London School of Economics and Political Science

About: London School of Economics and Political Science is a education organization based out in London, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Politics. The organization has 8759 authors who have published 35017 publications receiving 1436302 citations.

Towards a Theory of Securitization: Copenhagen and Beyond:

Abstract: One of the most important and controversial contributions to a vibrant body of new security theories since the 1990s has been the idea of securitization. However, rather than providing a consolidated position the discourse on securitization has only just begun to transform the new idea into a more comprehensive security theory. This article argues that such a theory needs to go beyond the current reflections on securitization by the Copenhagen School. Through internal critique and conceptual reconstruction the article generates an alternative framework for future empirical research and identifies two centres of gravity as a first step towards a more consistent understanding of securitization as a comprehensive theory of security.

Economic Analysis for Ecosystem Service Assessments

Abstract: The paper seeks to contribute to the expanding literature on ecosystem service assessment by considering its integration with economic analyses of such services. Focussing upon analyses for future orientated policy and decision making, we initially consider a single period during which ecological stocks are maintained at sustainable levels. The flow of ecosystems services and their contribution to welfare bearing goods is considered and methods for valuing resultant benefits are reviewed and illustrated via a case study of land use change. We then broaden our time horizon to discuss the treatment of future costs and benefits. Finally we relax our sustainability assumption and consider economic approaches to the incorporation of depleting ecological assets with a particular focus upon stocks which exhibit thresholds below which restoration is compromised.

Dynamic consent: a patient interface for twenty-first century research networks

Abstract: Biomedical research is being transformed through the application of information technologies that allow ever greater amounts of data to be shared on an unprecedented scale. However, the methods for involving participants have not kept pace with changes in research capability. In an era when information is shared digitally at the global level, mechanisms of informed consent remain static, paper-based and organised around national boundaries and legal frameworks. Dynamic consent (DC) is both a specific project and a wider concept that offers a new approach to consent; one designed to meet the needs of the twenty-first century research landscape. At the heart of DC is a personalised, digital communication interface that connects researchers and participants, placing participants at the heart of decision making. The interface facilitates two-way communication to stimulate a more engaged, informed and scientifically literate participant population where individuals can tailor and manage their own consent preferences. The technical architecture of DC includes components that can securely encrypt sensitive data and allow participant consent preferences to travel with their data and samples when they are shared with third parties. In addition to improving transparency and public trust, this system benefits researchers by streamlining recruitment and enabling more efficient participant recontact. DC has mainly been developed in biobanking contexts, but it also has potential application in other domains for a variety of purposes.

Search Unemployment with On-the-job Search

Abstract: A substantial fraction of workers who quit their jobs and a smaller but still substantial fraction of workers hired into jobs do not experience interim periods of unemployment (more generally, non-employment). How big the respective fractions are is difficult to say, because of the absence of good data. I summarize some of the evidence in the next section. In the U.S. where unemployment has high turnover, the average fraction of new hires coming directly from other jobs is approximately 20%. In the U.K. it might be as high as 40%. The observation of large job-to-job movements stimulated a large amount of research in search models with on-the-job search. But most of the models with on-the-job search found in the literature, although persuasive in the aras of their concentration, are still either partial or make too strong assumptions about wage determination and the demand side of the labour market (Burdett (1978), Jovanovic (1984), Mortensen, (1986)). My objective in this paper is to develop an equilibrium model of search with job-tojob movement, which is consistent with some important empirical properties of the job-to-job flow and the flow from unemployment to employment. One of the issues discussed in the paper is whether the non-cooperative search-matching model without on-the-job search, which has been extensively used in the literature to analyse unemployment flows, remains a useful tool for the analysis of unemployment and job creation. Another is whether the existence of on-the-job search adds any new insights into the behaviour of unemployment. I show that the unemployment model without on-the-job search, as discussed for example in Pissarides (1990), is robust to the introduction of on-the-job search, save for the increased complexity of the solution. The payoff is some new results, beyond the ones related to the behaviour of on-the-job search. The most interesting new results come from the fact that on-the-job search responds to the level of economic activity and relate to the dynamics of unemployment. In an examination of the evidence on the vacancy-unemployment relation in 14 OECD countries, Jackman, Pissarides and Savouri (1990) concluded that when aggregate economic activity recovered in most of these countries in the second half of the 1980s,