turn produce more reactive oxygen species causing additional damage (the mitochondrial-lysosomal axis theory). Potential anti-aging strategies may involve not only overall reduction of oxidative stress, but also the use of intralysosomal iron chelators hampering Fenton-type chemistry as well as the stimulation of cellular degradative systems.
TL;DR: In this article, an efficient near-IR polymer solar cells based on the low-bandgap alternating fluorene copolymer APFO-Green 5 exhibit a photoresponse up to 800 nm.
Abstract: Efficient near-IR polymer solar cells based on the low-bandgap alternating fluorene copolymer APFO-Green 5 exhibit a photoresponse up to 800 nm. The copolymer performs well in combination with the common electron acceptor [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid Me ester (PCBM), reaching a power-conversion efficiency of 2.2% with a lower PCBM content in the active layer than previous devices based on low-bandgap polymers. [on SciFinder (R)]
Linköping University1, University of Kansas2, University of Vermont3, University of Copenhagen4, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center5, University of Göttingen6, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio7, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center8, University of Manchester9, Royal Adelaide Hospital10, University of Toronto11
TL;DR: Recommendations about antiemetic prophylaxis in patients receiving treatment with chemo- and radiotherapy have been updated by representatives of nine oncological organizations.
TL;DR: In unselected patients with STEMI, primary PCI, which compared favorably with IHT and PHT, was associated with reduced duration of hospital stay, readmission, reinfarction, and mortality.
Abstract: Context: Whether the superior results of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) reported in clinical trials in which patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) received repe ...
TL;DR: In this paper, the energy distribution of sputtered and ionized metal atoms as well as ions from the sputtering gas was reported for a high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HIPIMS) discharge.
TL;DR: Variations in definitions and methodologies have created differences in the results and conclusions obtained from studies of football injuries; this has made inter‐study comparisons difficult.
Abstract: Variations in definitions and methodologies have created differences in the results and conclusions obtained from studies of football injuries; this has made inter-study comparisons difficult. An Injury Consensus Group was established under the auspices of FIFA Medical Assessment and Research Centre. Using a nominal group consensus model approach, a working document that identified the key issues related to definitions, methodology and implementation was discussed by members of the group during a 2-day meeting. Following this meeting, iterative draft statements were prepared and circulated to members of the group for comment before the final consensus statement was produced. Definitions of injury, recurrent injury, severity and training and match exposures in football together with criteria for classifying injuries in terms of location, type, diagnosis and causation are proposed. Proforma for recording players' baseline information, injuries and training and match exposures are presented. Recommendations are made on how the incidence of match and training injuries should be reported and a checklist of issues and information that should be included in published reports of studies of football injuries is presented. The definitions and methodology proposed in the consensus statement will ensure that consistent and comparable results will be obtained from studies of football injuries.
TL;DR: The majority of patients with epilepsy maintain seizure control during pregnancy, and the apparently higher risk of seizures among women treated with ox carbazepine and the more frequent increases in drug load in the oxcarbazepines and lamotrigine cohorts prompts further studies on relationships with pharmacokinetic changes.
Abstract: Objective: To analyze seizure control and treatment in pregnant women with epilepsy. Methods: Seizure control and treatment were recorded prospectively in 1,956 pregnancies of 1,882 women with epilepsy participating in EURAP, an international antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and pregnancy registry. Results: Of all cases, 58.3% were seizure-free throughout pregnancy. Occurrence of any seizures was associated with localization-related epilepsy (OR: 2.5; 1.7 to 3.9) and polytherapy (OR: 9.0; 5.6 to 14.8) and for tonic-clonic seizures, with oxcarbazepine monotherapy (OR: 5.4; 1.6 to 17.1). Using first trimester as reference, seizure control remained unchanged throughout pregnancy in 63.6%, 92.7% of whom were seizure-free during the entire pregnancy. For those with a change in seizure frequency, 17.3% had an increase and 15.9% a decrease. Seizures occurred during delivery in 60 pregnancies (3.5%), more commonly in women with seizures during pregnancy (OR: 4.8; 2.3 to 10.0). There were 36 cases of status epilepticus (12 convulsive), which resulted in stillbirth in one case but no cases of miscarriage or maternal mortality. AED treatment remained unchanged in 62.7% of the pregnancies. The number or dosage of AEDs were more often increased in pregnancies with seizures (OR: 3.6; 2.8 to 4.7) and with monotherapy with lamotrigine (OR: 3.8; 2.1 to 6.9) or oxcarbazepine (OR: 3.7; 1.1 to 12.9). Conclusions: The majority of patients with epilepsy maintain seizure control during pregnancy. The apparently higher risk of seizures among women treated with oxcarbazepine and the more frequent increases in drug load in the oxcarbazepine and lamotrigine cohorts prompts further studies on relationships with pharmacokinetic changes. Risks associated with status epilepticus appear to be lower than previously reported.
