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Institution

Linköping University

EducationLinköping, Sweden
About: Linköping University is a education organization based out in Linköping, Sweden. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Thin film. The organization has 15671 authors who have published 50013 publications receiving 1542189 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Although a preventive effect of probiotics on infant Eczema was not confirmed, the treated infants had less IgE-associated eczema at 2 years of age and therefore possibly run a reduced risk to develop later respiratory allergic disease.
Abstract: Background An altered microbial exposure may underlie the increase of allergic diseases in affluent societies. Probiotics may alleviate and even prevent eczema in infants. Objective To prevent eczema and sensitization in infants with a family history of allergic disease by oral supplementation with the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri . Methods Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, which comprised 232 families with allergic disease, of whom 188 completed the study. The mothers received L reuteri ATCC 55730 (1 × 10 8 colony forming units) daily from gestational week 36 until delivery. Their babies then continued with the same product from birth until 12 months of age and were followed up for another year. Primary outcome was allergic disease, with or without positive skin prick test or circulating IgE to food allergens. Results The cumulative incidence of eczema was similar, 36% in the treated versus 34% in the placebo group. The L reuteri group had less IgE-associated eczema during the second year, 8% versus 20% ( P = .02), however. Skin prick test reactivity was also less common in the treated than in the placebo group, significantly so for infants with mothers with allergies, 14% versus 31% ( P = .02). Wheeze and other potentially allergic diseases were not affected. Conclusion Although a preventive effect of probiotics on infant eczema was not confirmed, the treated infants had less IgE-associated eczema at 2 years of age and therefore possibly run a reduced risk to develop later respiratory allergic disease. Clinical implication Probiotics may reduce the incidence of IgE-associated eczema in infancy.

469 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A certain class of methods to select suitable models of dynamical stochastic systems from measured input-output data is considered, based on a comparison between the measured outputs and the outputs of a candidate model.
Abstract: A certain class of methods to select suitable models of dynamical stochastic systems from measured input-output data is considered. The methods are based on a comparison between the measured outputs and the outputs of a candidate model. Depending on the set of models that is used, such methods are known under a variety of names, like output-error methods, equation-error methods, maximum-likelihood methods, etc. General results are proved concerning the models that are selected asymptotically as the number of observed data tends to infinity. For these results it is not assumed that the true system necessarily can be exactly represented within the chosen set of models. In the particular case when the model set contains the system, general consistency results are obtained and commented upon. Rather than to seek an exact description of the system, it is usually more realistic to be content with a suitable approximation of the true system with reasonable complexity properties. Here, the consequences of such a viewpoint are discussed.

468 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Training-related hamstring injury rates in male professional footballers over 13 consecutive seasons have increased substantially since 2001 but match-related injury rates have remained stable, and the challenge is for clubs to reduce training-related muscle injury rates without impairing match performance.
Abstract: Background There are limited data on hamstring injury rates over time in football. Aim To analyse time trends in hamstring injury rates in male professional footballers over 13 consecutive seasons and to distinguish the relative contribution of training and match injuries. Methods 36 clubs from 12 European countries were followed between 2001 and 2014. Team medical staff recorded individual player exposure and time-loss injuries. Injuries per 1000 h were compared as a rate ratio (RR) with 95% CI. Injury burden was the number of lay off days per 1000 h. Seasonal trend for injury was analysed using linear regression. Results A total of 1614 hamstring injuries were recorded; 22% of players sustained at least one hamstring injury during a season. The overall hamstring injury rate over the 13-year period was 1.20 injuries per 1000 h; the match injury rate (4.77) being 9 times higher than the training injury rate (0.51; RR 9.4; 95% CI 8.5 to 10.4). The time-trend analysis showed an annual average 2.3% year on year increase in the total hamstring injury rate over the 13-year period (R 2 =0.431, b=0.023, 95% CI 0.006 to 0.041, p=0.015). This increase over time was most pronounced for training injuries—these increased by 4.0% per year (R 2 =0.450, b=0.040, 95% CI 0.011 to 0.070, p=0.012). The average hamstring injury burden was 19.7 days per 1000 h (annual average increase 4.1%) (R 2 =0.437, b=0.041, 95% CI 0.010 to 0.072, p=0.014). Conclusions Training-related hamstring injury rates have increased substantially since 2001 but match-related injury rates have remained stable. The challenge is for clubs to reduce training-related hamstring injury rates without impairing match performance.

