London School of Economics and Political Science

About: London School of Economics and Political Science is a education organization based out in London, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Politics. The organization has 8759 authors who have published 35017 publications receiving 1436302 citations.

What's the Problem? An Introduction to Problem Structuring Methods

Abstract: OR's traditional problem-solving techniques offer remarkably little assistance in deciding what the problem is. New problem structuring methods PSMs provide decision makers with systematic help in identifying an agreed framework for their problem. The result is either a well-defined project that can be addressed using traditional OR methods, or a clarification of the situation that enables those responsible to agree on a course of action. In principle, PSMs can provide analysts with greater access to strategic problems-those engaging multiple relatively independent decision makers. PSMs' transparent methods of representation can capture differing perceptions of the situation, to help generate a consensus or to facilitate negotiations.

Algebraic Potential Theory on Graphs

Abstract: This paper encompasses a motley collection of ideas from several areas of mathematics, including, in no particular order, random walks, the Picard group, exchange rate networks, chip-firing games, cohomology, and the conductance of an electrical network. The linking threads are the discrete Laplacian on a graph and the solution of the associated Dirichlet problem. Thirty years ago, this subject was dismissed by many as a trivial specialisation of cohomology theory, but it has now been shown to have hidden depths. Plumbing these depths leads to new theoretical advances, many of which throw light on the diverse applications of the theory. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification 05C50.

Introduction: European integration and national political systems

Abstract: (2000). Introduction: European integration and national political systems. West European Politics: Vol. 23, Europeanised Politics? European Integration and National Political Systems, pp. 1-26.

The territorial dynamics of innovation: a Europe-United States Comparative Analysis

Abstract: The United States and European Union differ significantly in terms of their innovative capacity: the former have been able to gain and maintain world leadership in innovation and technology while the latter continues to lag. Notwithstanding the magnitude of this innovation gap and the political emphasis placed upon it on both sides of the Atlantic, very little systematic comparative analysis has been carried out on its causes. The empirical literature has emphasized the structural differences between the two continents in the quantity and quality of the major ‘inputs’ to innovation: R&D investments and human capital. The very different spatial organization of innovative activities in the EU and the US—as suggested by a variety of contributions in the field of economic geography—could also influence innovative output. This article analyses and compares a wide set of territorial processes that influence innovation in Europe and the United States. The higher mobility of capital, population and knowledge in the US not only promotes the agglomeration of research activity in specific areas of the country but also enables a variety of territorial mechanisms to fully exploit local innovative activities and (informational) synergies. In the European Union, in contrast, imperfect market integration and institutional and cultural barriers across the continent prevent innovative agents from maximizing the benefits from external economies and localized interactions, but compensatory forms of geographical process may be emerging in concert with further European integration.