TL;DR: The 5-year outcome of this trial indicates sustained benefit of an early invasive strategy in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome at moderate to high risk.
TL;DR: The physical and chemical properties of wide bandgap semiconductors silicon carbide and diamond make these materials an ideal choice for device fabrication for applications in many different areas, e.g. light emitters, high temperature and high power electronics, high power microwave devices, micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) technology, and substrates as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The physical and chemical properties of wide bandgap semiconductors silicon carbide and diamond make these materials an ideal choice for device fabrication for applications in many different areas, e.g. light emitters, high temperature and high power electronics, high power microwave devices, micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) technology, and substrates. These semiconductors have been recognized for several decades as being suitable for these applications, but until recently the low material quality has not allowed the fabrication of high quality devices. Silicon carbide and diamond based electronics are at different stages of their development. An overview of the status of silicon carbide's and diamond's application for high temperature electronics is presented.
TL;DR: Platelets influence only the early phases of regeneration, but this allows mechanical stimulation to start driving neo-tendon development at an earlier time point, which kept it constantly ahead of the controls.
Abstract: Background Mechanical stimulation improves the repair of ruptured tendons. Injection of a platelet concentrate (platelet-rich plasma, PRP) can also improve repair in several animal models. In a rat Achilles tendon transection model, 1 postoperative injection resulted in increased strength after 4 weeks. Considering the short half-lives of factors released by platelets, this very late effect calls for an explanation.Methods We studied the effects of platelets on Achilles tendon regenerates in rats 3, 5 and 14 days after transection. The tendons were either unloaded by Botulinum toxin A (Botox) injections into the calf muscles, or mechanically stimulated in activity cages. No Botox injections and ordinary cages, respectively, served as controls. Repair was evaluated by tensile testing.Results At 14 days, unloading (with Botox) abolished any effect of the platelets and reduced the mechanical properties of the repair tissue to less than half of normal. Thus, some mechanical stimulation is a prerequisite for t...
TL;DR: Electron spin resonance spectroscopy has been used to study the conduction electron spin resonance (CESR) of small silver particles stabilized in dehydrated Ag-rho zeolite and diameter of the stabilized particles was calculated based on the linewidth of CESR signal using Kawabata theory.
TL;DR: It is found that rare individuals moved out of the IRP category by a process of immune suppression, including increases in IL-6 and IL-10 and decreases in the number of CD3+CD8+CD28- cells, may allow insight into remedial approaches for those who remain in theIRP category until death.
TL;DR: No evidence of a greater risk of injury was found when football was played on artificial turf compared with natural grass, but the higher incidence of ankle sprain on Artificial turf warrants further attention, although this result should be interpreted with caution as the number of ankle sprains was low.
Abstract: Objective: To compare injury risk in elite football played on artificial turf compared with natural grass. Design: Prospective two-cohort study. Setting: Male European elite football leagues. Participants: 290 players from 10 elite European clubs that had installed third-generation artificial turf surfaces in 2003–4, and 202 players from the Swedish Premier League acting as a control group. Main outcome measure: Injury incidence. Results: The incidence of injury during training and match play did not differ between surfaces for the teams in the artificial turf cohort: 2.42 v 2.94 injuries/1000 training hours and 19.60 v 21.48 injuries/1000 match hours for artificial turf and grass respectively. The risk of ankle sprain was increased in matches on artificial turf compared with grass (4.83 v 2.66 injuries/1000 match hours; rate ratio 1.81, 95% confidence interval 1.00 to 3.28). No difference in injury severity was seen between surfaces. Compared with the control cohort who played home games on natural grass, teams in the artificial turf cohort had a lower injury incidence during match play (15.26 v 23.08 injuries/1000 match hours; rate ratio 0.66, 95% confidence interval 0.48 to 0.91). Conclusions: No evidence of a greater risk of injury was found when football was played on artificial turf compared with natural grass. The higher incidence of ankle sprain on artificial turf warrants further attention, although this result should be interpreted with caution as the number of ankle sprains was low.
TL;DR: Evidence is provided to support the use of treatment distributed via the Internet with the addition of short weekly telephone calls to treat panic disorder and compare self-help and telephone treatment based on cognitive behavior methods with nonspecific interventions.
Abstract: Objective: This study evaluated a 10-week Internet-based bibliotherapy self-help program with short weekly telephone calls for people suffering from panic disorder with or without agoraphobia. Meth ...