468 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The shortened time to healing for teriparatide 20 µg compared with placebo still may suggest that fracture repair can be accelerated by teriparkinide, but this result should be interpreted with caution and warrants further study.
Abstract: Animal experiments show a dramatic improvement in skeletal repair by teriparatide. We tested the hypothesis that recombinant teriparatide, at the 20 mu g dose normally used for osteoporosis treatment or higher, would accelerate fracture repair in humans. Postmenopausal women (45 to 85 years of age) who had sustained a dorsally angulated distal radial fracture in need of closed reduction but no surgery were randomly assigned to 8 weeks of once-daily injections of placebo (n = 34) or teriparatide 20 mu g (n = 34) or teriparatide 40 mu g (n = 34) within 10 days of fracture. Hypotheses were tested sequentially, beginning with the teriparaticle 40 mu g versus placebo comparison, using a gatekeeping strategy. The estimated median time from fracture to first radiographic evidence of complete cortical bridging in three of four cortices was 9.1, 7.4, and 8.8 weeks for placebo and teriparaticle 20 1 and 40 mu g, respectively (overall p = .015). There was no significant difference between the teriparaticle 40 mu g versus placebo groups (p = .523). In post hoc analyses, there was no significant difference between teriparaticle 40 1 versus 20 mu g (p = .053); however, the time to healing was shorter in teriparaticle 20 mu g than placebo (p = .006). The primary hypothesis that teriparatide 40 jug would shorten the time to cortical bridging was not supported. The shortened time to healing for teriparaticle 20 mu g compared with placebo still may suggest that fracture repair can be accelerated by teriparaticle, but this result should be interpreted with caution and warrants further study.

466 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the mechanical properties and machining performance of Ti 1− x Al x N-coated cutting tools have been investigated, and it is shown that the Al content promotes a (200) preferred crystallographic orientation and has a large influence on the hardness of as-deposited coatings.
Abstract: The mechanical properties and machining performance of Ti 1− x Al x N-coated cutting tools have been investigated. Processing by arc evaporation using cathodes with a range of compositions was performed to obtain coatings with compositions x =0, x =0.25, x =0.33, x =0.50, x =0.66 and x =0.74. As-deposited coatings with x ≤0.66 had metastable cubic structures, whereas x =0.74 yielded two-phase coatings consisting of cubic and hexagonal structures. The as-deposited and isothermally annealed coatings were characterised by nanoindentation, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Cutting tests revealing tool wear mechanisms were also performed. Results show that the Al content, x , promotes a (200) preferred crystallographic orientation and has a large influence on the hardness of as-deposited coatings. The high hardness (∼37 GPa) and texture of the as-deposited Ti 1− x Al x N coatings are retained for annealing temperatures up to 950 °C, which indicates a superior stability of this system compared to TiN and Ti(C,N) coatings. We propose that competing mechanisms are responsible for the effectively constant hardness: softening by residual stress relaxation through lattice defect annihilation is balanced by hardening from formation of a coherent nanocomposite structure of c-TiN and c-AlN domains by spinodal decomposition. This example of secondary-phase transformation (age-) hardening is proposed as a new route for advanced surface engineering, and for the development of future generation hard coatings.

465 citations


Authors

Showing all 15844 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Rui Zhang1512625107917
Jun Lu135152699767
Jean-Luc Brédas134102685803
Lars Wallentin12476761020
S. Shankar Sastry12285886155
Gerhard Andersson11890249159
Olle Inganäs11362750562
Antonio Facchetti11160251885
Ray H. Baughman11061660009
Michel W. Barsoum10654360539
Louis J. Ignarro10633546008
Per Björntorp10538640321
Jan Lubinski10368952120
Magnus Johannesson10234240776
Barbara Riegel10150777674
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
20241
202385
2022359
20213,190
20203,210
20193,029